Microservices Testing Strategies

@arafkarsh arafkarsh
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a tech presentorial
Combination of
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ARAF KARSH HAMID
Co-Founder / CTO
MetaMagic Global Inc., NJ, USA
@arafkarsh
arafkarsh
1
Microservices
Architecture Series
Building Cloud Native Apps
Testing Strategies
Behavior Driven Design
JUnit 5, TestNG, Spring Spock
Cucumber, Selenium, Mockito,
WireMock, Pact
Part 8 of 15

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@arafkarsh arafkarsh 2
Slides are color coded based on the topic colors.
Microservices
Testing Strategies
1
Unit Testing
JUnit 5
2
Behavior Driven
Development
Cucumber, Selenium
Mockito
3
Integration /
Contract Testing
WireMock, Pact
4

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Agile
Scrum (4-6 Weeks)
Developer Journey
Monolithic
Domain Driven Design
Event Sourcing and CQRS
Waterfall
Optional
Design
Patterns
Continuous Integration (CI)
6/12 Months
Enterprise Service Bus
Relational Database [SQL] / NoSQL
Development QA / QC Ops
3
Microservices
Scrum / Kanban (1-5 Days)
Mandatory
Design
Patterns
Infrastructure Design Patterns
CI
DevOps
Event Streaming / Replicated Logs
SQL NoSQL
CD
Container Orchestrator Service Mesh

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Microservices Testing Strategies
• Unit testing
• Component testing
• Integration Contract testing
• Integration testing
4
1

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5
E2E
Testing
Integration
Testing
Contract Testing
Component Testing
Unit Testing
Number of Tests
Speed
Cost
Time
Mike Cohen’s Testing Pyramid
Test Pyramid: https://martinfowler.com/bliki/TestPyramid.html
70%
20%
10%
Ubiquitous
Language
Domain
Expert
Analyst Developers
QA
Design
Docs
Test Cases
Code
Architect

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Other Testing Strategies or Anti Patterns
6
End 2 End
Testing
Integration
Testing
Unit
Testing
Inverted Pyramid /
Ice Cream Cone Strategy
Unit Testing
Integration Testing
End 2 End
Testing
Hour Glass Strategy
70%
20%
10%
45%
45%
10%

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Microservices Testing Strategy
7
Unit Testing
A unit test exercises the
smallest piece of testable
software in the application
to determine whether it
behaves as expected.
Source: https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservice-testing/#agenda
Component Testing
A component test limits the
scope of the exercised
software to a portion of the
system under test,
manipulating the system
through internal code
interfaces and using test
doubles to isolate the code
under test from other
components.
Integration Testing
An integration test verifies
the communication paths
and interactions between
components to detect
interface defects
Integration Contract Testing
An Integration Contract test is a
test at the boundary of an
external service verifying that it
meets the contract expected by a
consuming service.
End 2 End Testing
An end-to-end test verifies that a
system meets external
requirements and achieves its
goals, testing the entire system,
from end to end
Say NO to End 2 End Tests - Mike
Walker April 22, 2015. Google Test Blog

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Microservices Testing Scenarios / Tools
8
Testing Tools
Contract Testing Scope
Integration Testing
Verifies the communication
paths and interactions between
components to detect interface
defects
Contract Testing
It is a test at the boundary of an
consuming service.
Payment Mock
Integration Contract Testing Scope
Test Double
Montebank
Cart
Component Testing
Unit
Testing
Integration Testing Scope
Order
REST / HTTP or
Events / Kafka
Item ID,
Quantity,
Address..
Mock Order
Component Testing
system under test.
Order
Payment
Unit
Testing
Firewall
REST / HTTP
Payment
Sandbox
Component
Testing
U

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Junit 5
5.7.2
Cucumber
6.10.4
Mockito
3.11.2
Selenium
4.0.0
WireMock
2.29.1
Pact
4.0.10
9
Source: https://github.com/MetaArivu/ms-order-service

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Package Structure
10
1. Order Service
2. Payment Service
3. Packing Service
4. Shipping Service
5. Warehouse Service
6. Delivery City Service
Services
1. Order Controller
Controllers
Source: https://github.com/MetaArivu/ms-order-service

