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How to create fast and stable UI tests

Alex Zhukovich
September 09, 2020

How to create fast and stable UI tests

Apps are growing. They become more complex and require more testing. It means that it is time to integrate automated tests to your project in an efficient way because they should be fast and stable. In this talk, we will explore how to create fast and stable UI tests, avoid flaky tests, and how DSL can speed up adding stable UI tests.
All examples will be based on Android platforms, but many approaches can be applied to other platforms.

Alex Zhukovich

September 09, 2020
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  1. public class SampleTest { private AndroidDriver driver; @Before public void

    setUp() throws MalformedURLException { DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformName", "Android"); desiredCapabilities.setCapability("ensureWebviewsHavePages", true); URL remoteUrl = new URL("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub"); driver = new AndroidDriver(remoteUrl, desiredCapabilities); } @Test public void sampleTest() { MobileElement el7 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementById("com.alexzh.imbarista:id/emailEditText"); el7.sendKeys("[email protected]"); MobileElement el8 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementById("com.alexzh.imbarista:id/passwordEditText"); el8.sendKeys("test"); MobileElement el9 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementById("com.alexzh.imbarista:id/loginButton"); el9.click(); MobileElement el10 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("Profile"); el10.click(); MobileElement el11 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("More options"); el11.click(); MobileElement el12 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementByXPath("/hierarchy/android.widget.FrameLayout/android.widget.FrameLayout/android.widget.ListView/android.widget.LinearLayout[2] /android.widget.LinearLayout/android.widget.RelativeLayout/android.widget.TextView"); el12.click(); } @After public void tearDown() { driver.quit(); } } Appium Recorder
  2. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) public class RecorderActivityTest { @Rule public ActivityTestRule<SplashActivity> mActivityTestRule =

    new ActivityTestRule<>(SplashActivity.class); @Test public void recorderActivityTest() { ViewInteraction textInputEditText = onView( allOf(withId(R.id.emailEditText), childAtPosition(childAtPosition(withId(R.id.emailInputLayout),0),0))); textInputEditText.perform(scrollTo(), replaceText("[email protected]"), closeSoftKeyboard()); ViewInteraction textInputEditText2 = onView( allOf(withId(R.id.passwordEditText),childAtPosition(childAtPosition(withId(R.id.passwordInputLayout), 0), 0))); textInputEditText2.perform(scrollTo(), replaceText("test"), closeSoftKeyboard()); ViewInteraction materialButton = onView( allOf(withId(R.id.loginButton), withText("Login"), childAtPosition(childAtPosition(withId(R.id.scrollView2), 0), 4))); materialButton.perform(scrollTo(), click()); ViewInteraction bottomNavigationItemView = onView( allOf( withId(R.id.navigation_profile), withContentDescription("Profile"), childAtPosition(childAtPosition(withId(R.id.navigation), 0), 2), isDisplayed() )); bottomNavigationItemView.perform(click()); ViewInteraction overflowMenuButton = onView( allOf(withContentDescription("More options"), childAtPosition(childAtPosition(withId(R.id.toolbar), 1), 0), isDisplayed())); overflowMenuButton.perform(click()); ViewInteraction appCompatTextView = onView( allOf(withId(R.id.title), withText("Log Out"), childAtPosition(childAtPosition(withId(R.id.content), 0), 0), isDisplayed())); appCompatTextView.perform(click()); } ... } Espresso Test Recorder
  3. val textInputEditText = onView( allOf( withId(R.id.emailEditText), childAtPosition( childAtPosition( withId(R.id.emailInputLayout), 0

    ), 0 ) ) ) textInputEditText.perform(scrollTo(), replaceText("[email protected]"), closeSoftKeyboard()) val textInputEditText2 = onView( allOf( withId(R.id.passwordEditText), childAtPosition( childAtPosition( withId(R.id.passwordInputLayout), 0 ), 0 ) ) ) textInputEditText2.perform(scrollTo(), replaceText("test"), closeSoftKeyboard()) val materialButton = onView( allOf( withId(R.id.loginButton), withText("Login"), childAtPosition( childAtPosition( withId(R.id.scrollView2), 0 ), 4 ) ) ) materialButton.perform(scrollTo(), click()) onView(withId(R.id.emailEditText)) .perform(replaceText("[email protected]")) onView(withId(R.id.passwordEditText)) .perform(replaceText("test")) onView(withId(R.id.loginButton)) .perform(click())
  4. @Test fun shouldDisplayErrorWhenPasswordIsBlank() { val email = "[email protected]" val password

    = "" onView(withId(R.id.emailEditText)) .perform(replaceText(email)) onView(withId(R.id.passwordEditText)) .perform(replaceText(password)) onView(withId(R.id.loginButton)) .perform(click()) onView(withText(R.string.password_is_blank)) .check(matches(isDisplayed())) }
  5. onView(withId(R.id.emailEditText)) .perform(replaceText(email)) onView(withId(R.id.passwordEditText)) .perform(replaceText(password), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.loginButton)) .perform(click()) val progressBarIR =

