Hackで作るマイクロフレームワーク

For PHPerKaigi 2018
PHPからHackへ移行するときに気をつけるもの
PHPのライブラリを使ってフレームワークなどを作るにはどうしたらいいか、という内容です

Transcript

1. HackͰ࡞Δ
   ϚΠΫϩϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ
   yuuki takezawa (ytake)
   PHPerKaigi 2018
   

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2. Profile
   • ஛ᖒ ༗و / ytake
   • גࣜձࣾΞΠελΠϧ
   • PHP, Hack, Go, Scala
   • Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, Apache Kafka

   • twitter https://twitter.com/ex_takezawa
   • facebook https://www.facebook.com/yuuki.takezawa
   • github https://github.com/ytake
   

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3. author
   

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6. ͸ͳ͢͜ͱ
   • ։ൃ͢ΔͨΊͷ஌ࣝ 

   .hhconfigɺdecl / strictɺhhi
   • ڧྗͳϥΠϒϥϦ

   hhvm/hhvm-autoloadɺhhvm/hack-router
   • PHPϥΠϒϥϦͱͷޓ׵Λอͭ։ൃ
   

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7. ։ൃ͢ΔͨΊͷ஌ࣝ
   

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8. • PHPͷίʔυ͸جຊతʹͦͷ··࣮ߦՄೳ
   • ݫ֨ͳType Checker
   • AsyncɺXHPɺGenericsɺCollections
   • 3.24 LTS (2018/03/10 ݱࡏ)
   • HHVM͸ɺPHPͱHack྆ํΛαϙʔτ͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ
   ͘ɺHackΛର৅ͱ͍ͯ͘͠
   *Forget PHP! Facebook’s HHVM engine switches to Hack instead
   https://www.infoworld.com/article/3226489/web-development/forget-php-facebooks-hhvm-engine-switches-to-hack-instead.html ࢀর
   

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9. • Ϟʔυ͸3ͭ Partial / Strict / Decl 

   • σϑΥϧτͰ͸Partial
   

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10. • PHPͷܕએݴ strictͱಉఔ౓
    • ඞཁҎ্ʹܕνΣοΫ͸͠ͳ͍
    • ओʹPHPͷίʔυΛ Hackͱ࣮ͯ͠ߦ͢Δ

    ίʔυҠ২தͷϑΝΠϧ౳Ͱར༻
    • ࢀর౉͠ ར༻Մೳ
    

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11. • • ܕνΣοΫ͸͠ͳ͍
    • ଞͷίʔυνΣοΫ࣌ʹ͸ࢀর͞ΕΔ
    • New Hack code should never be written 

    in decl mode
    

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12. • • PHPґଘ͕ͳ͘ɺ100% HackͰ࣮૷͢Δ৔߹ʹબ୒
    • ݫ֨ͳܕνΣοΫΛߦ͏ϞʔυͷͨΊɺ

    ίʔυϨϏϡʔ࣌ͷܕએݴʹ͍ͭͯͷٞ࿦͸ͳ͠
    • ૝ఆ֎ͷܕม׵ͳͲ͸ߦΘΕͳ͍ͨΊɺ

    ϨϏϡʔ͸ΫϥεઃܭɾΞʔΩςΫνϟͳͲʹ

    ϑΥʔΧεͰ͖Δ
    • Type Checkerʹڭ͑ΔͨΊͷίʔυʹ
    

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13. • ࠷΋ݫ֨ͳϞʔυͷͨΊɺ

    PHPϥΠϒϥϦΛ࢖͏ίʔυͰ͸ܕએݴΤϥʔൃੜ

    => hhiϑΝΠϧΛ࡞੒(ޙड़)
    • __invokeͷѻ͍͕PHPͱҟͳΔͨΊܕΤϥʔൃੜ

    => strictͰ__invokeͰॲཧ͢Δϛυϧ΢ΣΞ(ඇPSR-15)

