コロナ禍でのライブストリーミングの変化とテレビ放送の規格について

Fukuoka Video Tech Meetup #1
https://www.meetup.com/fukuoka-video-tech/events/278185662/

Transcript

1. ίϩφՒͰͷ

   ϥΠϒετϦʔϛϯάͷมԽͱ

   ςϨϏ์ૹͷن֨ʹ͍ͭͯ
   2021.06.19
   NAXAגࣜձࣾ

   ઎෦ ॡฏ
   

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2. ࣗݾ঺հ
   ઎෦ ॡฏ
   • NAXAגࣜձࣾ ୅දऔక໾ࣾ௕
   • ܦӦͱӦۀͱιϑτ΢ΣΞΤϯδ
   χΞͱݚڀ։ൃΛߦͳ͍ͬͯΔ
   • ࠷ۙ͸ Unikernel ʹڵຯΛ࣋ͪ࢝
   Ί͍ͯΔ
   • ޷͖ͳԻ͸Fraunhofer FDK AACɺ
   ݏ͍ͳԻ͸FFmpeg AAC Encoder
   

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3. དྷि͜͜Ͱ΋࿩͠·͢
   

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4. ίϩφʹΑΔੜ׆ͷେ͖ͳมԽ
   1.
   

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5. w ৽ܕίϩφ΢ΠϧεͷຮԆʹΑΓɺࢲͨͪͷੜ׆͸େ෯ʹ
   มԽ͠·ͨ͠
   w ࠓ·Ͱର໘Ͱͷଧͪ߹Θ͕ͤϦϞʔτલఏʹͳΓɺΦϑΟ
   ε΋ͳͦ͘͏ͱ͍͏औΓ૊Έ͕૿͍͑ͯ·͢
   ίϩφʹΑΔੜ׆ͷେ͖ͳมԽ
   

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6. w ࢲͷձࣾͰ΋ɺΦϑΟε͸͋Δ΋ͷͷɺجຊతʹ͸ग़ࣾͤ
   ͣʹࡏ୐Ͱۈ຿͍ͯ͠·͢
   w ͨͩɺࡏ୐ͷ৔߹͸ɺେมͳ͜ͱ΋ଟʑ͋Γ·͢
   ίϩφʹΑΔੜ׆ͷେ͖ͳมԽ
   

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7. ίϩφʹΑΔੜ׆ͷେ͖ͳมԽ
   w ྫ͑͹ɺ&MFNFOUBM-JWFΛྡʹஔ͍ͯݕূ͕೉͍͠😢
   

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8. ίϩφʹΑΔੜ׆ͷେ͖ͳมԽ
   w ॳ୅ͱ࠷৽ੈ୅͕஥ྑ͘ಉډʂ
   w ࣨԹ౓͘Β͍ͷੈք͔Βۭ
   ྫྷͷੈք΁ʂ
   

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9. ೔ຊͷϥΠϒ഑৴ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͷมԽ
   2.
   

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10. w ίϩφՒҎલ͔ΒɺϥΠϒ഑৴ͷधཁ͸ߴ·͍ͬͯ·ͨ͠
    w ͔͠͠ɺ༗؍٬ͷެԋ͕੓෎ࢦࣔͰ։࠵ෆՄೳʹͳͬͯ͠
    ·ͬͨࠓɺແ؍٬ͰͷϥΠϒ഑৴Λͤ͟Δಘͳ͍ঢ়گʹͳ
    Γ·ͨ͠
    ϥΠϒ഑৴ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ͕ന೤
    

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11. w ͜ͷ೥Ͱɺࢢ৔Ձ஋͸େ෯ʹ্͕Γ·ͨ͠
    w ࠓޙ΋ࢢ৔ن໛͸େ͖֦͘େ͢ΔͱࢥΘΕ
    ·͕͢ɺίϩφऴᖼޙʹࠓޙΤϯλʔςΠ
    ϝϯτ͕Ͳ͏ͳ͍ͬͯ͘ͷ͔͸·ͩ෼͔Γ
    ·ͤΜ
    ϥΠϒ഑৴ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ͕ന೤
    ಈը഑৴ࢢ৔ௐࠪϨϙʔτ %"$+
    ΑΓҾ༻
    IUUQTQSUJNFTKQNBJOIUNMSEQIUNM
    

