Decoding The ‘Free & Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP)'

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Decoding The ‘Free & Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP)’ is a well-researched, carefully analysed, research presentation ppt, highly recommended for professionals in the field of international relations. Equipped with latest data & well-structured format, it provides to the point information on FOIP.
This research PPT is broadly divided in six parts. At the beginning, key features of Indo-pacific have been explained by segregating geographical features of FOIP & geopolitical features of FOIP separately. Next, the ppt unfolds origin & meaning of FOIP in detail. Further, the analysis throws light on understanding prime aims of FOIP revealing major fundamental purposes behind the idea of FOIP and its significance in international politics. Thereafter, key dimensions of Indo-pacific have been discussed which reveal its attributes, core features & key focus areas. Next part focuses on enlisting key bilateral & multilateral engagement initiatives under FOIP that revolves around key dimensions of FOIP, undertaken by countries such as Australia, India, USA, Japan, Indonesia, The European Union, Singapore & Republic of Korea etc. Lastly, the presentation elaborates on major challenges that can hinder realisation of free & open Indo-pacific.
Content outline of this PPT is as follows:
1. Features Of Indo-Pacific: Geographical Features & Geo-Political Features.
2. Fundamental Concept: Origin & Meaning.
3. Fundamental Purposes: Geopolitical Purpose, Economy Purpose, Sustainability Purpose.
4. Key Dimensions: Economy, Connectivity, Governance, Security.
5. Key Engagement Initiatives In Past 10 Years.
6. Major Challenges: Increased Strategic Competition / Unstable Indo-pacific, Different Priorities Of All States, Risk Of Natural Disasters, Corruption.
7. Abbreviations.
8. List Of Sources.
The ppt has been made by analysing intricate documents & seeks to present the topic in brief, easy-to-understand format. It is especially useful for researchers, professors, students, government officials & corporates in the field of international relations.

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1. Decoding The ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP).’ t.charticles@gmail.com www.tcharticles.com 1 Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis Full PPT Download Link: https://tcharticles.com/product/decoding-the-free-open-indo-pacific/
2. Index 2 2 Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis Sustainaiblity Purpose. Page No.8 2. Fundamental Concept: Origin & Meaning. Page No.4 1. Features Of Indo-pacific: Geographical Features & Geo Political Features. Page No.3 Security. Page No.13,14 5. Key Engagement Initiatives In Past Ten Years. Page No.15,16 6. Major Challenges. Risk of Natural Disasters. Page No.19 8. List Of Sources. Page No.22,23,24,25,26,27,28 Connectivity. Page No.11 4. Key Dimensions. Page No.9 Governance. Page No.12 Economy. Page No.10 Economy Purpose. Page No.7 Geopolitical Purpose. Page No.6 3. Fundamental Purposes. Page No.5 Increased Strategic Competition Might Lead / Unstable Indo-pacific. Page No.17 Different Priorities Of All States. Page No.18 Corruption. Page No.20 7. Abbreviations. Page No.21
3.  /////////// 3 Strategic location, availability of vast untapped natural resources have brought Indo-pacific region at the center of world geo- politics; Accounting 62% to global GDP & 40% of the world exports, the region is a prime hub for global economic growth. Features of Indo-Pacific Geographical Features Geo-Political Features  Oceans:  Pacific and Indian Oceans (Covers Indian Ocean,xxxxx, xxxxxx,, xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxx).  Landmass:  xxxxxx of world surface area .  Population:  xxxxxxxxxpeople (xxxxxxxxxx)  Mineral Resources:  Offshore hydrocarbons, xxxxxxxx, zxxxxxxxxxx, seabed minerals, rare earth metals, etc. (Rich in different types of mineral resources such as polymetallic nodules, cobalt, and ferromanganese-rich crusts, rare earth elements, calcareous and siliceous oozes, and various liquid and gaseous substances such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, and other minerals.)  Bio diversity:  1/3rdof the  World's highest species richness found in  States/Countries:  Atleast 40 Countries: Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal xxx,xxx,xxxxxx,xxxxxxxx,xxxxxx,  Xxxxx,xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,  System of Governance:  International Trade:  Accounts for xxxxx of world GDP  xxxxxxof the world’s merchandise trade,.  xxxxxxxxxbarrels of crude oil pass through the area every year.  xxxxxxxxxof the world's exports come from the area.  Maritime Trade :  Important sea lanes such as the maritime trade routes via the northern Indian Ocean and the Malacca Strait. Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx  9 out of 10 xxxxx,xxxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxxx  About xxxxxxxof the world’s maritime trade goes through the region, of which xxxxxxd pass through the South China Sea.  Major security threats/Maritime Disputes;  About 40 sea-related disputes among regional countries, xxxxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxxxx  O  Military :  Top xxxx, xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx Features of Indo-Pacific 3 Sources: Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis
4. The concept of FOIP was first envisioned by Japan. The FOIP as evolved till now, revolves around ASEAN centrality, economic liberalization, rule based governance, connectivity & security throughout the region. Fundamental Concept Meaning 1. The vision for ‘Free & open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) ’ was 1st promulgated by Japanese PM Shinzo Abe in his his keynote address at TICAD VI held in Kenya, on August 27, 2016. 2. Quoting the words of PM Abe introducing the concept of Free & Open Indo-Pacific Vision : - 3. The concept talks about two continents, xxxxxxxx & way of xxxxxxxx of the oceans. It xxxxxxxx Asia & Africa as two continents of huge growth potential. Two oceans, Free and open Pacific Ocean and Indian Oceans are considered key for stability and prosperity in the continents . Therefore it Fundamental Concept Origin 1. The expanse:  From the eastern 2. Key Dimensions:  FOIP ,as evolved as of now, mainly revolves around 4 dimensions viz; ‘economy,’ propagates free market economy for region’s prosperity, rule based ‘governance’ , ‘security’ which covers broad range of areas such as territorial sovereignty, free & open seas specially security of key sea trade routes, food security, energy security, health security & so on & ‘connectivity’ focusing on infrastructure development for uninterrupted supply chains & free markets . 3. Key Objective:  Aimed 4. Key Features:  Maritime Security co-operation (The key to peace, stability, and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region is “free and open seas), ASEAN Centrality, rulemaking through dialogue, 4 Sources: Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis
5. Countering China’s growing dominance in the region, establishment of liberal trade practices based on international rule of law & addressing issues of common concern such as natural disasters, piracy, IUU fishing, climate change, corruption, security etc. are key motives of FOIP. Fundamental Purposes. 1. Geo-political Purpose. 2. Economy Purpose. 3. Sustainability Purpose . Xxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ,xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Fundamental Purposes. Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 5 Source:
6. Countering China led BRI, its economic coercion & trade distorting practices as well as its rapid militarization in the region are chief geopolitical purposes of FOIP. Countering China led BRI, its economic coercion & trade distorting practices as well as its rapid militarization in the region are chief geopolitical purposes of FOIP. Geo-political Purpose: To counter China’s growing influence & dominance in indo-pacific Geo-political Purpose: xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  China is thexxxxxxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx , Latin America through physical infrastructure.  Under xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  This asset acquisitions strategy undermining state sovereignty  Most of these projects are strategically located & which can give china assess  The region is intricately intertwined with China for trade  .  .  .  . .  Increased military presence, South China territorial Disputes & Sovereign Claims by China.  Alleged to be funding deep port facility project in Cambodia  Seeking to expand its  China’s sovereign claims & territorial disputes with Vietnam, pose threat to free, open & peaceful navigation in the region.  China claiming land in the South China Sea by physically increasing the size of islands or creating new  As South China Sea accounts for at least 1/3rd of global maritime trade, Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 6 Sources: Alternative To China’s Belt & Road Initiative. Reducing Economic Dependence on China. To counter militarization in the region by China & ensure open navigation.
7. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx Economy Purpose:xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. 1. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/trade/overview#2 2. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/wtr21_e/00_wtr21_e.pdf 3. https://www.orfonline.org/research/security-economy-and-ecology/  The Indo-Pacific regionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  2/3rd of xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  ‘Trade is an xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Since 1990, trade has increased incomesxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Trade is linked to higher female xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  regionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Consumers in economies open regionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Gradually eliminating non trade barriers & import tariffs would regionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Interconnected regionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  trading system can help countries to be more economically resilient to shocks by regionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  countries  xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Trade led xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  suffers if its markets are not connected. Many of the world’s poorest people live in places that are landlocked, remote or otherwise ill-served by international trade links.  xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  .  xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  With a 46-% share in world xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 7 Sources: To xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx
8. Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxTo Counter Issues Of Common Concern.  The Indo-Pacific is home to xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  ‘Free & open indoxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Natural Disasters  In 2022, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx  Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Piracy  In 2022, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx  Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Cyber threats  xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  The xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Territorial Security  xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 8 Sources:.
9. Connectivity, Economy, Security & Governance are key dimensions of Free & Open Indo-Pacific. Dimensions Of FOIP Key Dimensions Economy Governance Security Connectivity Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 9 Source:.