    ΛऔΓೖΕΔ৔߹͸஫ҙ

    • HackͰ࣮૷͢ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹StrictΛج४ʹɺ

    Ұ෦͚ͩPartial͕ϕετ
    

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14. • PHPͰ͸ callableͰܕએݴ͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷ͸Closureɺ

    ·ͨ͸__invokeϝιουΛ࣋ͭΫϥεͰ͋Ε͹ྑ͍

    • HackͰ͸callableͰ͸ͳ͘ɺແ໊ؔ਺ͷҾ਺΋ܕએݴ

    __invoke͸callableѻ͍Ͱ͸ͳ͍

    -> PHPͷ __invoke Λ࣮૷͢Δϛυϧ΢ΣΞܥΛ

    ͦͷ··strictͰҠ২͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍

    • inst_meth ͱ͍͏બ୒ࢶ
    

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15. class Example {
    public function foo(T $t): T {
    return $t;
    }
    }
    inst_meth(new Example(), ‘foo’);
    Must be a constant string.
    

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16. hhi
    

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17. • TypeScript, flowͱಉ༷ͳܕఆٛϑΝΠϧ
    • ୯ମͰ͸࣮ߦͰ͖ͳ͍
    • ܕఆٛϑΝΠϧΛ࡞Δ͜ͱͰɺܕએݴΛߦ͍ɺ

    ݫ֨ϞʔυͰ࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Մೳ

    • ࢖͍͍ͨPHPͷίʔυ΋ิ׬ͯ͠΄͍͠ʂʂ

    ͱ͍͏ํ͸࡞੒ͯ͠packagistͰެ։͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ʂ
    

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18. packagistʹ͋ΔhhiϑΝΠϧͨͪ
    • hack-psr/psr7-http-message-hhi
    • 91carriage/phpunit-hhi
    • ytake/psr-http-handlers-hhi
    • ytake/psr-container-hhi
    • libreworks/psr3-log-hhi

    • HackରԠϥΠϒϥϦ։ൃऀ͕࢖͏΋ͷఔ౓͔͋͠Γ·
    ͤΜ
    • nikic/fast-route ʹ΋ؚ·Ε͍ͯ·͢
    

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19. PSR For Hack
    • https://github.com/facebookexperimental/hack-http-
    request-response-interfaces
    • This project aims to create standard request and
    response interfaces for Hack, using PSR-7 as a starting
    point.

    

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20. hhi
    PSR-11 Container Interface : Example
    

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21. namespace Psr\Container;
    interface ContainerInterface
    {
    public function get(string $id): mixed;
    public function has(string $id): bool;
    }
    ໭ΓͷܕએݴΛ௥Ճ͚ͨͩ͠
    

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22. .hhconfig
    

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23. • HackͰ࣮ߦ؀ڥʹઃஔ͢ΔϑΝΠϧ
    • ࣮͸༷ʑͳઃఆΛهड़Ͱ͖Δ
    • PHPར༻Λ૝ఆ͠ͳ͍(PHPࠞࡏෆՄ) 

    assume_php = false(default: true)
    • Type Checker Ұ෦ແࢹ

    ignored_paths = [ "vendor/hhvm/hhast/.+" ]
    

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24. ڧྗͳϥΠϒϥϦ
    

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25. hhvm/hhvm-autoload
    

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26. • HHVM؀ڥઐ༻ͷComposer Plugin

    A Composer plugin for autoloading classes, enums,
    functions, typedefs, and constants on HHVM.
    • vendor/autoload.php Λ vendor/hh_autoload.php ʹ
    • hh_autoload.jsonΛઃஔ
    

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27. • લड़ͨ͠hhiϑΝΠϧͳͲΛvendorσΟϨΫτϦ͔Β

