Deriving derived state: derivedStateOf explained (dcSF 24)

Jetpack Compose’s state library has a powerful but tricky tool in derivedStateOf. Much of the time you don’t need it at all. It’s deceptively expensive to use and complex to implement. To find out why we’ll derive it from first principles. Starting with the simplest solution for a typical use case, we’ll walk through how different parts of the snapshot state system can be leveraged to improve the solution, eventually ending up at derivedStateOf.

1. Zach Klippenstein (he/him) Google deriv(ing)StateOf
2. Zach Klippenstein (he/him) Google deriv(ing)StateOf
3. val state by remember { derivedStateOf { ... } }
4. val state by remember { derivedStateOf { ... } } fun <T> derivedStateOf( calculation: () -> T ): State<T>
5. Use derivedStateOf: to reduce invalidations to cache expensive calculations that can be performed lazily
6. Don't use derivedStateOf: if calculation is cheap if inputs change as frequently as outputs
7. Don’t use derivedStateOf unless you know you should.
8. Questions? Opening the Shutter on Snapshots: bit.ly/3x5zH53 Slides: bit.ly/45cqHYl androiddev@zachklipp.com Snapshots blog series: bit.ly/3KAPprT androiddev.social/@zachklipp
9. Agenda What problems does derivedStateOf solve? How does derivedStateOf work?
10. @Composable fun Foo() { val state1 = remember { mutableStateOf(0) } val state2 = remember { mutableStateOf(1) } val result = state1.value + state2.value Text(result.toString()) } Don't use derivedStateOf!
11. Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Calculation derivedStateOf Render Cheap calculation, changes frequently
12. Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Calculation derivedStateOf Render Cheap calculation, changes frequently
13. @Composable fun Foo() { val state1 = remember { mutableStateOf(0) } val state2 = remember { mutableStateOf(1) } val result = state1.value + state2.value Text(result.toString()) }
14. @Composable fun Foo() { val state1 = remember { mutableStateOf(0) } val state2 = remember { mutableStateOf(1) } val result = 0 < state1.value + state2.value Text(result.toString()) }
15. @Composable fun Foo() { val state1 = remember { mutableStateOf(0) } val state2 = remember { mutableStateOf(1) } val result = derivedStateOf { 0 < state1.value + state2.value } Text(result.value.toString()) }
16. @Composable fun Foo() { val state1 = remember { mutableStateOf(0) } val state2 = remember { mutableStateOf(1) } val result = remember { derivedStateOf { 0 < state1.value + state2.value } } Text(result.value.toString()) } Only re-composes when result actually changes
17. Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Calculation derivedStateOf Render Cheap calculation, used infrequently
18. Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Calculation derivedStateOf Render Cheap calculation, used infrequently
19. @Composable fun Foo(items: List<Bar>) { val sortedItems = items.sorted() LazyColumn( Modifier.draw { sortedItems.forEach { drawDecoration(it) } } ) { items(sortedItems) { ... } } } Not used until layout or draw Expensive call in composition
20. @Composable fun Foo(items: List<Bar>) { val sortedItems = remember { { items.sorted() } } LazyColumn( Modifier.draw { sortedItems.forEach { drawDecoration(it) } } ) { items(sortedItems) { ... } } }
21. @Composable fun Foo(items: List<Bar>) { val sortedItems = remember { { items.sorted() } } LazyColumn( Modifier.draw { sortedItems().forEach { drawDecoration(it) } } ) { items(sortedItems()) { ... } } } sorted called lazily, but still called twice per frame
22. @Composable fun Foo(items: List<Bar>) { val sortedItems = remember { derivedStateOf { items.sorted() } } LazyColumn( Modifier.draw { sortedItems().forEach { drawDecoration(it) } } ) { items(sortedItems()) { ... } } }
23. @Composable fun Foo(items: List<Bar>) { val sortedItems = remember { derivedStateOf { items.sorted() } } LazyColumn( Modifier.draw { sortedItems.value.forEach { drawDecoration(it) } } ) { items(sortedItems.value) { ... } } }
24. @Composable fun Foo(items: List<Bar>) { val updatedItems = rememberUpdatedState(items) val sortedItems = remember { derivedStateOf { updatedItems.value.sorted() } } LazyColumn( Modifier.draw { sortedItems.value.forEach { drawDecoration(it) } } ) { items(sortedItems.value) { ... } } } Not executed until first used, in layout Then re-used in draw
25. Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Calculation derivedStateOf Render Expensive calculation, changes infrequently, used frequently
26. Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Calculation derivedStateOf Render Expensive calculation, changes infrequently, used frequently
27. @Composable fun rememberFoo(input: Input): State<Output> { return remember(input) { derivedStateOf { someCalculation(input) } } } BAD Returning a new value each time Capturing value, not state of value
28. @Composable fun rememberFoo(input: Input): Output { return remember(input) { someCalculation(input) } } When someCalculation: is used immediately in composition changes frequently with input
29. @Composable fun rememberFoo(input: Input): State<Output> { return remember(input) { derivedStateOf { someCalculation(input) } } } BAD
30. @Composable fun rememberFoo(input: Input): State<Output> { return remember { derivedStateOf { someCalculation(input) } } }
31. @Composable fun rememberFoo(input: Input): State<Output> { val updatedInput = rememberUpdatedState(input) return remember { derivedStateOf { someCalculation(updatedInput) } } } When someCalculation: is expensive and not read in composition changes infrequently with input