10. Aims / Strategic Ends  To .  To  To Strategic Ways Strategic Means  Obey xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Maintain the WTO rules as a foundation, Participate in IMF ,WB, UN and other institutes of global governance.  Economic xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Participation in IPEF, ASEAN, QUAD & son on  Promote xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Investments in innovation, science, technology, startups, digitization , decarbonization & infrastructure etc.  Building xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Improvement in resources development, transportation, and industry-related infrastructure , participation in international organizations for diversification of supply, strengthening mutual cooperation to address economic coercion, strengthening supply chains for critical commodities such as semiconductors and critical minerals, including through support and collaboration with companies, data sharing and collaboration across companies, promoting of public finance options.  Promote Fair economy. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Promote Clean economy. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Promotion of Responsible Business Conduct. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Promotion of Blue Economy. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx Dimensions of Free & Open Indo-Pacific- Economy. Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 10 Sources:
11. / Aims / Strategic Ends  To increase human. Strategic Ways Strategic Means  Development, operation and maintenance of infrastructure that can contribute to improvement in regional connectivity. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Encourage digital connectivity across indo- pacific. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Improvement in communications infrastructure . 5G xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Enhancement in people & “Knowledge” Connectivity. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Physical infrastructure development, digital connectivity, improvement in communication infrastructure & enhancement of people & knowledge connectivity etc. are key pillars of Connectivity under FOIP. Dimensions of Free & Open Indo-Pacific - Connectivity. Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 11 Sources:
12. Aims / Strategic Ends  EstablMaintain xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx  Advance a free and open Indo-Pacific. Strategic Ways Strategic Means  . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  .. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx FOIP aims to achieve establishment & defending of rule of law, maintaining FOIP where seas, skies & others shared domains are lawfully governed & maintain international environment where states make their own sovereign choices, consistent with their obligations to international law . Dimensions of Free & Open Indo-Pacific- Governance. Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 12 Sources:
13. Aims / Strategic Ends:  Expand Strategic Ways Strategic Means:  Create awareness of and confidence-building measures in the domain of cyber security, build support for an open, interoperable, reliable, and secure internet.  Engagement in defense cooperation projects Co-operation projects such as vessel maintenance cooperation project, co-operation among coast guards for joint drills & xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Promotion of safe use of the air by promoting air domain awareness Knowledge sharing related to air domain awareness; exchanges related to warning and surveillance, high-level and working-level exchanges between Air Force branches; initiatives for air decarbonization, wider use of SAF, etc.; establishment and promotion of a system of cooperation among the aviation authorities in new technologies such as aviation control, airport technology, drones, and flying cars etc.  International co-operation & collaboration to combat terrorism, violent extremism & trafficking & prevention of the exploitation of new and emerging technologies Xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Dimensions Of Free & Open Indo-pacific- Security [Chart 1/2 ] Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 13 Sources:
14. Aims / Strategic Ends:  Expand Strategic Ways Strategic Means:  For Food security, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Cooperation in disaster reduction in the Indo-Pacific region. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  For health security, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Participation in bilateral , multilateral co-operation & engagements through information sharing ,need assessment for xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Securing blue economy by xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxx xx x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Dimensions Of Free & Open Indo-pacific- Security [Chart 2/2] Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 14 Sources:
15. International Major Engagement Initiatives In Past 10 Years [ Chart 1/2 ] QUAD, IPEF, AKUS, IPMDA, are important major multilateral engagement initiatives among Indo-pacific states which are aimed towards increasing connectivity, security, economic growth & governance. Sr. No Country Major Engagement Initiative/ Participation In Key Focus Areas (Economy, Governance, Security, Connectivity) 1. Australia xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2. India SAGAR Initiative, Act East Policy, Project Sagarmala, Project Mausam, Participation in QUAD, IPEF, BIMSTEC and Mekong-Ganga Economic Corridor , Forum for India-Pacific Islands cooperation(FIPIC), Digital India Inititative, IPOI, Participated in Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) as an associate partner(2022), IORA’s Outlook on the Indo-Pacific, IN – EUNAVFOR Joint Naval Exercice, Bécame member of Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) in June 2016, Wassenaar Arrangement (WA) in December 2017 and the Australia Group (AG) in January 2018, Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA). 3. USA xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 4. Japan xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 15 Sources
16. International Major Engagement Initiatives In Past 10 Years [ Chart 2/2 ] EU-ASEAN Comprehensive Air Transport Agreement, Chip 4 Semiconductor Alliance, Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Compact , Combined Task Force Excercises are major engagement initiatives that focus on key dimensions of Indo- pacific. Sr. No Country Major Engagement Initiative/ Participation In Key Focus Areas (Economy, Governance, Security, Connectivity) 5. European Union (EU) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 6. Indonesia xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 7. Republic of Korea xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 8. Singapore xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 16 Sources:.
