communication

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1. Communication Concepts MIT 180 – E-Communication
2. Introduction • Communication is ever-present in our lives. To be able to express yourself to other people is a basic requirement for living in a modern society. • Regardless of your specific title or job description, the essence of what you do when working at any job is to communicate; you talk, listen, relate, read, and write. • Without knowledge about your own communication it is impossible to analyze others’ communication
3. Definition of Communication • The word “communication” comes from the Latin “communis” which means “to share.” Communication is the transfer and understanding of meaning. • Communication is the process of transferring information and meaning between senders and receivers, using one or more written, oral, visual, or electronic media. • It is the art and process of creating and sharing ideas, information, and attitudes from one person to another. • It is the act of conveying intended meaning to another person through the use of mutually understood signs and language.
4. Characteristics of Communication • Communication is a process. It is a two-way process which involves sending and receiving. • Communication is dynamic. It is ever changing depending on the variables at play. • Communication is a complex a process. • Communication is a two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants not only exchange (encode-decode) information but also create and share meaning. • Communication involves the sharing of information using a code. • Communication is irreversible that once one has communicated something, it cannot be recalled back. • Communication is a system. It consists of elements such as source, receiver, channel, message, noise, feedback. • Communication can be of various forms – verbal, non-verbal or visual.
5. Functions of Communication • To change in behavior • To influence others • To express thoughts and emotions through words and actions • To control and motivate people • To process social and emotional needs • To improve our self-confidence • To establish relationships • To inform and educate • To entertain • To solve problems • To make orders • To give directions
6. Types of Communication 1. Verbal Communication: It occurs through the medium of spoken or written. 2. Nonverbal Communication: Occurs without words; where the five senses and whole range of body movements, posture, gesture, facial expressions and silence are used for sending and receiving the message. It is a more accurate way of communication because it conveys the true and intended meaning of the message. According to Message Delivery
7. Types of Communication 1. Formal Communication: follows line of authority and is generally used in organization to achieve organizational objectives. 2. Informal Communication: does not follow line of authority. 3. Therapeutic Communication: takes place between a health care personnel and a patient, with the purpose of modifying the patient behavior. According to the Purpose of Communication
8. Types of Communication 1. Intrapersonal Communication: It takes place within an individual; we may also say it is a self-talk. 2. Interpersonal Communication: It takes place whenever two or more people interact and exchange messages or ideas. 3. Transpersonal Communication: It takes place within a person’s spiritual domain. 4. Small-Group Communication: An example of a small-group communication is when a nurse interact with two or more individuals face-to-face or using a medium (like a conference call). 5. Public Communication: Communication with a large group of people. 6. Organizational Communication: It takes place when individuals and groups within an organization communicate with each other to achieve established organizational goals. According to the Levels of Communication
9. Elements of Communication 1. Referent – motivates the sender (or receiver) to share information (message, objects, sounds, sights, time schedule, ideas, perceptions, sensation, emotion, odor, etc.) that may initiate communication. 2. Sender – a person who encodes and sends the message to the expected receiver through an appropriate channel. A sender is the source of the message that is generated to be delivered to the receiver after appropriate stimulus from the referent. 3. Message – the content of communication and may contain verbal, nonverbal or symbolic language. 4. Channel – a medium through which a message is sent or received between two or more people. Visual Channel, Auditory Channel, Tactile Channel, Combined Channel
10. Elements of Communication 5. Receiver – an individual or a group of individuals intended to receive, decode and interpret the message sent by the sender/source of message. A receiver is also known as decoder. He is expected to have the ability and skills to receive, decode and interpret the message. 6. Feedback – a return message sent by the receiver to the sender. It is most essential element of the communication process as it shows that the receiver has understood the primary message sent by the sender and the communication process is now consider complete. 7. Noise – any disturbances that interfere with the transmission, receipt, or feedback of a message. 8. Context – the situation in which you are communication.
11. Communication Process and the Methods of Communication
12. Communication Process and the Methods of Communication 1. Sender has an idea. The form of the idea may be influenced by the sender’s mood, frame of reference, background, culture, and physical makeup, as well as the context of the situation. 2. Sender encodes the idea in a message. Encoding means converting the idea into words or gestures that will convey meaning.
13. Communication Process and the Methods of Communication 3. Message travels over a channel. The medium over which the message is transmitted is the channel. Messages may be sent by computer, telephone, letter, or memorandum. 4. Receiver decodes the message. The person for whom a message is intended is the receiver. 5. Feedback travels to the sender. The verbal and nonverbal responses of the receiver create feedback, a vital part of the entire communication process.