アクターモデルの話

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1. ΞΫλʔϞσϧͷ࿩
   2017.10.21 RubySapporo.beam #3
   ·͑ͩͱ΋͖
   

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2. ࣗݾ঺հ
   @tmaeda
   (ג)͑ʹ͠ςοΫ
   ࠷ۙ͸RailsͷཪͰಈ͘SidekiqͷδϣϒΛॻ͘࢓ࣄ͕ଟ͍Ͱ
   ͢
   ElixirΛ·ͬͨΓษڧதͰ͢
   

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3. &-*9*3ͷίʔυྫ
   defmodule Greeter do
   def hello do
   receive do
   name ->
   IO.puts "Hello #{name}"
   end
   hello()
   end
   end
   greeter =
   spawn(Greeter, :hello, [])
   send(greeter, "World")
   

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4. ࠓ೔͓࿩͍ͨ͜͠͠ͱ
   ΞΫλʔϞσϧ͕ੜ·Εͨഎܠ
   ΞΫλʔϞσϧ͸ԿΛղܾ͢Δͷ͔ʁ
   ΞΫλʔϞσϧͱͲ͏෇͖߹͑͹͍͍ͷ͔ʁ
   

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5. ΞΫλʔϞσϧ
   Carl Hewitt
   1973
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_model
   

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6. πΠολʔ΋͋Δˠhttps://twitter.com/carlhewitt
   

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7. 
   1977ͷHewittͷ࿦จ
   In recent years, there has been a shift from the
   centralized serial computing system to the distributed
   parallel computing network. (Laws for Communicating
   Parallel Processes)

   https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/41962/AI_WP_134A.pdf
   ڞײͰ͖·͢ʁ
   ͪΐͬͱ౰࣌ͷ༷ࢠΛௐ΂ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏
   

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8. ʰ·Μ͕͸͡Ίͯ෺ޠʱʢ·Μ͕͸͡Ίͯ΋ͷ͕ͨΓʣͱ͸ɺ1978೥5݄6೔͔Β1984೥3݄31೔·ͰTBSܥྻ
   ہͰ์ૹ͞ΕͨμοΫεΠϯλʔφγϣφϧͱTBSڞಉ੡࡞ͷࢠڙ޲͚ͷڭཆ൪૊Ͱ͋Δɻશ305ճɻ
   

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9. ࠷ॳͷίϯϐϡʔλ
   1946 ENIAC
   

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10. ࠷ॳͷίϯϐϡʔλωοτϫʔΫ
    1950೥୅ޙ൒ Semi-Automatic Ground Environment
    

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11. ֩౥ࡌരܸػͷܴܸͷܭࢉ
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dF75jHfawtM
    

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12. ࠷ॳͷεʔύʔίϯϐϡʔλʔ
    1964 CDC 6600 10MHz
    

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13. ೥ද
    1946 ENIAC 1956 SAGE 1965 CDC6600
    1971 Intel 4004
    740kHz
    1957 Fortran
    1958 LISP
    1959 COBOL 1972 C, Smalltalk
    1972 UNIX
    1973 Ethernet
    1969 ARPANET
    50kbsp
    ͜ͷลͷࠒͷ࿩ˢ
    1967 Thread
    

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14. 
    ݚڀॴ΍܉ࣄࢪઃʹ͸ɺҰൠՈఉͰ͍͏ͱ͜Ζͷ1990೥
    ୅ʙ2000೥୅૬౰ͷίϯϐϡʔλͱωοτϫʔΫ؀ڥ͕
    ͋ͬͨͱ૝૾͞ΕΔɻ
    ͳΔ΄Ͳɺࢲ͕ݟ͍ͯͨ2000೥લޙͷ࿩ͩͱࢥ͑͹ɺ

    ڞײͰ͖Δɻ
    

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15. Կ͕໰୊͔ͩͬͨʁ
    ϨʔείϯσΟγϣϯͷ༗໊ͳ໰୊
    ۜߦޱ࠲ʹ10000ԁ͋Δ
    A͞Μ͕7000ԁҾ͖མͱͦ͏ͱ͢Δ
    B͞Μ͕8000ԁҾ͖མͱͦ͏ͱ͢Δ
    