17. USA & China are major powers with conflicting ideologies have strong military capabilities & defense networks in the region. Power competition between them can lead to creation of unstable Indo-pacific. Major Challenges: Increased Strategic Competition Might Lead To Unstable Indo-pacific.  xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  China deployed its military capabilities more assertively, in the South xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Sea, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  its border with xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  , near median xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  of the Taiwan. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  China’s xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Territorial dxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Regional Defense Capabilities Asian Military Posture Regional Military Alliances. States Number of alliances Top partner countries USA Rank - / Score - China Rank - / Score - Regional Defense Capabilities States Joint Training (Allies) Joint Training (Non-allies) Defense Dialogues Long-range Maritime Force Projection USA China Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 17 Sources:
18. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx Major Challenges: Different Priorities Of All States.  Major xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Developed xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx such as USA & Japan propagates democracy, human rights & containment of China as core to free & open Indo-pacific while India advocates issue based multi alignment policy. ASEAN countries have adopted ‘inclusivity’, supporting close co-operation with both China &USA .  Differing xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Economic Relationships States Primary Trade Partner: Number Of Countries In Which State Is The Primary Regional Trading Partner (2020) Regional Investment Ties Economic Diplomacy Foreign Investment In Indo-pacifc Region Primary Foreign Investor Regional FTAs Foreign Assistance (Regional) China USA xxxx 10% xxxxxx 90% Xxxxxx xxxxx Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 18 Sources:
19. Asia-Pacific is the most disaster-prone region in the world. Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Major Challenges:xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx  Climxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  It has been observed that xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Effective implementation xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  3, (45xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  3 major xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  People xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  East xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Total xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Thexxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  3 major xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  Thexxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx  High temperatures xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 19 Sources:
20.  Politicians are seen to be the most corrupt.  Corruption xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Climate xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Political elites xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  ‘xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx by law’ rather than ‘rule of law’ meaning the use of anti-corruption frameworks to prosecute opposition leaders and crack down on civil society organizations.(ex- India. Use of government agencies by ruling party to suppress opposition voices.)  Diverse legal frameworks for governing money in politics.  Asia—xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  ‘Digitalization of politics’ makes xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Bribery of foreign public officials by multinational companies, company employees, agents and facilitators lead to ‘Exporting Corruption’ .  Foreign bribery transactions xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Involvement of financial xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  States have serious inadequacies xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Countries such as China ,Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Hongkong, India xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  In India, there is xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  Tackling Corruption:  The Political Declaration of the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Major Challenges: Corruption Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 20 Sources:1.IDEA, 2.Transparency International, 3.Brookings, 4.ORF, .
21. 1. ADB – Asian Development Bank 2. AKUS - Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, 3. ASEAN – Association of Southeast Asian Nations 4. AU - Australia 5. Bln - Billion 6. BRI – Belt & Road Initiative. 7. CEEW - Council on Energy, Environment and Water 8. CEPS - Centre for European Policy Studies. 9. CFR - Council on Foreign Relations 10. DFAT - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 11. DoS - Department Of State. 12. DPG - Delhi Policy Group. 13. EM-DAT- Emergency event database 14. Etc. - Et Cetera 15. EuroParl – European Parliament 16. FOIP - Free & Open Indo-Pacific. 17. FTA – Free Trade Agreements. 18. GDP - Gross Domestic Product. 19. GFP - Gobal Fire Power. 20. GREENFDC - Green Finance & Development Center 21. ICPO - International Criminal Police Organization. 22. ICWA – Indian Council of World Affairs 23. IDEA - Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance 24. IDSA - Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses 25. IFRI - Institut français des relations internationals 26. IMF - International Monetary Fund 27. IMO – International Maritime Organization 28. IORA – Indian Ocean Rim Association. Abbreviations Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 21 26. IPEF – Indo-Pacific Economic Framework 27. ISA – International Solar Alliance. 28. IUU – Illegal, unreported, and unregulated 29. KAS - Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung 30. Mea - Ministry of External Affairs 31. Mofa - Ministry of Foreign Affairs 32. NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 33. NBR – National Bureau of Asian Research 34. ORF - Observer Research Foundation 35. PM- Prime Minister 36. QUAD/ QSD -. Quadrilatéral Security Dialogue. 37. RAN - Radio Access Network. 38. SAF - Sustainable aviation fuel 39. TICAD - Tokyo International Conference on African Development. 40. UN – United Nations 41. UNDRR – United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction 42. UNFCCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 43. USA / US – United States of America 44. USCC - U.S.–China Commission / United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission 45. USD – United States Dollar 46. Viz - which is 47. WB – World Bank 48. WHO – World Health Organization. 49. WTO - World Trade Organization 50. 5G - Fifth generation
22. List Of Sources Sr. No. Source Source Link 1. Mofa Japan-New Plan for a “Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) -2023 https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/100477660.pdf 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Tcharticles Analysis Tcharticles Analysis 22
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