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Order Service API Calls
11
http://localhost:90880/swagger-ui.html
Based on Open API v3

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JUnit 5
• JUnit 5 Testing
• Annotations
• Tags and Filtering
• Meta Annotations
• Basic Assertions in JUnit 5
• Testing Categories
12
2

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JUnit 5 – Unit Testing
13
Assert
@BeforeAll
@BeforeEach
@Test
@AfterEach
@AfterAll
System
Under
Test
All the
Test
Cases
Setup
Check
Verify
Teardown
Test Suites
Teardown All
Setup All

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JUnit 5 – Test Annotations
14
@Test
@RepeatedTest
@ParametrizedTest
@NestedTest
@ValueSource
@EnumSource
@MethodSource
@CsvSource
@CsvFileSource
@ArgumentSource
@DisplayName
Give meaningful name
for your tests
@Tag
Categorize and Filter
your tests.
@Order
Execute your tests in a
specific order.
@Disabled
Disables your test

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JUnit 5 – Tags and Filtering
15
Functional
Non-Functional
Performance
Usability
Security
Accessibility
Stress
Load

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JUnit 5 – Meta Annotations
16
Non-Functional
Performance
Load

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Filtering in POM File using Sure Fire Plugin
1. Using Tags, you can filter specific
tests to get executed in your build
process.
2. For Ex. If you tags like All, Unit,
Components, Contract, and
Integration and you want to run
only Component and Contract
Testing and exclude Non-
Functional Tests. Then

Component, Contract

Non-Functional

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Basic Assertions in JUnit 5
18
Assertion Details
fail Fails a test with a given message and or Exception
assertTrue Validates that the supplied Condition is True
assertFalse Validates that the supplied Condition is False
assertNull Validates the the supplied Object is Null
assertEquals Validates that 2 supplied Objects are equal
assertArrayEquals Validates that 2 supplied Arrays are equals
assertIterableEquals Validates that 2 supplied Iterable Objects are equal.
assertLineMatch Validates that 2 lines of Strings are equal.
assertNotEquals Validates that 2 supplied Objects are NOT Equal
assertSame Validates that 2 Object are same – compared with ==
assertNotSame Validates that 2 Objects are not same – compared with !=

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Assertions in JUnit 5
19
Assertion Details
assertAll Groups different Assertion at the same time
assertThrows
To verify that a given Exception is thrown from piece
of code.
assertTimeout Verifies the timeout of a given operation
assertTimeoutPreemptively If the timeout exceeds then terminated.
3rd Party Assertions
assertThat
An object is matched with a Matcher to see if it
meets the expectation.

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JUnit 4 >> JUnit 5
20
JUnit 4 JUnit 5
@BeforeClass Executed Before All @Test in the Current Class @BeforeAll
@Before Executed Before each @Test @BeforeEach
@After Executed After Each @Test @AfterEach
@AfterClass Executed After All @Test in the Current Class @AfterAll
@Category To Group the test cases @Tag

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Junit 5 – Parametrized Tests
21
Value Source
Enum Source

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JUnit 5 – Parametrized Tests
22
CSV Source
CSV File Source

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23
Method Source

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24
Argument Source
Argument Source Provider

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JUnit 5 – Nested Tests
25

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JUnit 5 – Repeated Tests
26

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Cucumber
Behavior Driven Development
27
3

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Features of BDD
28
• Focus on Behavior of the System
rather than tests.
• Collaboration between Business
Stake holders, Analysts,
Developers, QA.
• Ubiquitous Language
• Driven By Business Value
• Extends Test Driven Development
https://cucumber.io/
Free and Open-Source Framework for
Java Stack.
Free and Open Source BDD
Framework for .Net Stack
https://specflow.org/

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Behavior Driven Development
29
Source: https://dannorth.net/introducing-bdd/
As an insurance Broker
I want to know who my Gold Customers are
So that I sell more
Given Customer John Doe exists
When
he buys insurance ABC for
$1000 USD
Then He becomes a Gold Customer
BDD Construct
Role-Feature-Reason Matrix
As a Customer
I want to withdraw Cash from ATM
So that I don’t have to wait in line at the bank
Given
The account is in Credit
AND the Card is Valid
AND the dispenser contains Cash
BDD Construct
When The Customer requests Cash
Then
Ensure that the Account is debited
AND Ensure cash is dispensed
AND ensure that Card is returned.

