Introduction to MongoDB

Presented at CodeIgniter conference UK in February 2011 - http://ciconf.com/uk/2012

Transcript

1. MongoDB Alex Bilbie
2. Alex Bilbie Developer at the University of Lincoln Happy MongoDB user since 2010 Tweet me @alexbilbie
3. Relational Database Management Systems
4. Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS)
5. RDBMS Almost every application has one Schemas Joins, aggregation, normalisation
6. RDBMS Difficult to scale Can be inflexible
7. MongoDB Developed by 10gen in 2007 Open sourced in 2009 Bridge the gap between key-value stores and RDBMS
8. MongoDB Performance “Bitchin’ fast” Rich dynamic queries Lazy creation Schema-less Easy replication and failover Auto sharding 13 official language drivers (dozens of community-created drivers)
9. Functionality Performance RDBMS MongoDB Memcached Key/value stores
10. Limitations No transactions No joins 32bit integers Memory-whore 16MB document size Authentication
11. Some terminology Document == row Collection == table Database == database
12. Documents
13. { “_id” : ObjectID(“7qhlhsdf89sdf98899989a”), “name” : “Alex”, “age” : 22, “tags” : [“PHP”, “REST”, “APIs”, “MongoDB”] }
14. Documents Can store JSON types - strings, integers, floats, doubles, arrays, objects, null, boolean Special types - data, object id, binary, regex, and code 16mb hard limit Every document can have different keys
15. Collections
16. Collections Logical groups of documents Indexes
17. Databases Contain collections Authentication Global read/write user Local read/write user Local read only user
18. Executables mongo mongod mongos mongodump mongorestore mongosniff
19. PHP driver pecl  install  mongo Source on Github - http://lncn.eu/cdu7 Regularly updated CodeIgniter library - http://lncn.eu/fmy5
20. mongo
21. >  show  dbs    admin    blog >  use  blog    switched  to  blog >  show  collections    posts
22. >  db.posts.count()    1
23. >  db.posts.findOne()    {        _id  :  ObjectId(‘8dfhosiahdf89sf9sd’),        title  :  “Hello  world!”,        body  :  “Lorem  ipsum...”,        author  :  {            name  :  “Alex”        }    } >  db.posts.find().limit(1) >  db.posts.find().limit(1).pretty()
24. >  db.posts.insert({        title  :  “Another  post”,        body  :  “Dolor  sit  amet...”        author  :  {            name  :  “Alex”        },        tags  :  [“PHP”,  “MongoDB”]    }) >  db.posts.save({...})
25. SELECT  *  FROM  posts  WHERE  title  =   “Another  Post” db.posts.find({title  :  “Another   Post”}) {  _id  :   ObjectId(‘8dfhosiahdf89sf9sd’),   title  :  “Another  post”,  body  :   “Dolor  sit  amet...”,  author  :   {name  :  “Alex”},  tags  :  [“PHP”,   “MongoDB”]  }
26. SELECT  body  FROM  posts  WHERE  title   =  “Another  Post” db.posts.find({title  :  “Another   Post”},  {body  :  1}) {  _id  :   ObjectId(‘8dfhosiahdf89sf9sd’),     body  :  “Dolor  sit  amet...”  }
27. db.posts.find({},  {author.name  :  1})
28. db.posts.find({author.name  :  /Alex/},   {author.name  :  1}) db.posts.find({author.name  :  /alex/i},   {author.name  :  1})
29. db.posts.find().sort(title  :  1) db.posts.find().sort(title  :  -­‐1) db.posts.find().limit(1) db.posts.find().limit(1).skip(1)
30. db.people.insert({name  :  “Alex”,  age:  22,   sex  :  “Male”}) db.people.insert({name  :  “Nick”,  age:  24,   sex  :  “Male”}) db.people.insert({name  :  “Steph”,  age:  28,   sex  :  “Female”})
31. SELECT  *  FROM  people  WHERE  age  >  22 db.people.find({age  :  {$gt  :  22}})
32. SELECT  *  FROM  people  WHERE  age  <=  25 db.people.find({age  :  {$lte  :  25}})