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12. w ϥΠϒ഑৴ʹ͸ଟ͘ͷ՝୊͕͋Γ·͢
    w ౦ژ౎ͷௐࠪʹΑΔͱɺݟ͍ͯͳ͍ਓ
    ͕ɺݟ͍ͯΔਓͷ͏ͪɺ1$Ͱ
    ͷࢹௌ͕ͱͳΓ·ͨ͠
    w ϞόΠϧ୺຤ͰͷࢹௌΑΓ΋1$͕ଟ
    ͍ͷ͸ͱͯ΋ڵຯਂ͍ͱࢥ͍·͢
    ϥΠϒ഑৴ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ͕ന೤
    ౦ژ౎৽ܕίϩφ΢Πϧεײછ঱ʹ൐͏ϗʔϧɾܶ৔౳ͷؑ৆ऀҙࣝௐࠪ݁Ռʢ଎ใ൛ʣΑΓҾ༻
    IUUQTNFUSPUPLZPMHKQUPTFJIPEPIBQQZPQSFTTEPDVNFOUTQEG
    

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13. τϥϑΟοΫਪҠʹ͍ͭͯ
    3.
    

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14. τϥϑΟοΫͷਪҠ
    +1/"1શମͷτϥϑΟοΫ ೥݄೔ݱࡏʣΑΓҾ༻
    IUUQTXXXKQOBQOFUJYUSB
    ff i
    DIUNM
    +1*9ट౎ݍτϥώοΫ ೥݄೔ݱࡏʣΑΓҾ༻
    IUUQTXXXKQJYBEKQKQUFDIOJDBM@USB
    ff i
    DQIQ
    w ओཁ*9ͷ೥ؒτϥϑΟοΫਪҠΛݟ͍ͯΔͱɺ͔ͳΓ૿େ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕෼͔Γ·͢
    

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15. τϥϑΟοΫͷਪҠ
    ૯຿লɹզ͕ࠃͷΠϯλʔωοτʹ͓͚ΔτϥώοΫͷूܭɾࢼࢉʢ೥݄෼ͷूܭ݁ՌʣΑΓҾ༻
    IUUQTXXXTPVNVHPKQNFOV@OFXTTOFXTLJCBO@IUNM
    

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16. τϥϑΟοΫͷਪҠ
    ૯຿লɹզ͕ࠃͷΠϯλʔωοτʹ͓͚ΔτϥώοΫͷूܭɾࢼࢉʢ೥݄෼ͷूܭ݁ՌʣΑΓҾ༻
    IUUQTXXXTPVNVHPKQNFOV@OFXTTOFXTLJCBO@IUNM
    

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17. w ίϩφҎલʹൺ΂ΔͱɺτϥϑΟοΫྔ͸͔ͳΓ૿͍͑ͯΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Γ·͢
    w ΢Σϒձٞͷྲྀߦ΍ɺࡏ୐ϫʔΫ͕ϝΠϯʹͳͬͨࠓɺࢲͨͪͷੜ׆ʹ͸Πϯλʔωοτ͸
    ͔ܽͤͳ͍ଘࡏͰ͢
    w ಈըͷੈքͰ͸ɺ:PV5VCF͕"7Λαϙʔτ࢝ΊͨΓɺ"QQMF͕71ͷϋʔυ΢ΣΞσ
    ίʔσΟϯάΛαϙʔτͨ͠Γɺѹॖٕज़͸೥ʑਐาΛ਱͍͛ͯ·͕͢ɺѹॖٕज़ͷਐาͱ
    ͱ΋ʹ,ίϯςϯπ͕૿͑ͨΓɺԻָͷϩεϨε഑৴͕૿͑ͨΓɺσʔλαΠζͱͯ͠͸େ
    ͖͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔҹ৅Ͱ͢
    τϥϑΟοΫͷਪҠ
    

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18. ์ૹͷIPԽʹ͍ͭͯ
    4.
    