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Theme/Epic – Shopping Portal / Cart
30
As a Consumer
I want to Add a Product to Cart
So that I can buy the product
User Story – 1 : Add to Cart
BDD Acceptance Criteria – 1: Add to Cart
Given The user logged into the portal and a Product is
selected and Product details are available
When The user then clicks Add to Cart Button
Then The system will add the Item (Product) into the
card and Updates Item counter in the Cart Icon
AND Saves the Cart information in the DB
AND if the save fails the system shows an Error
“Unable to Add Product to the Cart”.
BDD Acceptance Criteria – 2: Save Cart
Given The Request is authenticated
When The Input contains user login id, product
id
Then The system will add the Item (Product)
into the Cart & Saves the Cart
information in the DB
AND if the save fails the system shows
an Error “Unable to Add Product to the
Cart”.

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Theme/Epic – Shopping Portal / Customer
31
As a Consumer
I want to Select Shipping Address
So that I can ship the items to that Address
User Story – 3 : Select Address BDD Acceptance Criteria – 1 : Show Address
Given The user in the Shopping Cart Page
When User Clicks Proceed to Buy Button
Then The System shows the Available Address for
Shipping
BDD Acceptance Criteria – 2 : Select Address
Given The user in the Shopping Cart Page with
Available Shipping Address
When User Selects Address and Clicks Proceed to
Buy
Then The System save the Temp Order details
from Items from Shopping and Selected
Shipping Address
AND this details are valid only for the user
session. If the order is not placed Temp
Order items will be put back in Cart DB
BDD Acceptance Criteria – 3 : Save Temp Order
When Input contains user login id, items, shipping
address
Then The System save the Temp Order details
from Items from Shopping and Selected
Shipping Address
AND this details are valid only for the user
session. If the order is not placed Temp
Order items will be put back in Cart DB

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Theme/Epic – Shopping Portal / Order
32
As a Consumer
I want to Process the Order
So that I can buy products
User Story – 1 : Process Order
BDD Acceptance Criteria – 1 : Add Payment
Given The user in the Order Cart Page with Items
and selected Shipping Address
When User Selects Payment Option As Credit Card
AND Input the Credit Card Details in the
following fields Card Name, Card No. Expiry
Date, CVV Number
Then The System Validates the Credit Card
Number and the Expiry Date and Card Name
& CVV Must NOT be Null
IF Invalid Systems says invalid Payment
details else
Saves the info and proceed for payment.
BDD Acceptance Criteria – 3 : Save Payment
When Input contains user login id, order id,
payment details (card number only last 4
digits)
Then The System Validates the Credit Card
Number and the Expiry Date and Card Name
and CVV Must NOT be Null
IF Invalid Systems returns invalid Payment
details
ELSE
Saves the following info Card Name, Card
Number (only last 4 digits), Expiry Date
BDD Acceptance Criteria – 3 : Payment Gateway
When Input contains Valid payment details
Then With the Valid Payment Details System calls
External Payment Service for Payment
Processing and Returns Result to Calling
System

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As a Patient
I want to get diagnosed by a Doctor
So that I can be healthy again
User Story – 1 : Patient Diagnosis
BDD Acceptance Criteria – 1 : Show Patient Info
Given The Patient John Doe Exists and has an
Appointment with the doctor
When The Doctor selects the Patient Info
Then The System shows the Patient Info with
following details
Patient Name, Age, Gender, Contact No. and
the Health info contains the following
Pulse, Blood Pressure, Height and Weight
BDD Acceptance Criteria – 2 : Add Diagnosis
Given Patient Details are Available
When Doctor Selects Add Diagnosis
Then The system shows a text area for adding the
diagnosis and the doctor can add multiple
diagnosis.
BDD Acceptance Criteria – 4 : Save Diagnosis
When Input contains Patient Diagnosis Details
Then With the Valid Patient Diagnosis Details and
the system will save the data send the
response back to the user.
BDD Acceptance Criteria – 3 : Add Prescription
Given Patient Details & Diagnosis are Available
When Doctor Selects Add Prescription
Then The system shows a text area for adding the
prescription, and the frequency of usage in a
day and for how many days, and the doctor
can add multiple prescription.
Theme/Epic –
Hospital / Diagnosis
33

