Puppet for dummies - PHP|Tek 2012

Puppet for Dummies PHP|Tek - Chicago - USA May 23,

2012 woensdag 23 mei 12

Joshua Thijssen Freelance consultant, developer and trainer @ NoxLogic /

Techademy Development in PHP, Python, Perl, C, Java and some sysadmin Blog: http://adayinthelifeof.nl Email: [email protected] Twitter: @jaytaph oh hai! 2 woensdag 23 mei 12

What is puppet and why should I care? 3 woensdag

23 mei 12

“People are finally figuring out puppet and how it gets

you to the pub by 4pm. Note that I’ve been at this pub since 2pm.” - Jorge Castro 4 woensdag 23 mei 12

5 woensdag 23 mei 12

Puppet is a (not necessarily the) solution for the following

problem: How do we setup, manage, synchronize, and upgrade our internal and external infrastructure? 6 woensdag 23 mei 12

Sysadmin! Y U no fix problem! 7 woensdag 23 mei

12

Sysadmin! Y U no fix problem! NO 7 woensdag 23

mei 12

LAMP-stack 8 woensdag 23 mei 12

LAMP-stack Linux Apache MySQL PHP 8 woensdag 23 mei 12

LAMPGMVNMCSTRAH-stack 9 woensdag 23 mei 12

LAMPGMVNMCSTRAH-stack Linux Apache MySQL PHP Gearman MongoDB CouchDB Solr Tika

Redis ActiveMQ Hadoop Varnish Ngnix Memcache 9 woensdag 23 mei 12

10 woensdag 23 mei 12

10 How do we control our infrastructure? woensdag 23 mei

12

➡ Solution 1: We don’t, 10 How do we control

our infrastructure? woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Solution 1: We don’t, ➡ Solution 2: We outsource,

10 How do we control our infrastructure? woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Solution 1: We don’t, ➡ Solution 2: We outsource,

➡ Solution 3: We automate the process. 10 How do we control our infrastructure? woensdag 23 mei 12

‣ Solution 1: we don’t 11 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ It’s not funny: you find it more often than

not. Especially inside small development companies. ‣ Solution 1: we don’t 11 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ It’s not funny: you find it more often than

not. Especially inside small development companies. ➡ Internal sysadmin, but he’s too busy with development to do sysadmin. ‣ Solution 1: we don’t 11 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ It’s not funny: you find it more often than

not. Especially inside small development companies. ➡ Internal sysadmin, but he’s too busy with development to do sysadmin. ➡ We only act on escalation ‣ Solution 1: we don’t 11 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ It’s not funny: you find it more often than

not. Especially inside small development companies. ➡ Internal sysadmin, but he’s too busy with development to do sysadmin. ➡ We only act on escalation ➡ reactive, not proactive ‣ Solution 1: we don’t 11 woensdag 23 mei 12

‣ Solution 2: we outsource 12 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Expensive $LA’s. ‣ Solution 2: we outsource 12 woensdag

23 mei 12

➡ Expensive $LA’s. ➡ What about INTERNAL servers like your

development systems and infrastructure? ‣ Solution 2: we outsource 12 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Expensive $LA’s. ➡ What about INTERNAL servers like your

development systems and infrastructure? ➡ Fight between stability and agility. ‣ Solution 2: we outsource 12 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Expensive $LA’s. ➡ What about INTERNAL servers like your

development systems and infrastructure? ➡ Fight between stability and agility. ➡ Does your hosting company decide on whether you can use PHP5.3??? ‣ Solution 2: we outsource 12 woensdag 23 mei 12

‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate 13

woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ We are in charge. ‣ Solution 3: we do

it ourselves and automate 13 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ We are in charge. ➡ You can do what

you like ‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate 13 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ We are in charge. ➡ You can do what

you like ➡ Use: cfEngine, chef, puppet. ‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate 13 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ We are in charge. ➡ You can do what

you like ➡ Use: cfEngine, chef, puppet. ➡ When done right, maintenance should not be difficult. ‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate 13 woensdag 23 mei 12

PUPPET 14 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Open source configuration management tool. ➡ Written in Ruby

➡ Open source: https://github.com/puppetlabs ➡ Commercial version available (puppet enterprise) 15 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Don’t tell HOW to do stuff. ➡ Tell WHAT

to do. ¹ ¹ It’s not actually true, but good enough for now... 16 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Don’t tell HOW to do stuff. ➡ Tell WHAT

to do. ¹ ¹ It’s not actually true, but good enough for now... “yum install httpd” “apt-get install apache2” 16 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Don’t tell HOW to do stuff. ➡ Tell WHAT

to do. ¹ ¹ It’s not actually true, but good enough for now... “yum install httpd” “apt-get install apache2” “install and run the apache webserver” 16 woensdag 23 mei 12