    ݟ͚ͭग़͠ɺTypeCheckerରԠ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ

    Nuclide, VSCͷิ׬ͱͯ͠΋࡞༻

    • HackͰ࣮૷͢Δ৔߹͸ඞͣೖΕ͓͖ͯ·͠ΐ͏
    

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28. • php7ґଘͷ΋ͷ͸iniϑΝΠϧ͔ίϚϯυͰղܾ

    hhvm -d xdebug.enable=0 -d hhvm.jit=0 -d
    hhvm.php7.all=1\ 

    -d hhvm.hack.lang.auto_typecheck=0 \

    $(which composer) require vendor/package

    

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29. Zend Expressive with HHVM/Hack
    

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30. • HHVM/HackͰ΋ɺԿ΋ؾʹͤͣར༻Մೳ
    • Zend ServiceManager + HHVM/HackͰ࣮૷ɾՔಇ

    • PHPײ֮ͰखܰʹHHVM/HackΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ։ൃ
    ͢Δ৔߹ʹΦεεϝ
    

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31. = 2.0
    • zend-config-aggregator ͷҰ෦ͷίʔυ͕ಈ࡞ͤͣ

    __invoke, yield͕ಈ͔ͣ (Generator)

    • fast-routeͷhhi͕ϝϯς͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ͨΊType Error

    PHPͱͷ෼཭͕ਐΉͨΊPRͤͣ

    • ಈ͔ͳ͍෦෼Λ

    Hack࣮૷ͷϥΠϒϥϦͱೖΕସ͑Δ͜ͱʹ
    

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32. • PHPϥΠϒϥϦͷ࣮૷Λؾʹ͢Δͷ͸ɾɾɾ

    • PHPฒΈʹίʔυิ׬͕Ͱ͖ɺ

    HackͳΒͰ͸ͷ࣮૷Λ͢Δʹ͸HackͰ࡞Δ͔͠ͳ͍
    

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33. hhvm/hack-router
    

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34. • PSR-7ରԠͷHackઐ༻RouterϥΠϒϥϦ

    • Ҏલ͸fast-route֦ு͕ͩͬͨআ֎

    • GenericsΛ࢖͍ɺ

    Routerͷ࣮૷Λ஌Βͣʹར༻Ͱ͖ΔϥΠϒϥϦ

    • PHPαϙʔτΛ΍ΊΔ͜ͱʹ͋ͨΓɺ

    ͜ͷϥΠϒϥϦϕʔεʹҠߦ
    

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35. type TResponder = ImmVector>;
    final class Router extends BaseRouter {
    

    <<__Override>>
    protected function getRoutes(
    ): ImmMap> {
    $i = $this->routeMap->getIterator();
    $map = [];
    while ($i->valid()) {
    $map[$this->convertHttpMethod($i->key())] = $i->current();
    $i->next();
    }
    return new ImmMap($map);
    }
    ࢦఆͨ͠ΫϥεɺIFΛܧঝɺ࣮૷ͨ͠Ϋϥε໊એݴ
    Routerʹ֨ೲ͠ɺϚον࣌ʹTResponderΛฦ٫
    

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36. ytake/hh-container
    

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37. • PHPϥΠϒϥϦΛ࢖͍ଓ͚Δҙຯ΋͋·Γͳ͍ͨΊɺ

    Hackઐ༻ͷPimpleϥΠΫͳίϯςφΛ։ൃ

    • PSR-11 hhiΛ༻ҙ͠ɺHackͰ࣮૷

    • HackͳΒͰ͸ͷํ๏ͰSingleton͸ <<__Memoize>>

    • Πϯελϯεղܾํ๏ఆٛ͸ࣗ༝
    

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38. public function set(
    string $id,
    (function(FactoryContainer): mixed) $callback,
    Scope $scope = Scope::PROTOTYPE,
    ): void {
    if (!$this->locked) {
    $this->bindings->add(Pair {$id, $callback});
    $this->scopes->add(Pair {$id, $scope});
    }
    }
    Closure Type
    enums
    Map
    

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39. use Ytake\HHContainer\FactoryContainer;
    $container = new FactoryContainer();
    $container->set(
    MessageClass::class,
    $container ==> new MessageClass(‘testing')
    );