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BDD Specs
34
BDD Style Specs for Searching for a
Product in Amazon

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Cucumber JUnit 4 Integration
35
Specs Definition
Steps for Testing

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Step Definitions
36
Dependency Injection

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Specs for Payment Criteria
37

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Cucumber Junit 4 Integration
38
Specs Definition
Steps for Testing

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Mockito
Component / Mock / Contract Testing
39

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Mock Testing Tools Trends for Last 5 Years
40

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Mockito Concepts
41
Verify
3. Verify Expectations
and Results Verify Result
1. Set the expectations Expect When()
Then Return()
Use
2. Use the object being
tested
Test your Component

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Annotation – @Mock, @InjectMock
42
Create Mocks for
1. Repository
2. Payment Service
Inject the Mocks into
Order Service
Scenario
Create Mocks for the following
1. Repository Service
2. Payment Service
Annotations
• @Mock
• @InjectMocks
Test Cases
1. Given a Valid Order
2. Test for Payment Accepted
3. Test for Payment Declined

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Conditions – when().thenReturn()
43
Test Cases
1. Given a Valid Order
2. Test for Payment Accepted
3. Test for Payment Declined

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Annotation - @Spy
44
Spy works on the Actual
Implementation
Inject the Mocks
into Order Service
Scenario
1. Packaging Service
2. Shipping Service
Annotations
• @Spy
• @Mock
• @InjectMocks
Test Cases
1. Given a Valid Paid Order
2. Test for Packaging
3. Test for Shipping

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Annotation - @Spy
45
Scenario – 1
2. Shipping Service
Annotations
• @Spy
• @Mock
• @InjectMocks
Test Cases

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Annotation – @Spy
46
Scenario – 2
2. Shipping Service
Annotations
• @Spy
• @Mock
• @InjectMocks
Test Cases

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Annotation – @Spy
47
Scenario – 3
2. Shipping Service
Annotations
• @Spy
• @Mock
• @InjectMocks
Test Cases

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Advanced Features
48
Scenario
Shipping Service with Delivery City
Details for the final Shipment
Mockito Advanced Features
1. Ordering the Input – InOrder
2. Argument Matcher
3. Counts
4. Built In Answer
5. Storing Arguments – Captor
6. Throwing Exceptions

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Advanced Features – InOrder
49

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Advanced Features – Argument Matcher
50

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Advanced Features – Count : External Calls
51

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Advanced Features – Built in Answers
52

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Advanced Features – Built in Answers
53

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Advanced Features – Captor : Argument Capture
54

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Advanced Features – Catching Exception
55

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SpringBootTest 2
With JUnit 5
56

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Spring Boot Test
57
1. Getting Application
Context
2. Auto wiring the
dependencies
3. JUnit 5 Based
Examples
ü This is required for
WireMock and Pact
Actual Payment Service
Implementation is loaded

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SpringBootTest POM Config for JUnit 5
58
Exclude Default JUnit 4
SBT v 2.5.3

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WireMock, Pact
Integration / Contract Testing
59
4

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WireMock
o Without SpringBootTest
o With SpringBootTest
60

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WireMock Architecture
61
Service (Client) WireMock
Request Mapping
Response Data
HTTP/S Calls

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Use Case – Order and Payment Service
62
Worker
Nodes
Order Pod
Order Pod
Order Pod
Order Service
N4
N3
MySQL
DB
EndPoints
N2
Payment Pod
Payment Pod
Payment Pod
Payment
Service
Service Call
Kube DNS
EndPoints
1. Order and Payment Service
are loosely coupled.
2. Both need to be tested
without any dependencies.
3. Payment Service is an
External Service, So a Mock
Server is required to do the
integration Testing.