33. $gt        Greater  than $gte      Greater  than  or  equal  to $lt        Less  than $lte      Less  than  or  equal  to $ne        Not  equal  to $in        In  array $nin      Not  in  array
34. $mod      Mod  operator $all      Matches  all  values  in  array $size    Size  of  array $exists    Key  in  array  exists $type    Matches  data  type $not      Negates  value  of  another  operator $or        Where  ==  OR  == $nor      Where  !==  AND  !==
35. //  single  ascending  index db.people.ensureIndex({name:1})
36. //  single  descending  index db.people.ensureIndex({name:-­‐1})
37. //  unique db.people.ensureIndex({name:-­‐1},   {unique:  true})
38. //  non  blocking db.people.ensureIndex({name:1},   {background:true})
39. //  compound db.people.ensureIndex({name:1,  age: 1})
40. {    _id:  ObjectId(‘...’),    name:  “Hotel  IBIS”    location:  {        lon:  54.2285,        lat:  -­‐0.5477    } } db.places.ensureIndex({location:  2d})
41. //  Remove  all  documents db.people.remove() //  Remove  with  condition db.people.remove({name:  “Alex”})
42. //  Update db.people.update({name:  “Alex”},   {$set  :  {name:  “Alex  Bilbie”})
43. $inc              Increment  value $set              Set  field  to  value $unset          Delete  field $push            Appends  field  to  value  (if  field   is  an  array  otherwise  works  like  $set) $pushAll      Multiple  $push $addToSet    $push  only  if  not  exists $pop              Array  pop $pull            Removes  all  occurrences  of  value
44. $pull          Removes  all  occurrences   of  value $pullAll    Pull  all  values $rename      Rename  field $bit            Bitwise  update  of  field
45. db.people.count() db.people.count({name:  “Alex”})
46. db.people.distinct(‘name’) db.people.distinct(‘name’,  {age:   {  $lte:  25}})
47. 1. Embed 2. Separate collection + double query No joins?
48. Embed {    comments:  [        {            text:  “Awesome  dude!”        },        {            text:  “Totally  radical”        }    ] }
49. Embed + Keeps everything together (pre-joining) - Harder to query 16mb hard limit on document size
50. Double query >  db.post.find({id:  123}) >  db.comments.find({post_id:  123})
51. Double query + Don’t need to worry about hard limit + Much easier querying +/- Double query
52. Some untruths “MongoDB is not single server durable” “MongoDB will lose my data because it is not ACID compliant” “I need 12 terabytes of RAM to use MongoDB” “MongoDB is just CouchDB but with more marketing weight behind it”
53. How we use MongoDB AD BP Estates Blackboard CMIS Nucleus
54. How we use MongoDB Nucleus .xml .json .csv .rdfxml .tutle .n3 .ntriples .kml
55. Appropriate Use Caes Logs Data warehousing / archiving Location based apps (Foursquare / o2 Priorities) Ecommerce (with RDBMS for billing) Gaming Real time stats
56. Less well suited use cases Tractional systems Epic join based query based systems
57. CodeIgniter and MongoDB CodeIgniter library - http://lncn.eu/fmy5 Follows the query builder (active record) database library Version 2.0 almost finished
58. CodeIgniter and Mongo $this-­‐>mongo_db    -­‐>select(array(‘name’,  ‘age’))    -­‐>where_lte(‘age’,  25)    -­‐>where_in(‘interests’,   array(‘PHP,  ‘MongoDB’))    -­‐>get(‘people’);
59. CodeIgniter Library v2.0 Multiple database support Epic code clean up Remove CodeIgniter-only functions so can be used in other frameworks or vanilla PHP Supports new MongoDB 2.0+ features
60. Where can I find out more? mongodb.com groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user irc://irc.freenode.net/#mongodb blog.boxedice.com cookbook.mongodb.com 10gen.com/events
61. Thanks