of the words “governor” and “cybernetic” • Manages container clusters • Inspired and informed by Google’s experiences and internal systems • Supports multiple cloud and bare-metal environments • Supports multiple container runtimes • 100% Open source, written in Go Manage applications, not machines
to kubernetes • Create replication controllers, etc. as usual • Pods get spread across zones Nodes and PersistentVolumes are labelled with their availability zone • Fully automatic for GKE, GCE, AWS • Manual for on-premise and other cloud providers (for now) Status: GA in Kubernetes v1.2 User Zone A Zone C Zone B Master Multi-Zone Clusters
imperative, client-side Deployment manages replica changes for you • stable object name • updates are configurable, done server-side • kubectl edit or kubectl apply Aggregates stats Can have multiple updates in flight Status: BETA in Kubernetes v1.2 ...
on every node? • or a subset of nodes Similar to ReplicationController • principle: do one thing, don’t overload “Which nodes?” is a selector Use familiar tools and patterns Status: BETA in Kubernetes v1.2 Pod
• based on CPU utilization (for now) • custom metrics in Alpha Efficiency now, capacity when you need it Operates within user-defined min/max bounds Set it and forget it Status: GA in Kubernetes v1.2 ... Stats
Express parallelism vs. required completions • Workflow: restart on failure • Build/test: don’t restart on failure Aggregates success/failure counts Built for batch and big-data work Status: GA in Kubernetes v1.2 ...
a secured something • don’t put secrets in the container image! 12-factor says config comes from the environment • Kubernetes is the environment Manage secrets via the Kubernetes API Inject secrets as virtual volumes into your Pods • late-binding, tmpfs - never touches disk • also available as env vars node API Pod Secret
making overly-brittle container images 12-factor says config comes from the environment • Kubernetes is the environment Manage config via the Kubernetes API Inject config as a virtual volume into your Pods • late-binding, live-updated (atomic) • also available as env vars Status: GA in Kubernetes v1.2 node API Pod Config Map
are L3/L4 (IP + port) Ingress maps incoming traffic to backend services • by HTTP host headers • by HTTP URL paths HAProxy, NGINX, AWS and GCE implementations in progress Now with SSL! Status: BETA in Kubernetes v1.2 Client URL Map
from any one cloud environment Admin provisions them, users claim them • NEW: auto-provisioning (alpha in v1.2) Independent lifetime and fate from consumers • lives until user is done with it • can be handed-off between pods Dynamically “scheduled” and managed, like nodes and pods Claim
app, enforce it in the network Restrict Pod-to-Pod traffic or across Namespaces Designed by the network SIG • implementations for Calico, OpenShift, Romana, OpenContrail (so far) Status: Alpha in v1.2, expect beta in v1.3
• 99% of API calls return in < 1 second • 99% of pods start in < 5 seconds Pure iptables kube-proxy • No measurable CPU/throughput/latency hit 4x reduction in kubelet CPU and memory Planned for 1.3 • Binary-encoded API (protobuf) • Caching and parallelization in scheduler • Nodes++ and pods++ Scalability & Performance: v1.2
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