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WireMock – Setup
63
1. WireMock Mock
Payment Server is setup.
2. Payment Service is
initialized with Payment
Gateway (Pointing to
Mock HTTP Server).
3. Step 2 is required if
SpringBootTest is Not
used.

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WireMock – Payment Accepted
64

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WireMock – Payment Declined
65

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WireMock with SpringBootTest
66
Actual Payment Service &
Config Implementation is
loaded

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PACT
o Consumer Driven Contracts
o Provider Verification
o Pact Broker
o Comparison Mockito / WireMock / Pact
67

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Use Case – Product and Product Review Service
68
Worker
Nodes
Product Pod
Product Pod
Product Pod
Product
Service
N4
N3
MySQL
DB
EndPoints
N2
Review Pod
Review Pod
Review Pod
Review
Service
N4
N3
N1
Service Call
Kube DNS
EndPoints
Mongo
DB
1. Product and Product
Reviews are two
Microservices getting
developed independently.
2. Both need to be tested
without any dependencies.
3. Contract is driven by
Product Service (Consumer
of Product Review).

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E2E Testing Vs. Integration Testing
69
Product
Service
Mock
Provider
Review
Service
Review
Service
Mock
Consumer
Product
Service
Break the Test into 2 independently testable units.
Product
Service
Review
Service
End 2 End Testing
is Time Consuming
and Error Prone

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PACT Architecture – Consumer Testing
70
Product
Service
Mock
Provider
Expected Request
Minimal Response
Interaction
• Pact = A contract between
Consumer and Provider
• Each Pact is a collection of
interactions
Compare
Reply
Expected Request
Minimal Response
Interaction
Provider State
Pact – Contract between
Consumer & Provider
Once the Consumer Testing
is done Pact file is generated
by Pact Framework
Pact Broker
Publish Pacts to
Pact Broker
pact-broker publish --consumer-app-version 1.0.0 --broker-base-url https://broker.com
--broker-token SomeToken /path/to/pacts/consumer-provider.json --tag master
$>

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PACT Architecture – Provider Testing
71
Review
Service
Mock
Consumer
Expected Request
Minimal Response
Interaction
Provider State
Compare
Send
Once the Consumer
Testing is done Pact
file is generated by
Pact Framework
Expected Request
Minimal Response
Interaction
Provider State
Pact – Contract between
Consumer & Provider

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Pact Definition
72
Provider Name
Consumer Name
Contract Definition
• @PactTestFor : Provider
• @Pact : Consumer
• Building Request /
Response Pact

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Pact Definition
73
Consumer Name
Contract Definition
• @PactTestFor : Provider
• @Pact : Consumer
• Building Request /
Response Pact
• Running Consumer Pact
Test

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Pact Contract JSON
74
1. Contract Defines the
Provider and Consumer
2. N number of Interactions
can be defined under a
single Contract
3. Interaction Defines
Request, Response,
Provider States, Rules etc.
4. Pact Specs v3.0

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Pact : When to use?
75
ü Development of Consumer / Provider is
controlled by your team/department/org.
ü No. of Consumers are small for a given
Provider
ü Consumer and Provider are under active
development.
ü Consumer Driven Contract – Provider
features are driven by Consumer.
ü Provider team can easily control the data
in the response.
Pact is Good for When
Source: https://docs.pact.io/getting_started/what_is_pact_good_for
ü Both teams (Consumer & Provider)
don’t use Pact.
ü When the Consumers can’t be
identified (Public APIs)
ü Functional / Behavior Testing of the
Provider
ü Functionality is Driven by the
Provider.
ü Performance and Load Testing
ü You can’t control the Response Data.
Pact is NOT Good When