32. Don’t use derivedStateOf unless you know you should.
33. How does derivedStateOf work?
34. derivedStateOf Dedup Invalidations Cache Result
35. Invalidations= ?
36. Function Invalidations= ?
37. Function Invalidations = 1. Marked as needing to rerun 2. Scheduled to rerun in the future 3. Eventually ran again
38. Invalidations “Invalidation scopes”:
39. “Invalidation scopes”: Composable functions val state = mutableStateOf("") @Composable fun Foo() { state.value } Invalidations
40. “Invalidation scopes”: Composable functions val state = mutableStateOf("") @Composable fun Foo() { val bar = remember { ... } val value = state.value Text(value) } Invalidations Entire body of reader recomposes
41. “Invalidation scopes”: (Some) Composable functions val state = mutableStateOf("") @Composable fun Foo() { val bar = remember { ... } val value = state.value Text(value) } Invalidations
42. “Invalidation scopes”: (Some) Composable functions val state = mutableStateOf("") @Composable fun Foo() { val bar = remember { ... } val value = state.value Text(value) } @Composable fun rememberBar(): Bar { // ... } Invalidations
43. “Invalidation scopes”: (Some) Composable functions val state = mutableStateOf("") @Composable fun Foo() { val bar = remember { ... } val value = state.value Text(value) } @Composable fun rememberBar(): Bar { // ... } @Composable inline fun Baz() { // ... } Invalidations
44. “Invalidation scopes”: (Some) Composable functions snapshotFlow val state = mutableStateOf("") snapshotFlow { state.value } Invalidations
45. “Invalidation scopes”: (Some) Composable functions snapshotFlow layout, draw, graphicsLayer, etc. Invalidations Layout(content) { measurable, constraints -> // … } Modifier.graphicsLayer { // … } Modifier.draw { // … } // etc.
46. “Invalidation scopes”: (Some) Composable functions snapshotFlow layout, draw, graphicsLayer, etc. SnapshotStateObserver val state = mutableStateOf("") val observer = SnapshotStateObserver { it() } observer.observeReads(scope, onValueChanged) { state.value } Invalidations
47. “Invalidation scopes”: (Some) Composable functions snapshotFlow layout, draw, graphicsLayer, etc. SnapshotStateObserver derivedStateOf val state = mutableStateOf("") val derivedState = derivedStateOf { state.value } Invalidations
48. Invalidations Based on snapshot state Two phases: 1. Know what state objects were read 2. Listen for when those objects are written later
49. Invalidations Read observation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0)
50. Read observation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() readSet Invalidations
51. Read observation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) } readSet Invalidations
52. Read observation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) } } readSet Invalidations
53. Read observation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) } } readSet Invalidations
54. Read observation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) } } readSet state1 Invalidations
55. Read observation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) } } readSet state1 Invalidations
56. Read observation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) } } readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
57. Read observation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) } } readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
58. Read observation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) // "0" } } readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
59. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
60. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() Snapshot.registerApplyObserver { changedObjects, _ -> if (changedObjects.any { it in readSet }) { schedulePrintResult() } } readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
61. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() Snapshot.registerApplyObserver { changedObjects, _ -> if (changedObjects.any { it in readSet }) { schedulePrintResult() } } readSet state1 state2 changedObjects Invalidations
62. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() Snapshot.registerApplyObserver { changedObjects, _ -> if (changedObjects.any { it in readSet }) { schedulePrintResult() } } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } changedObjects readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
63. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() Snapshot.registerApplyObserver { changedObjects, _ -> if (changedObjects.any { it in readSet }) { schedulePrintResult() } } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } changedObjects state1 readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
64. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() Snapshot.registerApplyObserver { changedObjects, _ -> if (changedObjects.any { it in readSet }) { schedulePrintResult() } } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } changedObjects state1 readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
65. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() Snapshot.registerApplyObserver { changedObjects, _ -> if (changedObjects.any { it in readSet }) { schedulePrintResult() } } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } changedObjects state1 state2 readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
66. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() Snapshot.registerApplyObserver { changedObjects, _ -> if (changedObjects.any { it in readSet }) { schedulePrintResult() } } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } changedObjects state1 state2 readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
67. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() Snapshot.registerApplyObserver { changedObjects, _ -> if (changedObjects.any { it in readSet }) { schedulePrintResult() } } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } readSet state1 state2 changedObjects state1 state2 Invalidations
68. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
69. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) } } readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
70. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) } } readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
71. Read invalidation: Normal state val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) } } readSet Invalidations
72. val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) // "0" } } Read invalidation: Normal state (no optimization) readSet state1 state2 Invalidations
73. val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = state1.value + state2.value println(result) } } Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) Invalidations
74. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(result.value) } } Invalidations
75. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { println(result.value) } } Invalidations
76. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) readSet val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { println(result.value) } } Invalidations
77. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) readSet result val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { println(result.value) } } Invalidations
78. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { println(result.value) } } readSet result Invalidations
79. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { println(result.value) } } readSet result state1 Invalidations
80. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { println(result.value) } } readSet result state1 Invalidations
81. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { println(result.value) } } readSet result state1 state2 Invalidations
82. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { println(result.value) // "0" } } readSet result state1 state2 Invalidations
83. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() Snapshot.registerApplyObserver { changedObjects, _ -> if (changedObjects.any { it in readSet }) { schedulePrintResult() } } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } changedObjects state1 state2 readSet result state1 state2 Invalidations
84. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() Snapshot.registerApplyObserver { changedObjects, _ -> if (changedObjects.any { it in readSet }) { schedulePrintResult() } } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } readSet result state1 state2 changedObjects state1 state2 Invalidations
85. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { println(result.value) } } readSet result state1 state2 Invalidations
86. Read observation: Derived state (no optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } val readSet = mutableSetOf<Any>() fun printResult() { readSet.clear() Snapshot.observe( readObserver = { readSet += it } ) { println(result.value) // "0" } } ☹ readSet result state1 state2 Invalidations
87. Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) Two phases: 1. Know what state objects were read 2. Listen for when those objects are written later Invalidations
88. Dedup invalidations Multiple phases: Know what state objects were read Know what derivedState dependencies were used Know each derivedState’s calculation value Listen for when those objects are written later Check new calculation result, only invalidate if different Read observation: Derived state (with optimization)
89. Dedup invalidations derivedStateOf tracks its own dependencies Readers query for its dependencies, track those instead Only: Composition SnapshotStateObserver NOT snapshotFlow Read observation: Derived state (with optimization)
90. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) }
91. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Foo readSet derivedValues
92. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Foo readSet derivedValues derived readSet
93. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Foo readSet derivedValues derived readSet state1 state2
94. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value // 0 } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Foo readSet derivedValues derived readSet state1 state2
95. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value // 0 } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Foo readSet state1 state2 derivedValues derived readSet state1 state2
96. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value // 0 } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Foo readSet state1 result state2 derivedValues derived readSet state1 state2
97. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value // 0 } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Foo readSet state1 result state2 result derivedValues derived readSet state1 state2
98. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value // 0 } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } derivedValues result Foo readSet state1 result state2 result derived readSet state1 state2
99. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value // 0 } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } derivedValues result 0 Foo readSet state1 result state2 result derived readSet state1 state2
100. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } derivedValues result 0 Foo readSet state1 result state2 result
101. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } changed derivedValues result 0 Foo readSet state1 result state2 result
102. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } changed state1 derivedValues result 0 Foo readSet state1 result state2 result
103. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } changed state1 derivedValues result 0 Foo readSet state1 result state2 result
104. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } changed state1 state2 derivedValues result 0 Foo readSet state1 result state2 result
105. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } changed state1 state2 derivedValues result 0 Foo readSet state1 result state2 result
106. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } derivedValues result 0 Foo readSet state1 result state2 result changed state1 state2
107. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } derivedValues result 0 Foo readSet state1 result state2 result changed state1 state2
108. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } derivedValues result 0 Foo readSet state1 result state2 result changed state1 state2
109. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value // 0 } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } derivedValues result 0 Foo readSet state1 result state2 result changed state1 state2
110. Dedup invalidations Read observation: Derived state (with optimization) val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val result = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value // 0 } @Composable fun Foo() { Text(result.value) } Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 } derivedValues result 0 Foo readSet state1 result state2 result changed state1 state2 🥳
111. derivedStateOf Dedup Invalidations Cache Result
112. derivedStateOf Dedup Invalidations Cache Result
113. @Composable fun Foo(items: List<Bar>) { val updatedItems = rememberUpdatedState(items) val sortedItems = remember { derivedStateOf { updatedItems.value.sorted() } } LazyColumn( Modifier.draw { sortedItems.value.forEach { drawDecoration(it) } } ) { items(sortedItems.value) { ... } } } Not executed until first used, in layout Then re-used in draw