17 Schematic representation of a puppet infrastructure woensdag 23 mei

12

Puppet 18 woensdag 23 mei 12

Puppet CA Puppet Master Puppet Agent https 19 woensdag 23

mei 12

Puppet CA Puppet Master Puppet Agent Puppet Agent Puppet Agent

https 19 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Agent “calls” the puppet master. 20 woensdag 23 mei

12

➡ Agent “calls” the puppet master. ➡ Agent sends “facts”

to the master. 20 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Agent “calls” the puppet master. ➡ Agent sends “facts”

to the master. ➡ Master creates “catalog” from the manifests and facts, sends to agent. 20 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Agent “calls” the puppet master. ➡ Agent sends “facts”

to the master. ➡ Master creates “catalog” from the manifests and facts, sends to agent. ➡ Agent sets up system according to the catalog. 20 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Agent “calls” the puppet master. ➡ Agent sends “facts”

to the master. ➡ Master creates “catalog” from the manifests and facts, sends to agent. ➡ Agent sets up system according to the catalog. ➡ Agent reports status to master. 20 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Catalogs are “compiled” manifests 21 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Catalogs are “compiled” manifests ➡ Manifests are puppet definitions

21 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Catalogs are “compiled” manifests ➡ Manifests are puppet definitions

➡ <filename>.pp 21 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Catalogs are “compiled” manifests ➡ Manifests are puppet definitions

➡ <filename>.pp ➡ Puppet DSL 21 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Catalogs are “compiled” manifests ➡ Manifests are puppet definitions

➡ <filename>.pp ➡ Puppet DSL ➡ De-cla-ra-tive language 21 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Catalogs are “compiled” manifests ➡ Manifests are puppet definitions

➡ <filename>.pp ➡ Puppet DSL ➡ De-cla-ra-tive language ➡ Version your manifests! (git/svn) 21 woensdag 23 mei 12

package { “strace” : ensure => present, } file {

“/home/jaytaph/secret-ingredient.txt” : ensure => present, mode => 0600, user => ‘jaytaph’, group => ‘noxlogic’, content => “beer”, } 22 woensdag 23 mei 12

package { “httpd” : ensure => present, } service {

“httpd”: running => true, enable => true, } 23 woensdag 23 mei 12

package { “httpd” : ensure => present, } service {

“httpd”: running => true, enable => true, } require => Package[“httpd”], 23 woensdag 23 mei 12

‣ Different distributions, different names Centos / Redhat service: httpd

package: httpd config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf vhosts: /etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf Debian / Ubuntu service: apache2 package: apache2 config: /etc/apache2/httpd.conf vhosts: /etc/apache2/sites-available 24 woensdag 23 mei 12

class apache { package { “apache”: case $operatingsystem { centos,

redhat { $packagename = “httpd” } debian, ubuntu { $packagename = “apache2” } default : { fail(‘I don’t know this OS/distro’) } } name => $packagename, ensure => installed, } service { “apache” : running => true, enable => true, require => Package[“apache”], } } 25 woensdag 23 mei 12

[root@puppetnode1 ~]# facter --puppet architecture => x86_64 fqdn => puppetnode1.noxlogic.local

interfaces => eth1,eth2,lo ipaddress_eth1 => 192.168.1.114 ipaddress_eth2 => 192.168.56.200 kernel => Linux kernelmajversion => 2.6 operatingsystem => CentOS operatingsystemrelease => 6.0 processor0 => Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHz puppetversion => 2.6.9 ‣ A simple list with info (also useable in your own tools) 26 woensdag 23 mei 12

node “web01.example.org” { include apache } node /^db\d+\.example\.org$/ { package

{ “mysql-server” : ensure => installed, } } 27 /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp: woensdag 23 mei 12

node “web01.example.local” { $webserver_name = “web01.example.local” $webserver_alias = “www.example.local” $webserver_docroot

= “/var/www/web01” include apache } node “web02.example.local” { $webserver_name = “web02.example.local” $webserver_alias = “crm.example.local” $webserver_docroot = “/var/www/web02” include apache } 28 woensdag 23 mei 12

http://docs.puppetlabs.com/references/stable/type.html 29 What can Puppet configure / control? woensdag 23

mei 12

http://docs.puppetlabs.com/references/stable/type.html ➡ Almost everything. ➡ Standard 48 different resource types

➡ Ranging from “file” to “cron” to “ssh_key” to “user” to “selinux”. ➡ Can control your Cisco routers and windows machines too (sortakinda) 30 woensdag 23 mei 12

31 class joindin::web { include apache # include phpmyadmin if

needed if $params::phpmyadmin == true { include joindin::web::phpmyadmin } # Configure apache virtual host apache::vhost { $params::host : docroot => '/vagrant/src', template => 'joindin/vhost.conf.erb', port => $params::port, require => Package["apache"], } https://github.com/jaytaph/joind.in/tree/puppet woensdag 23 mei 12

