Drink Espresso During Android Testing - Introduction

Mobile apps are growing. They become more complex and require more testing. It means that it is time to integrate automating tests to your project. In this talk we will discuss shortly testing of Android project in general and User Interface testing with Espresso framework in detail.

Transcript

2. Welcome to Android World!
3. Application is growing
4. Application is growing
5. Categories of Android tests Run on the JVM (local tests) Require Android device (instrumentation tests) Tests
6. How to test the project?
7. Unit tests JUnit Hamcrest Mockito Robolectric
8. Integration tests JUnit Hamcrest Mockito Instrumentation API
9. Acceptance tests Espresso UiAutomator Robotium Calabash Appium
10. Android Testing Support Library AndroidJUnitRunner JUnit4 Rules Espresso UiAutomator
11. AndroidJUnitRunner ü JUnit4 support ü Instrumentation Registry ü Activity and Application life-cycle monitoring
12. JUnit4 Rules ü ActivityTestRule ü IntentsTestRule ü ServiceTestRule ü ProviderTestRule ü GrantPermissionRule (API 23 – Android Marshmallow)
13. Espresso Android 2.2 (API 8) Turn off the animations
14. Espresso onView(ViewMatcher) .perform(ViewAction) .check(ViewAssertion)
15. Get View by text Matcher Action Assertion onView(withText("Pay"))
16. Get View by text Matcher Action Assertion onView(withText(R.string.pay))
17. Get View by id Matcher Action Assertion onView(withId(R.id.pay))
18. Click to view Matcher Action Assertion onView(withId(R.id.pay)) .perform(click())
19. Long click to view Matcher Action Assertion onView(withId(R.id.pay)) .perform(longClick())
20. Double click to view Matcher Action Assertion onView(withId(R.id.pay)) .perform(doubleClick())
21. Enter a text Matcher Action Assertion onView(withId(R.id.payment)) .perform(typeText("120$"))
22. Close a keyboard Matcher Action Assertion onView(withId(R.id.payment)) .perform(closeSoftKeyboard())
23. Enter a text, close a keyboard Matcher Action Assertion onView(withId(R.id.payment)) .perform(typeText("120$"), closeSoftKeyboard())
24. Check the hint Matcher Action Assertion onView(withId(R.id.payment)) .check(matches( withHint(R.string.payment_hint) ))
25. Check the text Matcher Action Assertion onView(withId(R.id.payment)) .check(matches( withText(R.string.payment)))
26. Check the visibility Matcher Action Assertion onView(withId(R.id.payment)) .check(matches( isDisplayed()))
27. onView(withId(R.id.payment)) .perform(typeText("120$"), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.pay_button)) .check(matches(isDisplayed())) .perform(click())
28. onView(withId(R.id.payment)) .perform(typeText("120$"), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.pay_button)) .check(matches(isDisplayed())) .perform(click())
29. Hamcrest matchers
30. onView(withId(R.id.payment)) .check(matches( `is` withText(startsWith("Go")))) endsWith
31. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class LoginActivityTest { @Rule @JvmField val mActivityRule = ActivityTestRule<LoginActivity>(LoginActivity::class.java) @Test fun shouldVerifyEmptyPassword() { onView(withId(R.id.edit_text_username)) .perform(typeText("Alex"), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.login_button)) .perform(click()) onView(withId(R.id.password_text_layout)) .check(matches( withError(`is`("Please enter a password")))) } }
32. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class LoginActivityTest { @Rule @JvmField val mActivityRule = ActivityTestRule<LoginActivity> (LoginActivity::class.java) @Test fun shouldVerifyEmptyPassword() { onView(withId(R.id.edit_text_username)) .perform(typeText("Alex"), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.login_button)) .perform(click()) onView(withId(R.id.password_text_layout)) .check(matches( withError(`is`("Please enter a password")))) } }
33. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class LoginActivityTest { @Rule @JvmField val mActivityRule = ActivityTestRule<LoginActivity>(LoginActivity::class.java) @Test fun shouldVerifyEmptyPassword() { onView(withId(R.id.edit_text_username)) .perform(typeText("Alex"), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.login_button)) .perform(click()) onView(withId(R.id.password_text_layout)) .check(matches( withError(`is`("Please enter a password")))) } }
34. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class LoginActivityTest { @Rule @JvmField val mActivityRule = ActivityTestRule<LoginActivity>(LoginActivity::class.java) @Test fun shouldVerifyEmptyPassword() { onView(withId(R.id.edit_text_username)) .perform(typeText("Alex"), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.login_button)) .perform(click()) onView(withId(R.id.password_text_layout)) .check(matches( withError(`is`("Please enter a password")))) } }
35. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class LoginActivityTest { @Rule @JvmField val mActivityRule = ActivityTestRule<LoginActivity>(LoginActivity::class.java) @Test fun shouldVerifyEmptyPassword() { onView(withId(R.id.edit_text_username)) .perform(typeText("Alex"), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.login_button)) .perform(click()) onView(withId(R.id.password_text_layout)) .check(matches( withError(`is`("Please enter a password")))) } }
36. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class LoginActivityTest { @Rule @JvmField val mActivityRule = ActivityTestRule<LoginActivity>(LoginActivity::class.java) @Test fun shouldVerifyEmptyPassword() { onView(withId(R.id.edit_text_username)) .perform(typeText("Alex"), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.login_button)) .perform(click()) onView(withId(R.id.password_text_layout)) .check(matches(withError(`is`( "Please enter a password")))) } } * withError – a custom matcher
37. onView(withId(R.id.download)) .perform(click()) onView(withId(android.support.design.R.id.snackbar_text)) .check(matches( withText(R.string.downloading_movie_info)))
38. What is an AdapterView and how it works? java.lang.Object ↳ android.view.View ↳ android.view.ViewGroup ↳ android.widget.AdapterView <T extends android.widget.Adapter> GridView ListView Spinner
39. Espresso onData(ObjectMatcher) .DataOptions .perform(ViewAction) .check(ViewAssertion)
40. onData – ArrayAdapter onData(allOf(`is`(instanceOf(String::class.java)), `is`("Americano"))) .check(matches(isDisplayed())) val arrayAdapter = ArrayAdapter<String>( this@DetailActivity, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, android.R.id.text1, coffeeList)
41. onData – custom adapter @Test fun clickCoffeeItem() { ... onData(withCoffee(espresso)) .inAdapterView(withId(R.id.detail_list)) .perform(click()); } class CoffeeAdapter : BaseAdapter() { ... override fun getItem(position: Int): Any { return mOrderedCoffee.keys.toTypedArray()[position] } }
42. fun withCoffee(expected: Coffee) : Matcher<Any> { return object : BoundedMatcher<Any, Coffee>(Coffee::class.java) { override fun describeTo(description: Description) { description.appendText("has value: $expected") } override fun matchesSafely(item: Coffee): Boolean { return item == expected } } }
43. RecyclerView java.lang.Object ↳ android.view.View ↳ android.view.ViewGroup ↳ android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView It is not an AdapterView
44. RecyclerViewActions ü actionOnHolderItem ü actionOnItem ü actionOnItemAtPosition ü scrollTo ü scrollToHolder ü scrollToPosition onView(withId(R.id.recyclerView)) .perform(actionOnItemAtPosition(3, click()));
45. IdlingResource class ServiceIdlingResource : IdlingResource { lateinit var mResourceCallback : ResourceCallback override fun getName(): String { return ServiceIdlingResource::class.simpleName!! } override fun isIdleNow(): Boolean { val isIdle = !isIntentServiceRunning() if (isIdle) { mResourceCallback.onTransitionToIdle() } return isIdle } override fun registerIdleTransitionCallback(callback: ResourceCallback) { mResourceCallback = callback } fun isIntentServiceRunning() : Boolean { ... } } http://blog.sqisland.com/2015/04/espresso-custom-idling-resource.html
46. Using IdlingResource @Before fun setUp() { mLoadingIdlingResource = ServiceIdlingResource() IdlingRegistry.getInstance().register(mLoadingIdlingResource) } @Test fun shouldVerifyMessageDuringDownloadingMoviesInfo() { onView(withId(R.id.fab)) .perform(click()) onView(withId(android.support.design.R.id.snackbar_text)) .check(matches(withText(R.string.downloading_movie_info))) } @After fun tearDown() { IdlingRegistry.getInstance().unregister(mLoadingIdlingResource) }
47. CountingIdlingResource class MovieDetailActivity : AppCompatActivity() { val mCountingIdlingResource = CountingIdlingResource(LOADING_MOVIE_DETAILS) companion object { private const val LOADING_MOVIE_DETAILS = "loading_movie_details" } fun loadMore() { ... mCountingIdlingResource.increment() } fun showMovies() { ... mCountingIdlingResource.decrement() } }
48. Using CountingIdlingResource @Before fun setUp() { mLoadingIdlingResource = mMovieDetailActivityRule. activity.mCountingIdlingResource IdlingRegistry.getInstance().register(mLoadingIdlingResource) } @Test fun shouldVerifyMessageDuringDownloadingMoviesInfo() { onView(withId(R.id.fab)) .perform(click()) onView(withId(android.support.design.R.id.snackbar_text)) .check(matches(withText(R.string.downloading_movie_info))) } @After fun tearDown() { IdlingRegistry.getInstance().unregister(mLoadingIdlingResource) }