    ViewVisibilityIdlingResource(...) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().register(progressBarIR) onView(withId(R.id.recyclerView)) .check(matches(withItemCount(13))) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().unregister(progressBarIR) onView(withId(R.id.navigation_profile)) .perform(click()) ...
  6. // -- LOGIN -- onView(withId(R.id.emailEditText)) .perform(replaceText(email)) onView(withId(R.id.passwordEditText)) .perform(replaceText(password), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.loginButton))

    .perform(click()) // -- HOME SCREEN -- val progressBarIR = ViewVisibilityIdlingResource(...) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().register(progressBarIR) onView(withId(R.id.recyclerView)) .check(matches(withItemCount(13))) IdlingRegistry.getInstance().unregister(progressBarIR) onView(withId(R.id.navigation_profile)) .perform(click()) ...
  7. Scenario: 1. Login to application 2. Open Profile screen 3.

    Check name and email 4. Open menu 5. Logout from application
  8. loginScreen { enterEmail(EMAIL) enterPassword(PASSWORD) pressLogin() } homeScreen { waitCoffeeDrinks() pressProfile()

    } profileScreen { waitUserData() hasEmail(EMAIL) hasUserName(USER_NAME) openMenu() pressLogout() } loginScreen { isOpen() } loginScreen { login(EMAIL, PASSWORD) } homeScreen { navigateToProfile() } profileScreen { hasEmail(EMAIL) hasUserName(USER_NAME) logout() } loginScreen { isOpen() }
  9. // LOGIN onView(withId(R.id.email)) .perform(replaceText(EMAIL)) onView(withId(R.id.password)) .perform(replaceText(PASSWORD)) onView(withId(R.id.login)) .perform(click()) open class

    BaseTestRobot { fun enterText( viewId: Int, text: String ) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(replaceText(text)) } fun clickOnView(viewId: Int) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(click()) } }
  10. // LOGIN onView(withId(R.id.email)) .perform(replaceText(EMAIL)) onView(withId(R.id.password)) .perform(replaceText(PASSWORD)) onView(withId(R.id.login)) .perform(click()) open class

    BaseTestRobot { fun enterText(viewId: Int, text: String) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(replaceText(text)) } fun clickOnView(viewId: Int) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(click()) } } class LoginScreenRobot : BaseTestRobot() { fun login( email: String, password: String ) { enterText(R.id.email, email) enterText(R.id.password, password) clickOnView(R.id.loginButton) } }
  11. // LOGIN onView(withId(R.id.email)) .perform(replaceText(EMAIL)) onView(withId(R.id.password)) .perform(replaceText(PASSWORD)) onView(withId(R.id.login)) .perform(click()) open class

    BaseTestRobot { fun enterText(viewId: Int, text: String) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(replaceText(text)) } fun clickOnView(viewId: Int) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(click()) } } class LoginScreenRobot : BaseTestRobot() { fun login(email: String, password: String) { enterText(R.id.email, email) enterText(R.id.password, password) clickOnView(R.id.loginButton) } } fun loginScreen( func: LoginScreenRobot.() -> Unit ) = LoginScreenRobot().apply { func() }
  12. // LOGIN onView(withId(R.id.email)) .perform(replaceText(EMAIL)) onView(withId(R.id.password)) .perform(replaceText(PASSWORD)) onView(withId(R.id.login)) .perform(click()) loginScreen {

    login(EMAIL, PASSWORD) } open class BaseTestRobot { fun enterText(viewId: Int, text: String) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(replaceText(text)) } fun clickOnView(viewId: Int) { onView(withId(viewId)) .perform(click()) } } class LoginScreenRobot : BaseTestRobot() { fun login(email: String, password: String) { enterText(R.id.email, email) enterText(R.id.password, password) clickOnView(R.id.loginButton) } } fun loginScreen( func: LoginScreenRobot.() -> Unit ) = LoginScreenRobot().apply { func() }
  13. loginScreen { enterEmail(EMAIL) enterPassword(PASSWORD) pressLogin() } homeScreen { waitCoffeeDrinks() pressProfile()

    } profileScreen { waitUserData() hasEmail(EMAIL) hasUserName(USER_NAME) openMenu() pressLogout() } loginScreen { isOpen() } loginScreen { login(EMAIL, PASSWORD) } homeScreen { navigateToProfile() } profileScreen { hasEmail(EMAIL) hasUserName(USER_NAME) logout() } loginScreen { isOpen() }
  14. End to End tests Functional tests 1 1 Entry point

    Start test from the main screen 2 Interaction with server Verification interaction with server 3 Navigation Verification navigation between screens Entry point Start application from any screen 2 Interaction with server Usually no interaction with prod server 3 Navigation Usually no navigation between screen Navigation between neighbor screens 4 UI verification Fast verification of UI components 4 App verification Slow verification of entire product