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Comparison – Mockito / Pact
76
# Feature Mockito WireMock Pact
TEST SCOPE >>> API Wire Inter Service
1 Contract Testing Yes Yes Yes
2 Behavior / Functional Testing Yes
3 Test Double (Mock Provider) Yes
4
Consumer / Provider Testing using Shared
Contract
Yes
5 Mock System (For Consumer / Provider) Yes Yes
6 Multi Protocol Support (HTTP, Messaging) HTTP Yes
7 Centralized Contract Management Yes
8 API Documentation and Version Management Yes
9 Record and Playback Yes Yes
10 Supports JSON/XML Yes Yes

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Microservices Testing Scenarios / Tools
77
Testing Tools
Contract Testing Scope
Integration Testing
Verifies the communication
paths and interactions between
components to detect interface
defects
Contract Testing
It is a test at the boundary of an
consuming service.
Payment Mock
Integration Contract Testing Scope
Test Double
Montebank
Cart
Component Testing
Unit
Testing
Order
REST / HTTP or
Events / Kafka
Item ID,
Quantity,
Address..
Mock Order
Component Testing
system under test.
Order
Payment
Unit
Testing
Firewall
REST / HTTP
Payment
Sandbox
Component
Testing
U

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78
E2E
Testing
Integration
Testing
Contract Testing
Component Testing
Unit Testing
Number of Tests
Speed
Cost
Time
Mike Cohen’s Testing Pyramid
Test Pyramid: https://martinfowler.com/bliki/TestPyramid.html
75%
25%
0%
Ubiquitous
Language
Domain
Expert
Analyst Developers
QA
Design
Docs
Test Cases
Code
Architect

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Chaos Engineering – Load / Stress / Performance
79
Chaos Monkey Randomly disables production instances
Chaos Kong
Similar to Chaos Monkey, simulates an outage of an
entire Amazon availability zone.
Doctor Monkey
Checks CPU load, Memory usage and removes it
from network if the health is bad.
Janitor Monkey Search for unused resources and disposes them.
Compliance Monkey
Finds instances that don’t adhere to best-practices
and shuts them down.
Latency Monkey Induces Artificial delays
Security Monkey
Is an extension of Compliance Monkey. Find security
vulnerabilities and terminates offending instances.
Source: https://github.com/Netflix/SimianArmy/wiki
Source: http://principlesofchaos.org/

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Testing Strategy Summary
80
1. Unit Testing
A unit test exercises the smallest piece of testable software.
2. Component Testing
A component test limits the scope of the exercised software to a portion of the system
under test.
3. Contract Testing
It is a test at the boundary of an external service verifying that it meets the contract
expected by a consuming service
4. Integration Testing
It verifies the communication paths and interactions between components to detect
interface defects.

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100s Microservices
1,000s Releases / Day
10,000s Virtual Machines
100K+ User actions / Second
81 M Customers Globally
1 B Time series Metrics
10 B Hours of video streaming
every quarter
Source: NetFlix: : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTKIT6STSVM
10s OPs Engineers
0 NOC
0 Data Centers
So what do NetFlix think about DevOps?
No DevOps
Don’t do lot of Process / Procedures
Freedom for Developers & be Accountable
Trust people you Hire
No Controls / Silos / Walls / Fences
Ownership – You Build it, You Run it.

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Design Patterns are
solutions to general
problems that
software developers
faced during software
development.
Design Patterns

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DREAM | AUTOMATE | EMPOWER
Araf Karsh Hamid :
India: +91.999.545.8627
http://www.slideshare.net/arafkarsh
https://www.linkedin.com/in/arafkarsh/
https://www.youtube.com/user/arafkarsh/playlists
http://www.arafkarsh.com/
@arafkarsh
arafkarsh

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Source Code: https://github.com/MetaArivu Web Site: https://metarivu.com/ https://pyxida.cloud/

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http://www.slideshare.net/arafkarsh

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References
86
1. July 15, 2015 – Agile is Dead : GoTo 2015 By Dave Thomas
2. Apr 7, 2016 - Agile Project Management with Kanban | Eric Brechner | Talks at Google
3. Sep 27, 2017 - Scrum vs Kanban - Two Agile Teams Go Head-to-Head
4. Feb 17, 2019 - Lean vs Agile vs Design Thinking
5. Dec 17, 2020 - Scrum vs Kanban | Differences & Similarities Between Scrum & Kanban
6. Feb 24, 2021 - Agile Methodology Tutorial for Beginners | Jira Tutorial | Agile Methodology Explained.
Agile Methodologies