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19. w ैདྷͷσδλϧ์ૹͱͯ͠ɺ஍্σδλϧ์ૹɺ#4σδλϧ์ૹɺ౓$4σδλϧ์ૹ
    ͷ͕ͭ͋Γ·͢
    w ͦΕʹ߹Θͤͯɺ೥ΑΓελʔτͨ͠#4,ɺ౓$4,ɺ#4,ɺ͜ΕΒΛ߹Θͤͯ
    ৽,,Ӵ੕์ૹͱݺͿ͜ͱ΋͋Γ·͢ "1"#༻ޠ
    
    ೔ຊͷσδλϧ์ૹ
    

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20. w ೥ʹ#4σδλϧ์ૹ͕։࢝͞Εɺͦͷ೥ޙʹ஍্೾σδλϧ์ૹ͸։࢝͞Ε·ͨ͠
    w ೥݄೔ʹ͸Ξφϩά์ૹΛऴྃ͠ɺ׬શʹ஍্೾σδλϧ์ૹ΁ͱ੾ΓସΘΓ·
    ͨ͠
    w ஍্೾σδλϧ์ૹ͸J YJ·ͨ͸YJ
    ͷ౰࣌͸ߴղ૾౓ͩͬͨͷ
    Ͱ͕͢ɺ೥ݱࡏͰ͸ɺQ഑৴΍Q഑৴͕ओྲྀͱͳΓɺ஍্͸σδλϧ์ૹͷ
    ن֨͸ϨΨγʔʹͳΓͭͭ͋Γ·͢
    w #4σδλϧ์ૹͰ͸ɺશͯJ YJ
    Ͱ͢
    ஍্೾σδλϧ์ૹ / BSσδλϧ์ૹ
    

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21. w ஍্͸σδλϧ์ૹͰ͸ɺ6)'ଳͷ.)[͔Β.)[ΛDIʹ෼͚ɺDI .)[
    ͕ηάϝϯτʹ෼
    ͔Ε͍ͯ·͢
    w ͦͷ͏ͪɺηάϝϯτΛϑϧηά )%57
    ʹ࢖͍ɺηάϝϯτΛҠಈػثͷͨΊʹඪ४ը࣭์ૹͱͯ͠࢖
    ΘΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻ͜ΕΛϫϯηάͱݴ͍·͢ɻ
    w ϫϯηά͸ɺYͷ27("Ͱ์ө͞Ε͓ͯΓɺྺ࢙తࣄ৘Ͱ)"7$͕࢖ΘΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻ
    w ϏοτϨʔτ͸࠷େLCQTʢͦͷ͏ͪେ·͔ʹಈը͕LCQTɺԻ੠͕CQT΄Ͳʣ
    w ϑϨʔϜϨʔτ͸GQT
    w ͨͩɺۙ೥ΧʔφϏήʔγϣϯͳͲͷҠಈ୺຤ʹ͓͍ͯɺड৴ޮ཰΍෮ௐͷԋࢉೳྗ޲্ʹΑΓϑϧηάͰड
    ৴Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͘ͳΓ·ͨ͠
    ϫϯηά
    

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22. w $4σδλϧ์ૹ͸ɺεΧύʔ+4"5גࣜձ͕ࣾӡӦ͍ͯ͠ΔεΧύʔʂͱݺ͹ΕΔαʔϏε
    ʹΑΓఏڙ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢
    w εΧύʔ͸Ӵ੕جװ์ૹہͱݺ͹Εɺి೾๏ʹΑΓӴ੕์ૹʹରͯ͠໔ڐ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢
    w εΧύʔ͸ຽؒओମͱ͍͏͜ͱ΋͋Γɺ$4σδλϧ์ૹ͸#4σδλϧ์ૹͱൺ΂ɺҧ͏෦
    ෼͕͍͔ͭ͋͘Γ·͢
    w ྫ͑͹ɺ஍্ɾ#4σδλϧ์ૹ͕*4%#ͱݺ͹ΕΔ/),͕த৺ͱͳͬͯ։ൃͨ͠ํࣜʹର
    ͠ɺ%7#ͱݺ͹ΕΔࠃࡍن֨Λ࠾༻͍ͯ͠·͢
    CSσδλϧ์ૹ
    