114. How do they work?
115. How do they work? www.droidcon.com/2023/07/20/opening-the-shutter-on-snapshots-2/
116. Snapshot IDs
117. Selecting records message id value “he” “hello asdf” “hello ” written by 72 “hello world” color id value Red Blue written by 80 snapshot ID
118. newest valid record “mutableState.value” get() = findRecord(SnapshotThreadLocal.get()) highest ID not higher than snapshot ID AND not in snapshot invalid set AND not tombstoned
119. Cache derivedStateOf: Custom StateObject subclass. Calculation result and metadata are cached per-snapshot, in StateRecords. Uses snapshot IDs and write count to avoid recalculating result.
120. Cache Algorithm: Have we ever calculated the result before? Is the result from this snapshot? Was anything changed in the snapshot? Have any dependencies been written to? Re-calculate result—is it different?
121. Cache val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value) Initializing snapshot ID 1 writeCount 0
122. Cache snapshot ID 1 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 Initializing val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value)
123. Cache Initializing snapshot ID 1 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value)
124. Cache derived RECORD 1 value ∅ lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ Initializing snapshot ID 1 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value)
125. Cache derived RECORD 1 value ∅ lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ Checking cached value snapshot ID 1 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value) unset
126. Cache derived RECORD 1 value ∅ lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ Calculating result (tracking dependencies) snapshot ID 1 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value)
127. Cache derived RECORD 1 value ∅ lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 snapshot ID 1 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value) Calculating result (tracking dependencies)
128. Cache derived RECORD 1 value ∅ lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 1 snapshot ID 1 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value) Calculating result (tracking dependencies)
129. Cache derived RECORD 1 value ∅ lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 1 state2 snapshot ID 1 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value) Calculating result (tracking dependencies)
130. Cache derived RECORD 1 value ∅ lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 1 state2 1 snapshot ID 1 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value) Calculating result (tracking dependencies)
131. Cache derived RECORD 1 value ∅ lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 1 state2 1 Calculating result snapshot ID 1 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value // 0 } println(derived.value)
132. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 1 state2 1 Calculating result snapshot ID 1 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value // 0 } println(derived.value)
133. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 1 state2 1 Calculating result (advancing snapshot) snapshot ID 1 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value)
134. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 1 state2 1 Calculating result (advancing snapshot) snapshot ID 2 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value)
135. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 1 state2 1 Calculating result (updating metadata) snapshot ID 2 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value)
136. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 2 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Calculating result (updating metadata) snapshot ID 2 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value)
137. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 2 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Calculating result snapshot ID 2 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value)
138. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 2 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Calculating result snapshot ID 2 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value) // "0" Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) println(derived.value) }
139. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 2 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Entering new snapshot snapshot ID 2 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } val state1 = mutableStateOf(0) val state2 = mutableStateOf(0) val derived = derivedStateOf { state1.value + state2.value } println(derived.value) // "0"
140. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 2 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Entering new snapshot snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
141. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 2 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking cached value snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } set
142. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 2 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking current snapshot snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 3 ≠ 2
143. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 2 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking dependencies snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 1 = 1
144. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 2 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking dependencies snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 1 = 1
145. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 2 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Updating cache metadata snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
146. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } Updating cache metadata
147. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking dependencies snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
148. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking cached value snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } set
149. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking current snapshot snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 3 = 3
150. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking current snapshot snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 0 = 0
151. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking current snapshot snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
152. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking current snapshot snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
153. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD ∅ value ∅ state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
154. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value ∅ state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
155. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 3 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
156. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 3 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
157. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 3 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
158. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 3 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD ∅ value ∅ Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
159. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 3 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value ∅ Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
160. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 3 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
161. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 3 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
162. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking cached value snapshot ID 3 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } set
163. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking current snapshot snapshot ID 3 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 3 = 3
164. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking current snapshot snapshot ID 3 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 2 ≠ 0
165. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Checking dependencies snapshot ID 3 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 3 ≠ 1
166. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Recalculating result snapshot ID 3 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 0 = 0 -1 + 1 = 0
167. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 1 state2 1 Updating cache metadata snapshot ID 3 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
168. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 1 Updating cache metadata snapshot ID 3 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
169. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Updating cache metadata snapshot ID 3 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
170. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Advancing snapshot snapshot ID 3 writeCount 2 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
171. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 3 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Advancing snapshot snapshot ID 4 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
172. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Updating cache metadata snapshot ID 4 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
173. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Updating cache metadata snapshot ID 4 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
174. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 4 writeCount 0 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1
175. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 4 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
176. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 4 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD ∅ value ∅ state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
177. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 4 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value ∅ state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
178. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 4 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
179. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Writing to dependency snapshot ID 4 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
180. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Checking cached value snapshot ID 4 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } set
181. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Checking current snapshot snapshot ID 4 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 4 = 4
182. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Checking current snapshot snapshot ID 4 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 1 ≠ 0
183. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Checking dependencies snapshot ID 4 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 4 ≠ 3
184. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 Recalculating result snapshot ID 4 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 43 ≠ 0 42 + 1 = 43
185. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 RECORD ∅ value ∅ lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 ∅ state2 ∅ Recalculating result (new cache record) snapshot ID 4 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 42 + 1 = 43
186. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 RECORD 4 value ∅ lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 ∅ state2 ∅ Recalculating result (new cache record) snapshot ID 4 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 42 + 1 = 43
187. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 RECORD 4 value ∅ lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 4 state2 ∅ Recalculating result (new cache record) snapshot ID 4 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 42 + 1 = 43
188. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 RECORD 4 value ∅ lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 4 state2 3 Recalculating result (new cache record) snapshot ID 4 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 42 + 1 = 43
189. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 RECORD 4 value 43 lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 4 state2 3 Recalculating result (new cache record) snapshot ID 4 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) } 42 + 1 = 43
190. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 RECORD 4 value 43 lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 4 state2 3 Recalculating result (advancing snapshot) snapshot ID 4 writeCount 1 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
191. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 RECORD 4 value 43 lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 4 state2 3 Recalculating result (advancing snapshot) snapshot ID 5 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
192. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 RECORD 4 value 43 lastSnapshotId ∅ lastWriteCount ∅ state1 4 state2 3 Recalculating result (updating metadata) snapshot ID 5 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
193. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 RECORD 4 value 43 lastSnapshotId 5 lastWriteCount 0 state1 4 state2 3 Recalculating result (updating metadata) snapshot ID 5 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) }
194. Cache derived RECORD 1 value 0 lastSnapshotId 4 lastWriteCount 0 state1 3 state2 3 RECORD 4 value 43 lastSnapshotId 5 lastWriteCount 0 state1 4 state2 3 Recalculating result snapshot ID 5 writeCount 0 state1 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value -1 RECORD 4 value 42 state2 RECORD 1 value 0 RECORD 3 value 1 Snapshot.withMutableSnapshot { println(derived.value) // "0" println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = -1 state2.value = 1 println(derived.value) // "0" state1.value = 42 println(derived.value) // "43" }
195. 🥵
196. Cache 5 cases: Reading for the first time in a snapshot, but no dependencies has been written to. at least one dependency has been written to. Reading multiple times in same snapshot, with no writes in-between. with at least one write in between. Nested derivedStateOf reads.
197. Cache Calculation function must be pure. Only read snapshot states. Doesn't actually keep a list of dependencies, just stores a hash of (record, id) Actual value not tracked value's hashcode() is never called
198. Recap
199. derivedStateOf Dedup invalidations Cache result • Coordinates with invalidation scopes. • Each scope determines for itself whether it needs to invalidate. • Uses caching when checking for changes. • Uses snapshot metadata to avoid recalculating result in most cases. • Uses StateRecords to keep cache isolated in different snapshots.
200. Use derivedStateOf: to reduce invalidations to cache expensive calculations that can be performed lazily
201. Don't use derivedStateOf: if calculation is cheap if inputs change as frequently as outputs
202. Action Items: Open your codebase. Find at least one derivedStateOf that doesn't need to be there …or is used wrong. Remove it.
203. Questions? Opening the Shutter on Snapshots: bit.ly/3x5zH53 Slides: bit.ly/45cqHYl androiddev@zachklipp.com Snapshots blog series: bit.ly/3KAPprT androiddev.social/@zachklipp