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References
87
1. Vmware: What is Cloud Architecture?
2. Redhat: What is Cloud Architecture?
3. Cloud Computing Architecture
4. Cloud Adoption Essentials:
5. Google: Hybrid and Multi Cloud
6. IBM: Hybrid Cloud Architecture Intro
7. IBM: Hybrid Cloud Architecture: Part 1
8. IBM: Hybrid Cloud Architecture: Part 2
9. Cloud Computing Basics: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
1. IBM: IaaS Explained
2. IBM: PaaS Explained
3. IBM: SaaS Explained
4. IBM: FaaS Explained
5. IBM: What is Hypervisor?
Cloud Architecture

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References
88
Microservices
1. Microservices Definition by Martin Fowler
2. When to use Microservices By Martin Fowler
3. GoTo: Sep 3, 2020: When to use Microservices By Martin Fowler
4. GoTo: Feb 26, 2020: Monolith Decomposition Pattern
5. Thought Works: Microservices in a Nutshell
6. Microservices Prerequisites
7. What do you mean by Event Driven?
8. Understanding Event Driven Design Patterns for Microservices

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References – Microservices – Videos
89
1. Martin Fowler – Micro Services : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yko4TbC8cI&feature=youtu.be&t=15m53s
2. GOTO 2016 – Microservices at NetFlix Scale: Principles, Tradeoffs & Lessons Learned. By R Meshenberg
3. Mastering Chaos – A NetFlix Guide to Microservices. By Josh Evans
4. GOTO 2015 – Challenges Implementing Micro Services By Fred George
5. GOTO 2016 – From Monolith to Microservices at Zalando. By Rodrigue Scaefer
6. GOTO 2015 – Microservices @ Spotify. By Kevin Goldsmith
7. Modelling Microservices @ Spotify : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XDA044tl8k
8. GOTO 2015 – DDD & Microservices: At last, Some Boundaries By Eric Evans
9. GOTO 2016 – What I wish I had known before Scaling Uber to 1000 Services. By Matt Ranney
10. DDD Europe – Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software By Eric Evans, April 11, 2016
11. AWS re:Invent 2016 – From Monolithic to Microservices: Evolving Architecture Patterns. By Emerson L, Gilt D. Chiles
12. AWS 2017 – An overview of designing Microservices based Applications on AWS. By Peter Dalbhanjan
13. GOTO Jun, 2017 – Effective Microservices in a Data Centric World. By Randy Shoup.
14. GOTO July, 2017 – The Seven (more) Deadly Sins of Microservices. By Daniel Bryant
15. Sept, 2017 – Airbnb, From Monolith to Microservices: How to scale your Architecture. By Melanie Cubula
16. GOTO Sept, 2017 – Rethinking Microservices with Stateful Streams. By Ben Stopford.
17. GOTO 2017 – Microservices without Servers. By Glynn Bird.

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References
90
1. Oct 27, 2012 What I have learned about DDD Since the book. By Eric Evans
2. Mar 19, 2013 Domain Driven Design By Eric Evans
3. Jun 02, 2015 Applied DDD in Java EE 7 and Open Source World
4. Aug 23, 2016 Domain Driven Design the Good Parts By Jimmy Bogard
5. Sep 22, 2016 GOTO 2015 – DDD & REST Domain Driven API’s for the Web. By Oliver Gierke
6. Jan 24, 2017 Spring Developer – Developing Micro Services with Aggregates. By Chris Richardson
7. May 17. 2017 DEVOXX – The Art of Discovering Bounded Contexts. By Nick Tune
8. Dec 21, 2019 What is DDD - Eric Evans - DDD Europe 2019. By Eric Evans
9. Oct 2, 2020 - Bounded Contexts - Eric Evans - DDD Europe 2020. By. Eric Evans
10. Oct 2, 2020 - DDD By Example - Paul Rayner - DDD Europe 2020. By Paul Rayner