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16. ͜Μͳίʔυ
    if Ҿ͖མͱֹ͠ <= ࢒ߴ
    ࢒ߴ -= Ҿ͖མͱֹ͠
    return true
    else
    return false
    end
    

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17. ϚϧνεϨουͰಈ͔͢ͱʁ
    "͞Μ #͞Μ
    ޱ࠲
    ࢒ߴ଍ΓΔʁ ࢒ߴ଍ΓΔʁ
    0, 0,
    ԁҾ͖མͱ͠
    ԁҾ͖མͱ͠
    ࢒ߴ10000ԁ
    ࢒ߴ͕ϚΠφεԁʂ
    

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18. ϩοΫͰղܾʁ
    ͜͜ͰϩοΫΛ͔͚Δ(1౓ʹ1ͭͷεϨου͔͠ڐ͞ͳ͍)
    if Ҿ͖མͱֹ͠ <= ࢒ߴ
    ࢒ߴ -= Ҿ͖མͱֹ͠
    return true
    else
    return false
    end
    ͜͜ͰϩοΫΛղ์
    ϩοΫΛ͠๨ΕΔ
    ղ์͠๨ΕΔ
    ΊΜͲ͍͘͞
    ෆ҆
    

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19. ೥ද
    1946 ENIAC 1956 SAGE 1965 CDC6600
    1971 Intel 4004
    740kHz
    1957 Fortran
    1958 LISP
    1959 COBOL 1972 C, Smalltalk
    1972 UNIX
    1973 Ethernet
    1969 ARPANET
    50kbsp
    ͜ͷลͷࠒͷ࿩ˢ
    1967 Thread
    

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20. ΧϓηϧԽͯ͠σʔλΛकΔ
    ͷ͕ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ͷ
    ໨తͷ1ͭͩͬͨͷʹ…
    

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21. ΞΫλʔϞσϧ
    શͯ͸ΞΫλʔͰ͋Δɻ(OOPͰ͍͏ͱ͜Ζͷʮશͯ͸ΦϒδΣΫτͰ͋Δʯͱࣅ͍ͯΔ)
    ΞΫλʔ͸
    ܭࢉͰ͖Δɻ
    ༗ݶͷ৽͍͠ΞΫλʔΛੜ੒Ͱ͖Δɻ
    ଞͷΞΫλʔ΁༗ݶͷϝοηʔδΛૹΕΔɻ
    ࣍ʹड͚Δϝοηʔδ΁ͷ४උ͕Ͱ͖Δ(ঢ়ଶΛอ࣋Ͱ͖Δ)ɻ
    ϝʔϧϘοΫεΛ࣋ͪɺಧ͍ͨϝοηʔδΛ1ͭͣͭॱ൪ʹॲཧ͢Δɻ
    ※ϝοηʔδ͕ಧ͘ॱং͸ෆఆ
    ※ϝοηʔδ͸ಧ͔ͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍
    

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22. ΞΫλʔϞσϧͰղܾ
    "͞Μ #͞Μ ޱ࠲
    SFDFJWF
    0,
    ԁҾ͖མͱ͠
    ԁҾ͖མͱ͠
    ࢒ߴ10000ԁ
    ϝʔϧϘοΫε
    ࢒ߴνΣοΫͯ͠
    ԁҾ͖མͱ࣮͠ߦ
    /(
    SFDFJWF
    ϝοηʔδ͸ඞͣ

    1݅ͣͭॱ൪ʹ

    ॲཧ͞ΕΔ
    

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23. ΞΫλʔϞσϧ

    ʮΦϒδΣΫτʯͱಡΈସ͑ͯΈΔ
    
    શͯ͸ΞΫλʔͰ͋Δɻ
    ΞΫλʔ͸
    ܭࢉͰ͖Δɻ
    ༗ݶͷ৽͍͠ΞΫλʔΛੜ੒Ͱ͖Δɻ
    ଞͷΞΫλʔ΁༗ݶͷϝοηʔδΛૹΕΔɻ
    ࣍ʹड͚Δϝοηʔδ΁ͷ४උ͕Ͱ͖Δ(ঢ়ଶΛอ࣋Ͱ͖Δ)ɻ
    ϝʔϧϘοΫεΛ࣋ͪɺಧ͍ͨϝοηʔδΛ1ͭͣͭॱ൪ʹॲཧ͢Δɻ
    ΦϒδΣΫτ
    ΦϒδΣΫτ
    ΦϒδΣΫτ
    ΦϒδΣΫτ
    ͚͕ͩ͜͜
    OOPʹͳ͍ಛ௃
    