32 ... # Install PHP modules php::module { 'mysql': }

php::module { "pecl-xdebug" : require => File["EpelRepo"], # xdebug is in the epel repo } # Set development values to our php.ini augeas { 'set-php-ini-values': context => '/files/etc/php.ini', changes => [ 'set PHP/error_reporting "E_ALL | E_STRICT"', 'set PHP/display_errors On', 'set PHP/display_startup_errors On', 'set PHP/html_errors On', 'set Date/date.timezone Europe/London', ], require => Package['php'], notify => Service['apache'], } } # End class woensdag 23 mei 12

33 ➡ Puppet went from v0.25 to v2.6. ➡ REST

interface since 2.6. XMLRPC before that. ➡ One binary to rule them all (puppet). ➡ Puppet v2.7 switched from GPLv2 to apache2.0 license. woensdag 23 mei 12

34 So how does Puppet benefit me as a DEVELOPER?

woensdag 23 mei 12

35 ➡ Keep all developers in sync ➡ Keep your

DTAP in sync ➡ Lets infrastructure be a part of your project woensdag 23 mei 12

Vagrant http://vagrantup.com/ http://vagrantup.com/images/vagrant_chilling.png 36 woensdag 23 mei 12

Vagrant is a tool for building and distributing virtualized development

environments. 37 woensdag 23 mei 12

Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.box = 'centos-62-64-puppet' config.vm.box_url = 'http://../centos-6.2-64bit-puppet-vbox.4.1.12.box' #

Forward a port from the guest to the host, which allows for outside # computers to access the VM, whereas host only networking does not. config.vm.forward_port 80, 8080 config.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet| puppet.manifests_path = "puppet/manifests" puppet.module_path = "puppet/modules" puppet.manifest_file = "main.pp" puppet.options = [ '--verbose', ] end end Vagrantfile 38 woensdag 23 mei 12

# git clone [email protected]:jaytaph/myproject.git # vagrant up 39 woensdag 23

mei 12

➡ Downloads (optionally) the base box ➡ Deploys and boots

up a new VM ➡ Runs the provisioner (puppet) ➡ Profit! 40 woensdag 23 mei 12

Multi VM’s Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.box = 'centos-62-64-puppet' config.vm.box_url =

'http://../centos-6.2-64bit-puppet-vbox.4.1.12.box' config.vm.define :web do |web_config| web_config.vm.host_name = 'web.example.org' web_config.vm.forward_port 80 8080 ... end config.vm.define :database do |db_config| db_config.vm.host_name = 'db.example.org' db_config.vm.forward_port 3306 3306 ... end end Vagrantfile 41 woensdag 23 mei 12

42 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Puppet agent “calls” the master every 30 minutes. ➡

But what about realtime command & control? ➡ “Puppet kick”... (meh) ➡ MCollective (Marionette Collective) 43 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Which systems running a database and have 16GB or

less? ➡ Which systems are using <50% of available memory? ➡ Restart all apache services in timezone GMT+5. 44 woensdag 23 mei 12

ACTIVEMQ Client MCollective Server Node Middleware Client MCollective Server MCollective

Server ‣ Middleware takes care of distribution, ‣ queued, broadcast etc.. Collective 45 woensdag 23 mei 12

http://docs.puppetlabs.com/mcollective/reference/basic/subcollectives.html 46 woensdag 23 mei 12

Filter out nodes based on facts $ mc-facts operatingsystem Report

for fact: operatingsystem CentOS found 3 times Debian found 14 times Solaris found 4 times $ mc-facts -W operatingsystem=Centos operatingsystemrelease Report for fact: operatingsystemrelease 6.0 found 1 times 5.6 found 2 times 47 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Display all running processes ➡ Run or deploy software

➡ Restart services ➡ Start puppet agent ➡ Upgrade your systems ➡ Write your own agents! 48 woensdag 23 mei 12

-ETOOMUCHINFO Let’s recap 49 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Configuration management tool. ➡ Focusses on “what” instead of

“how”. ➡ Scales from 1 to 100K+ systems. ➡ Uses descriptive manifests. ➡ Vagrant for setting up your development environments. 50 woensdag 23 mei 12

➡ Useful for sysadmins and developers. ➡ Keeps your infrastructure

in sync. ➡ Keeps your infrastructure versioned. ➡ Infrastructure as part of your projects. ➡ MCollective controls your hosts based on facts, not names. 51 woensdag 23 mei 12

There is no reason NOT to manage your infrastructure. Having

only 3 servers is NOT a reason. 52 You will be able to join the rest of us in the pub early. Don’t “install” development environments, build them! woensdag 23 mei 12

http://farm1.static.flickr.com/73/163450213_18478d3aa6_d.jpg 53 woensdag 23 mei 12

Please rate my talk on joind.in: http://joind.in/6515 Thank you 54

Find me on twitter: @jaytaph Find me for development and training: www.noxlogic.nl Find me on email: [email protected] Find me for blogs: www.adayinthelifeof.nl woensdag 23 mei 12