49. Configure a custom intent @Rule @JvmField val mMovieDetailActivityRule = ActivityTestRule<MovieDetailActivity>( MovieDetailActivity::class.java, true, false) // is activity launch? @Test fun `Should display message during downloading movie info`() { val context = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext() val movieIntent = Intent(context, MovieDetailActivity::class.java) movieIntent.putExtra("movie_id", ANNABELLE_MOVIE) mMovieDetailActivityRule.launchActivity(movieIntent) ... } App data: https://www.themoviedb.org
50. Handle animation inside the app val animatorSpeed = Settings.Global.getFloat(​ contentResolver,​ SETTINGS_NAME,​ 0.0f)​ ​ ü Settings.Global.ANIMATOR_DURATION_SCALE ​ ü Settings.Global.TRANSITION_ANIMATION_SCALE​ ü Settings.Global.WINDOW_ANIMATION_SCALE​
51. UI AutomatorViewer Android Studio Tools / Android / Android Device Monitor Application {ANDROID_SDK} / tools / uiautomatorviewer
52. UiAutomator Android 4.3 (API 18) Interacting with any application Interacting with a system
53. Basic UI Automator components ü UiDevice ü UiCollection ü UiObject / UiObject2 ü UiScrollable ü UiSelector ü Configurator
54. UiDevice ü Press "Home" button mUiDevice.pressHome() ü Press "Back" button mUiDevice.pressBack() ü Press “Power” button mUiDevice.wakeUp() ü Click at arbitrary coordinates mUiDevice.click(300, 215) ü Open the notifications mUiDevice.openNotification()
55. Test of calculator application class CalculatorAppTest { lateinit var mDevice: UiDevice @Before fun setUp() { mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()) mDevice.pressHome() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Apps list")).click() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Calculator")).click() } @Test fun shouldSumThreeAndFive() { mDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.text("5")), 3_000L) val five = mDevice.findObject(By.text("5")) val plus = mDevice.findObject(By.text("+")) val three = mDevice.findObject(By.text("3")) val equal = mDevice.findObject(By.text("=")) five.click() plus.click() three.click() equal.click() val result = mDevice.findObject(By.res("com.android.calculator2", "result")) assertEquals("8", result.text) } @After fun tearDown() { mDevice.pressBack() } }
56. Test of calculator application class CalculatorAppTest { lateinit var mDevice: UiDevice @Before fun setUp() { mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()) mDevice.pressHome() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Apps list")).click() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Calculator")).click() } @Test fun shouldSumThreeAndFive() { mDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.text("5")), 3_000L) val five = mDevice.findObject(By.text("5")) val plus = mDevice.findObject(By.text("+")) val three = mDevice.findObject(By.text("3")) val equal = mDevice.findObject(By.text("=")) five.click() plus.click() three.click() equal.click() val result = mDevice.findObject(By.res("com.android.calculator2", "result")) assertEquals("8", result.text) } @After fun tearDown() { mDevice.pressBack() } }
57. Test of calculator application class CalculatorAppTest { lateinit var mDevice: UiDevice @Before fun setUp() { mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()) mDevice.pressHome() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Apps list")).click() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Calculator")).click() } @Test fun shouldSumThreeAndFive() { mDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.text("5")), 3_000L) val five = mDevice.findObject(By.text("5")) val plus = mDevice.findObject(By.text("+")) val three = mDevice.findObject(By.text("3")) val equal = mDevice.findObject(By.text("=")) five.click() plus.click() three.click() equal.click() val result = mDevice.findObject(By.res("com.android.calculator2", "result")) assertEquals("8", result.text) } @After fun tearDown() { mDevice.pressBack() } }
58. Test of calculator application class CalculatorAppTest { lateinit var mDevice: UiDevice @Before fun setUp() { mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()) mDevice.pressHome() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Apps list")).click() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Calculator")).click() } @Test fun shouldSumThreeAndFive() { mDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.text("5")), 3_000L) val five = mDevice.findObject(By.text("5")) val plus = mDevice.findObject(By.text("+")) val three = mDevice.findObject(By.text("3")) val equal = mDevice.findObject(By.text("=")) five.click() plus.click() three.click() equal.click() val result = mDevice.findObject(By.res("com.android.calculator2", "result")) assertEquals("8", result.text) } @After fun tearDown() { mDevice.pressBack() } }