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24. ΞΫλʔϞσϧ͸
    ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ʹ
    ฒߦ࣮ߦʹର͢ΔΧϓηϧԽ
    Λ௥Ճͨ͠΋ͷͩͱ
    ߟ͑ΒΕΔ
    

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25. https://media.pragprog.com/titles/pb7con/actors.pdf
    Chapter5
    Actors
    More Object-Oriented
    than Objects
    

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26. ΞΫλʔϞσϧͷ࢖͍ํ
    ݪٛతʹ͸ʮશͯΛΞΫλʔͱ͢ΔʯͷͰɺObjectΛnew͢
    ΔΑ͏ͳؾ࣋ͪͰͲΜͲΜΞΫλʔΛ࡞͍͍ͬͯ(Erlang/
    Elixir༻ޠͰݴ͏ͱɺprocessΛspawn͍͍ͯ͠)ɻ
    ΞΫλʔϞσϧ͸ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ͱ΄΅ಉ͡ߟ͑ํͳͷ
    ͰɺΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ͷߟ͑ํΛྲྀ༻ͯ͠ϓϩάϥϜΛ૊
    ΜͰ͍͍ɻσβΠϯύλʔϯͱ͔ɻ
    

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27. &-*9*3ͷίʔυྫ վ
    
    defmodule Greeter do
    def start do
    spawn(__MODULE__, :loop, [])
    end
    def hello(greeter, name) do
    send(greeter, {:hello, name})
    end
    # ͜͜͸privateͬΆ͍ؾ࣋ͪ
    def loop do
    receive do
    {:hello, name} ->
    IO.puts "Hello #{name}"
    end
    loop()
    end
    end
    greeter = Greeter.start
    Greeter.hello(greeter, name)
    ࣮૷ͷৄࡉ ϓϩηεͷىಈͱ͔ɺ
    ϝοηʔδͷ΍ΓऔΓͷੜʑ͍͠
    ͱ͜Ζ
    ͸Ӆ͢
    

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28. ͱݴΘΕ·ͯ͠΋ʜ
    ຊ౰ʹશ෦ΞΫλʔͰ͍͍ͷʁ
    Integer͢Β΋ʁ

    ˠຊ౰ʹඞવੑ͕͋ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺ΍ͬͯ΋͍͍ɻ

    CounterΞΫλʔͱ͔Ͷɻ
    RailsͰΞϓϦ૊ΜͰΔͱThreadΛ࢖͍͍ͨ৔໘ͳΜͯ໓ଟʹͳ͍Μͩ
    ͚Ͳ…

    →Ϛετυϯ͸Sidekiqδϣϒͷմ

    https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon/tree/master/app/workers
    

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29. ·ͱΊ
    ΞΫλʔϞσϧ͸ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲Λฒߦ؀ڥͰ΋ؾܰʹ࢖͑Δ
    Α͏ʹमਖ਼ͨ͠΋ͷͱߟ͑ΒΕΔͷͰɺΞΫλʔ͸༑ୡɺා͘ͳ
    ͍Α
    ιʔγϟϧωοτϫʔΫతͳػೳΛؚΉΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͸
    ΦϒδΣΫτάϥϑ͕ෳࡶʹͳΓ͕ͪͳͷͰ݁ߏ࢖͑Δ৔໘͕
    ͋Δ
    ͦ͏͸ݴͬͯ΋ɺ࢖͍͗͢ΔͱύϑΥʔϚϯεͷ໰୊ͱ͔ಈ͖͕
    ෆఆͰΘ͔Γʹ͘͘ͳͬͨΓ͢ΔͷͰઅ౓Λ࣋ͭඞཁ͕͋Γͦ͏
    

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