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23. w εΧύʔʹ͸ɺ౦ܦ౓ʹҐஔ͍ͯ͠Δ௨৴Ӵ੕Λ࢖͍·͢ɻ͜ͷ౓͸ɺ#4σδλϧ์ૹͰ༻͍ΒΕΔ
    Ӵ੕ͱܦ౓͕ಉ͡Ͱ͢
    w ରͯ͠ɺεΧύʔʂϓϨϛΞϜαʔϏεͰ͸ɺ౦ܦ౓ٴͼ౓ʹҐஔ͠·͢ʢ΋ͱ΋ͱ౓Ͱӡ༻͠
    ͍ͯͨ೔ຊσδλϧ์ૹαʔϏεͷ1FSGFD57ͱ౓Ͱӡ༻͍ͯͨ͠+εΧΠ#ͷ4,:͕౷߹ͨͨ͠Ί
    
    w ·ͨɺεΧύʔ͸౰ॳ.1&(ϕʔεͷ*4%#4%7#4Λ࢖͍ͬͯ·͕ͨ͠ɺ೥ʹ͸)ϕʔεͷ
    %7#4ʹ׬શҠߦ͠·ͨ͠
    w #4σδλϧ์ૹͱൺ΂Δͱɺө૾ූ߸Խʹ)Λ࠾༻͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɺѹॖޮ཰͕Α͘ɺը࣭΋ྑ͍ͱݴΘΕ
    ͍ͯ·͢ɻεΧύʔʂ,Ͱ͸))&7$͕࠾༻͞Ε͍ͯ·͢
    εΧύʔͷछྨ
    

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24. w ैདྷɺ೔ຊͷӴ੕์ૹͰ͸ӈટ͕࢖ΘΕ͍ͯ·ͨ͠ɻӈટͱ͸ɺӈટԁภ೾ͷ͜ͱͰɺӴ੕͔Βൃࣹ͞ΕΔి
    ೾ͷճΓํ͕ӈճΓͷ͜ͱΛ͍͍·͢
    w ͦΕʹରͯ͠ɺ൓ରଆͷࠨճΓΛࠨટͱ͍͍·͕͢ɺ#4,΍$4,Ͱ͸ࠨટ΋࢖ΘΕ͍ͯ·͢
    w ӈટ͸ɺ#4σδλϧ์ૹ΍$4σδλϧ์ૹͰप೾਺ଳҬͷۭ͖͕ͳ͘ͳͬͨͨΊɺࠨટ͕࢖ΘΕΔΑ͏ʹͳ
    Γ·ͨ͠
    w ͳ͓ɺࠨટʹରԠ͢Δʹ͸ड৴ػͷ΄͔ɺΞϯςφ΋ରԠ͕ඞཁͰ͢
    ӈટͱࠨટʹ͍ͭͯ
    1032 1489 1595 2071 2224 2681 2748 3224
    BS(ӈટ) 110౓CS(ӈટ) BS4K(ࠨટ) 110౓CS4K(ࠨટ)
    124౓ɺ128౓CS(ӈટ)
    (MHz)
    

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25. ISDB-T / ISDB-S / ISDB-S3ͱ֤छൺֱ
    ์ૹํࣜ
    