59. Test of calculator application class CalculatorAppTest { lateinit var mDevice: UiDevice @Before fun setUp() { mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()) mDevice.pressHome() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Apps list")).click() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Calculator")).click() } @Test fun shouldSumThreeAndFive() { mDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.text("5")), 3_000L) val five = mDevice.findObject(By.text("5")) val plus = mDevice.findObject(By.text("+")) val three = mDevice.findObject(By.text("3")) val equal = mDevice.findObject(By.text("=")) five.click() plus.click() three.click() equal.click() val result = mDevice.findObject(By.res("com.android.calculator2", "result")) assertEquals("8", result.text) } @After fun tearDown() { mDevice.pressBack() } }
60. Test of calculator application class CalculatorAppTest { lateinit var mDevice: UiDevice @Before fun setUp() { mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()) mDevice.pressHome() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Apps list")).click() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Calculator")).click() } @Test fun shouldSumThreeAndFive() { mDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.text("5")), 3_000L) val five = mDevice.findObject(By.text("5")) val plus = mDevice.findObject(By.text("+")) val three = mDevice.findObject(By.text("3")) val equal = mDevice.findObject(By.text("=")) five.click() plus.click() three.click() equal.click() val result = mDevice.findObject(By.res("com.android.calculator2", "result")) assertEquals("8", result.text) } @After fun tearDown() { mDevice.pressBack() } }
61. Test of calculator application class CalculatorAppTest { lateinit var mDevice: UiDevice @Before fun setUp() { mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()) mDevice.pressHome() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Apps list")).click() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Calculator")).click() } @Test fun shouldSumThreeAndFive() { mDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.text("5")), 3_000L) val five = mDevice.findObject(By.text("5")) val plus = mDevice.findObject(By.text("+")) val three = mDevice.findObject(By.text("3")) val equal = mDevice.findObject(By.text("=")) five.click() plus.click() three.click() equal.click() val result = mDevice.findObject(By.res("com.android.calculator2", "result")) assertEquals("8", result.text) } @After fun tearDown() { mDevice.pressBack() } }
62. Test of calculator application class CalculatorAppTest { lateinit var mDevice: UiDevice @Before fun setUp() { mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()) mDevice.pressHome() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Apps list")).click() mDevice.findObject(By.desc("Calculator")).click() } @Test fun shouldSumThreeAndFive() { mDevice.wait(Until.hasObject(By.text("5")), 3_000L) val five = mDevice.findObject(By.text("5")) val plus = mDevice.findObject(By.text("+")) val three = mDevice.findObject(By.text("3")) val equal = mDevice.findObject(By.text("=")) five.click() plus.click() three.click() equal.click() val result = mDevice.findObject(By.res("com.android.calculator2", "result")) assertEquals("8", result.text) } @After fun tearDown() { mDevice.pressBack() } }
63. Espresso + UiAutomator Interacting with a system Better interaction with the app
64. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class.java) class FullOrderTest { ... @Test fun shouldOrderThreeEspressos() { ... onView(withId(R.id.pay)).perform(click()) mDevice.openNotification() mDevice.wait(Until.hasObject( By.text(NOTIFICATION_TITLE)), TIMEOUT) val title = mDevice.findObject( By.text(NOTIFICATION_TITLE)) assertEquals(NOTIFICATION_TITLE, title.getText()) ... } }
65. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class.java) class FullOrderTest { ... @Test fun shouldOrderThreeEspressos() { ... onView(withId(R.id.pay)).perform(click()) mDevice.openNotification() mDevice.wait(Until.hasObject( By.text(NOTIFICATION_TITLE)), TIMEOUT) val title = mDevice.findObject( By.text(NOTIFICATION_TITLE)) assertEquals(NOTIFICATION_TITLE, title.getText()) ... } }
66. Q & A 1. Testing Support library https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/testing-support-library/ 2. Android Testing Codelab https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/android-testing/ 3. Espresso https://developer.android.com/training/testing/espresso/ 4. UiAutomator https://developer.android.com/training/testing/ui-automator.html 5. Blog http://alexzh.com/