in Japanese! 「は」「が」「に」「へ」「と」… ü Today, we focus on the differences between「で」and「に」 * The meanings/readings of some Kanji words will be shown at the bottom of each slide
(like ‘to’ in English) 学校に⾏く (go to school)、彼⼥にペンをあげる (give a pen to her) ü「で」 indicates the location (like ‘in’, ‘on’, ‘at’ in English) 公園で遊ぶ (play in a park), ⽇本で働く (work in Japan) (Vocab) 学校(がっこう)school; 公園(こうえん)park; 遊(あそ)ぶ play; 働(はたら)く; work
住む : live in Japan ホテル {に、で} 泊まる: stay in a hotel • 学校 {に、で} いる: be at school However, ⽇本、学校、ホテル are obviously the location, not direction. (Vocab) 住(す)む live; 泊(と)まる stay overnight;
location of an action/event ⽇本で働く (work in Japan) 学校で勉強する (study at school) ホテルで寝る (sleep in a hotel) describe the location where sb/sth is or exists ⽇本に住む (live in Japan) 学校にいる(be at school) ホテルに泊まる (stay in a hotel) 「で」:location of an action 「に」:location of an existence (Vocab) 寝(ね)る sleep; 勉強(べんきょう)する study
different sentences to follow When we hear 「ロンドンで …」 1. location of action ⽇本語を教える (teach Japanese) 働く (work) バリスタになる (become a barista) When we hear 「ロンドンに ….」 1. location of an existence 友達がいる (my friends are there) 住む (live) ⼤きい図書館がある (there is a big library) 2. direction ⾏く (go) 移住する (migrate) (Vocab) 教(おし)える teach; 住(す)む live; 図書館(としょかん)library; 移住 (いじゅう)する migrate
in London ロンドンに留学する • direction à go to London to study abroad 「ここで書く」 • location à write something here (in this room) ここに書く • direction write down something here (in this area) (Vocab) 留学(りゅうがく)する study abroad
ü They are mostly interchangeable (e.g.) 学校 に ⾏く ≒ 学校 へ ⾏く (go to school) ü However, there are some subtle differences between them (e.g.) 醤油 を ご飯 に(△ へ) かける (pour soy sauce on the rice) (‘△’ denotes the usage is a bit unnatural) à This topic is highly advanced, so I’ll explain them if you are interested! (Vocab) 醤油(しょうゆ) soy sauce; ご飯 (はん) rice, meal