    
    ISDB-T(஍σδ) ISDB-S(BS) ISDB-S3(BS4K)
    มௐํࣜ
    
    
    64QAM(12 Seg) TC8PSK 16APSK
    ఻ૹଳҬ෯ 6MHz 34.5MHz 34.5MHz
    ޡΓగਖ਼ූ߸
    ϦʔυιϩϞϯ(֎ූ
    ߸)ɺ৞ࠐΈ(಺ූ߸)
    ϦʔυιϩϞϯ(֎ූ
    ߸)ɺ৞ࠐΈ(಺ූ߸)
    BCH(֎ූ߸)ɺ
    LDPC(಺ූ߸)
    1தܧػ͋ͨΓͷϏ
    οτϨʔτ
    23Mbps 52Mbps 99Mbps
    ଟॏԽํࣜ MPEG2 TS MPEG2 TS MMTɾTLV
    ө૾ූ߸Խํࣜ MPEG2-Video
    MPEG2-Video / H.264
    AVC
    H.265 HEVC
    Ի੠ූ߸Խํࣜ MPEG-2AAC
    MPEG2-AAC / MPEG-2
    Audio BC
    MPEG
    -​
    4 AAC / MPEG-4
    ALS
    

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26. w ..5ͱ͸ɺ.1&(.FEJB5SBOTQPSUͷུশͰɺैདྷͷτϥϯεϙʔτํࣜͰ͋Δ.1&(
    54ͷޙܧن֨Ͱ͢
    w ..5͸ɺ͞·͟·ͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹରԠͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹܾΊΒΕͨن֨Ͱɺશͯ*1Ͱૹ
    Δ࢓૊ΈͰ͢ɻ͜ΕʹΑΓ์ૹͱ௨৴Λͭͷϓϩτίϧʹू໿͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢
    w ..5͸.1&(54ͱൺ΂ͯɺଟ͘ͷ఺Ͱ༏Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻྫ͑͹ɺύέοταΠζ͕Մมௐ
    Ͱ͋ͬͨΓɺ'SBHNFOUFE.1ͷΑ͏ʹө૾Λϑϥάϝϯτͱͯ͠ѻ͑Δ.'6΍ɺ.1&(
    54Ͱࢄʑ೰·͞Εͨ4ZTUFN5JNF$MPDL໰୊͕ɺ..5Ͱ͸65$Ͱ౉ͤΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ
    ͷͰਖ਼֬ͳ࣌ؒಉظ͕ՄೳʹͳΓ·ͨ͠
    MMTʹ͍ͭͯ
    

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27. MMTͷϓϩτίϧελοΫ
    ө૾ɾԻ੠ɾσʔλ
    GFD
    

    (Generic File Delivery)
    MFU
    MPU (Media Processing Unit)
    MMT γάφϦϯά
    

    (੍ޚϝοηʔδ)
    MMTPϖΠϩʔυ(AL-FEC)
    MMTPύέοτ
    MFU MFU MFU
    MMTͰ͸ɺϑΝΠϧ
    ఻ૹ΋ՄೳͰ͋Δ(MFU/MPUʹΧ
    ϓηϦϯάԽ͞ΕΔ)
    ޡΓగਖ਼ʹΑΓ඼࣭Λ֬อʂ
    

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28. ଞͷϓϩτίϧͱͷൺֱ
    MFU/MPU
    MMT Payload
    MMT Packet
    PES / Section
    TS Payload
    TS Packet
    RTP Payload
    RTP Packet
    MMT MPEG2 TS RTP
    

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29. ์ૹ఻ૹ࿏ͷϨΠϠʔϞσϧ
    TMCC
    NTP
    ө૾
    HEVC
    Ի੠
    AAC, ALS
    ࣈນ
    ࣈນූ߸Խ
    MMT-
    SI
    ΞϓϦ(EPG)
    HTML 5
    ίϯςϯπ
    
    
    μ΢ϯϩʔυ
    MMT σʔλ఻ૹํࣜ
    UDP/IP
    TLV
    ์ૹ
    ड৴ػͷϑΝʔϜ΢Σ
    Ξ(ΤϯδχΞϦϯάαʔ
    Ϗε)ͳͲ͸MMTΛ࢖Θͣ
    ௚઀IPͰ఻ૹ͢Δ
    

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30. ௨৴ճઢͷϨΠϠʔϞσϧ
    NTP
    ө૾
    HEVC
    Ի੠
    AAC, ALS
    ࣈນ
    ࣈນූ߸Խ
    MMT-
    SI
    ΞϓϦ(EPG)
    HTML 5
    ίϯςϯπ
    