    $container->parameters(
    MessageClient::class,
    'message',
    $container ==> $container->get(‘message.class’)
    );
    $instance = $container->get(MessageClient::class);
    Lambda
    PSR-11࣮૷
    

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40. final class TestingInvokable {
    public function __invoke(FactoryContainer $container): int {
    return 1;
    }
    }
    $container = new \Ytake\HHContainer\FactoryContainer();
    $container->set(TestingInvokable::class, $container ==>
    $container->callable(
    new \Ytake\HHContainer\Invokable(
    new TestingInvokable(), '__invoke', $container
    )
    )
    );
    Zend ServiceManager Factory෩
    Πϯελϯεੜ੒࣌ʹ࣮ߦ͢Δ
    

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41. • Zend ServiceManagerޓ׵Λ໨ࢦͨ͠ϥΠτ൛

    • Zend ExpressiveରԠͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɺ

    ಈతϝιουίʔϧ͸ਪ঑͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ͨΊɺ

    Type Error
    • /* UNSAFE_EXPR */
    

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42. ໽հͳmixed
    PSR-11ͷྫ(strict)
    

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43. namespace Psr\Container;
    interface ContainerInterface
    {
    public function get(string $id): mixed;
    public function has(string $id): bool;
    }
    PSR-11 get (): mixed
    

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44. $container = require 'config/services.php';
    $app = $container->get('Zend\Expressive\Application');
    mixedͳͨΊɺԿ͕ฦ٫͞ΕΔ͔Θ͔Βͳ͍
    

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45. $config = $container->get('config_array');
    if (is_array($config)) {
    if (array_key_exists('config_array', $config)) {
    return $config['config_array'];
    }
    }
    arrayͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛࣔ͢
    

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46. $logger = $container->get(‘LoggerInterface');
    invariant(
    $logger instanceof LoggerInterface,
    "Interface '\Psr\Log\LoggerInterface' is not implemented by this class",
    );
    invariant͸HackͰ༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔؔ਺
    ୈҰҾ਺ͷ৚͕݅falseͷ৔߹ʹType Error
    

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47. class TypeAssert {
    const type Tk = LoggerInterface;
    public static function assert(Tk $t): this::Tk {
    invariant(
    $logger instanceof LoggerInterface,
    "Interface '\Psr\Log\LoggerInterface' is not implemented by this class",
    );
    return $t;
    }
    }
    

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48. • ༷ʑͳ஋͕ฦ٫͞ΕΔͨΊɺmixed͸࢖͏΂͖Ͱ͸ͳ͍

    • PSRʹͩ͜ΘΔඞཁ΋ͳ͍

    (४ڌ͠ͳ͍͜ͱΛݕ౼த)

    • େن໛ͳ։ൃͳͲͰ͸ͳΔ΂͘Strict(ฐࣾஊ)

    

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49. Forget PHP! Facebook’s HHVM
    engine switches to Hack instead
    

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50. hhvm/type-assert
    

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51. use namespace Facebook\TypeAssert;
    class Foo {
    const type TAPIResponse = shape(
    'id' => int,
    'user' => string,
    'data' => shape(
    /* ... */
    ),
    );
    public static function getAPIResponse(): self::TAPIResponse {
    $json_string = file_get_contents('https://api.example.com');
    $array = json_decode($json_string, true);
    return TypeAssert\matches_type_structure(
    type_structure(self::class, 'TAPIResponse'),
    $array,
    );
    }
    }
    ShapeͰϑΟʔϧυࢦఆ
    ͍͋·͍ͳܕฦ٫APIΛݕࠪ
    

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52. RouterͱContainerɺ
    ؆୯ͳValidation͕͋Ε͹
    ࠷௿ݶͷಈ࡞͕Մೳʹ
    

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53. Dependency / Container
    Build Application
    Routing/Dispatcher
    Middleware
    