    
    μ΢ϯϩʔυ
    MMT σʔλ఻ૹ
    UDP/IP, TCP/IP
    ௨৴
    HTTP
    UDP/IP TCP/IP
    

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31. w 5-7ͱ͸ɺ5ZQF-FOHUI7BMVFͱ͍͏ϑΥʔϚοτͷҰछͰ͢ɻϓϩτίϧͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
    w 5-7͸਎ۙͳͱ͜Ζͩͱɺ5-4΍44)ɺ*4*4ʢϧʔςΟϯάϓϩτίϧ
    ΍3"%*64ͳͲɺωοτϫʔ
    ΫͷੈքͰ͸ଟ͘࢖ΘΕ͍ͯ·͢
    w ࠓճ͸5-7Λ࢖ͬͯՄม௕ύέοτΛ࣮ݱ͍ͯ͠·͢
    TLVʹ͍ͭͯ
    Type Length Value
    4Bytes 4Bytes Variable Bytes
    

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32. w ..5Λ5-7Λ࢖͍ɺՄม௕ύέοτʹ͠ɺͦΕΛଟॏԽͨ͠΋ͷΛ5-7ετϦʔϜͱ͍͍·
    ͢ʢి೾Ͱ͸ɺݶΓ͋ΔࢿݯΛ༗ޮ׆༻͢ΔͨΊͷ༷ʑͳ৴߸Λॏ৞ͯ͠ૹΔඞཁ͕͋Γɺ
    ͜ΕΛଟॏԽͱݺͿʣ
    w 5-7ετϦʔϜ͸#ZUFTͷݻఆ௕Ͱ෼ׂ͞Εɺ఻ૹ͞ΕΔɻ͜ΕΛ෼ׂ5-7ύέοτͱ
    ͍͍·͢
    w 5-7ύέοτͰ఻ૹ͢Δࡍʹɺมௐप೾਺΍બہʹඞཁͳ৘ใΛૹΔͷʹ5-7/*5 5-7
    /FUXPSL*OGPSNBUJPO5BCMF
    ͕࢖ΘΕ·͢
    TLVετϦʔϜʹ͍ͭͯ
    

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33. w ͜͏ͯ͠ଟॏԽʹΑΓѻ͍΍͘͢ɺ·ͨ์ૹͱ௨৴Λͭʹѻ͏ͨΊʹ..55-7͸஀ੜ͠
    ·ͨ͠
    w 5-7Λ࢖͏͜ͱͰɺ৭ʑͳσʔλΛɺ5ZQF͝ͱʹ࢖͍෼͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢
    w ͜ͷٕज़ΛԠ༻ͯ͠.1&(54PWFS..5΋ݱࡏ࢓༷ͱͯ͋͠Γ·͢
    w ͞Βʹ..5͸$."'ͱ਌࿨ੑ͕͔ͳΓߴ͍ͷͰɺݱࡏ$."'ରԠ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍͔ݚڀ͕ਐΊ
    ΒΕ͓ͯΓ·͢
    MMT/TLVʹ͍ͭͯ
    

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34. w ݱࡏɺ૯຿লͰ͸ɺ࣍ੈ୅஍্೾σδλϧ์ૹͷಈ͖͕׆ൃͱͳ͓ͬͯΓɺ"7΍77$΍
    &7$ͱ͍ͬͨίʔσοΫͷௐࠪͳͲ͕ߦΘΕ͓ͯΓ·͢
    w ઌ΄Ͳઆ໌ͨ͠..55-7΋ࠓޙ࢖ΘΕΔՄೳੑ͸ඇৗʹߴ͘ɺ*4%#5ͷޙܧͱͳΔ΋ͷ
    ͕͍ͭ஀ੜ͢Δͷ͔଴ͪԕ͍͠Ͱ͢
    ࣍ੈ୅஍্೾σδλϧ์ૹʹ͍ͭͯ
    

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35. Thank you
    

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