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54. type TResponder =
    ImmVector>;
    hack routerͷTResponder
    ϦΫΤετʹରԠ͢Δ΋ͷ͕ొ࿥͞ΕͯೖΕ͹ɺ
    TResponderͰࢦఆͨ͠ܕΛฦ٫͢Δ
    

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55. \Nazg\Http\HttpMethod::GET => ImmMap {
    '/' => ImmVector {App\Action\IndexAction::class},
    },
    GETʹରԠͤ͞ΔRouteΛهड़
    ‘/’ ʹΞΫηε࣌ʹىಈ͢Δϛυϧ΢ΣΞΛࢦఆ
    ImmVector>
    هड़ͨ͠௨Γʹ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ

    ActionΫϥε΋ಉΠϯλʔϑΣʔε࣮૷ͷͨΊ۠ผͳ͠
    

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56. public function run(ServerRequestInterface $serverRequest): void {
    $container = $this->getContainer();
    $this->bootstrap($container);
    $router = $container->get(BaseRouter::class);
    invariant(
    $router instanceof BaseRouter,
    "%s class must extend %s",
    get_class($router),
    BaseRouter::class,
    );
    list($middleware, $attributes) = $router->routePsr7Request($serverRequest);
    hack-routerܧঝΫϥεΛऔΓग़͠
    from PSR-7
    

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57. public function __construct(
    Traversable> $queue,
    ?Resolvable $resolver = null,
    ) {
    $this->queue = new Vector($queue);
    $this->resolver =
    (is_null($resolver)) ? new InstanceResolver() : $resolver;
    }
    public function shift(): MiddlewareInterface {
    $this->queue->reverse();
    $current = $this->queue->pop();
    return $this->resolver->resolve($current);
    }
    public function cancel(int $index): Vector> {
    return $this->queue->removeKey($index);
    }
    Collection (Vector)
    Vector ૢ࡞
    ҰͭͣͭऔΓग़࣮ͯ͠ߦ
    Vector ૢ࡞
    ࢦఆͨ͠ΠϯσοΫεͷΞΠςϜΛ࡟আ
    

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58. https://github.com/ytake/nazg-skeleton
    https://github.com/nazg-hack/framework
    

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59. • ࠷ۙͷPHPͱಉ༷ʹૄ݁߹ʹ
    • PSR-11, PSR-7, PSR-15Λར༻ͨͨ͠Ίɺ

    PHPͷϥΠϒϥϦ΋HackͰ࣮ߦՄೳͳ΋ͷ͸OK
    • router͸hack-routerҎ্ͷ΋ͷ͕ͳ͍ͨΊɺ

    hack-routerʹͷΈґଘ
    • PSR-7͸zend-diactorosΛσϑΥϧτʹ

    (Symfony Component 4Ҏ߱͸Hack ͸αϙʔτ͞Εͳ͍)
    

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60. • Request BodyͳͲͷValidationʹtype-assert

    • mixedΛέΞ͢Δ

    

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61. • Hack͔ͩΒԿ͔ಛผͳ΋ͷɺͱ͍͏ͷ͸ແ͍

    *ϥϯλΠϜӠʑ͸আ͘

    • όά͕গͳ͍ݎ࣮ͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ΁

    • ίʔυϨϏϡʔෛՙܰݮ
    • ΈΜͳ͕ࢥ͏΄Ͳ೉͘͠ͳ͍ʂ

    • PHPؾ෼Ͱ͔ΜͨΜͳϚΠΫϩϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ։ൃ
    

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62. • GoͰ΍Βͳ͔ͬͨͷ͔ʁ

    -> Go(Goa, Echo)͸ଟ͘ͷAPIͰಋೖࡁΈ

    େ͖͘ݴޠΛม͑ͣʹɺ

    PHPͷ։ൃऀ͕࢖͑Δ΋ͷΛ૿΍͔ͨͬͨ͠

    • segmentation faultͭΒ͘ͳ͍Ͱ͔͢ʁ

    hhvm-dbg + straceͰͳΜͱ͔ͳΓ·͢
    

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