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References
91
1. IBM: Event Driven Architecture – Mar 21, 2021
2. Martin Fowler: Event Driven Architecture – GOTO 2017
3. Greg Young: A Decade of DDD, Event Sourcing & CQRS – April 11, 2016
4. Nov 13, 2014 GOTO 2014 – Event Sourcing. By Greg Young
5. Mar 22, 2016 Building Micro Services with Event Sourcing and CQRS
6. Apr 15, 2016 YOW! Nights – Event Sourcing. By Martin Fowler
7. May 08, 2017 When Micro Services Meet Event Sourcing. By Vinicius Gomes

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References
92
Kafka
1. Understanding Kafka
2. Understanding RabbitMQ
3. IBM: Apache Kafka – Sept 18, 2020
4. Confluent: Apache Kafka Fundamentals – April 25, 2020
5. Confluent: How Kafka Works – Aug 25, 2020
6. Confluent: How to integrate Kafka into your environment – Aug 25, 2020
7. Kafka Streams – Sept 4, 2021
8. Kafka: Processing Streaming Data with KSQL – Jul 16, 2018
9. Kafka: Processing Streaming Data with KSQL – Nov 28, 2019

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References
93
Databases: Big Data / Cloud Databases
1. Google: How to Choose the right database?
2. AWS: Choosing the right Database
3. IBM: NoSQL Vs. SQL
4. A Guide to NoSQL Databases
5. How does NoSQL Databases Work?
6. What is Better? SQL or NoSQL?
7. What is DBaaS?
8. NoSQL Concepts
9. Key Value Databases
10. Document Databases
11. Jun 29, 2012 – Google I/O 2012 - SQL vs NoSQL: Battle of the Backends
12. Feb 19, 2013 - Introduction to NoSQL • Martin Fowler • GOTO 2012
13. Jul 25, 2018 - SQL vs NoSQL or MySQL vs MongoDB
14. Oct 30, 2020 - Column vs Row Oriented Databases Explained
15. Dec 9, 2020 - How do NoSQL databases work? Simply Explained!
1. Graph Databases
2. Column Databases
3. Row Vs. Column Oriented Databases
4. Database Indexing Explained
5. MongoDB Indexing
6. AWS: DynamoDB Global Indexing
7. AWS: DynamoDB Local Indexing
8. Google Cloud Spanner
9. AWS: DynamoDB Design Patterns
10. Cloud Provider Database Comparisons
11. CockroachDB: When to use a Cloud DB?

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References
94
Docker / Kubernetes / Istio
1. IBM: Virtual Machines and Containers
2. IBM: What is a Hypervisor?
3. IBM: Docker Vs. Kubernetes
4. IBM: Containerization Explained
5. IBM: Kubernetes Explained
6. IBM: Kubernetes Ingress in 5 Minutes
7. Microsoft: How Service Mesh works in Kubernetes
8. IBM: Istio Service Mesh Explained
9. IBM: Kubernetes and OpenShift
10. IBM: Kubernetes Operators
11. 10 Consideration for Kubernetes Deployments
Istio – Metrics
1. Istio – Metrics
2. Monitoring Istio Mesh with Grafana
3. Visualize your Istio Service Mesh
4. Security and Monitoring with Istio
5. Observing Services using Prometheus, Grafana, Kiali
6. Istio Cookbook: Kiali Recipe
7. Kubernetes: Open Telemetry
8. Open Telemetry
9. How Prometheus works
10. IBM: Observability vs. Monitoring

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References
95
1. Feb 6, 2020 – An introduction to TDD
2. Aug 14, 2019 – Component Software Testing
3. May 30, 2020 – What is Component Testing?
4. Apr 23, 2013 – Component Test By Martin Fowler
5. Jan 12, 2011 – Contract Testing By Martin Fowler
6. Jan 16, 2018 – Integration Testing By Martin Fowler
7. Testing Strategies in Microservices Architecture
8. Practical Test Pyramid By Ham Vocke
Testing – TDD / BDD

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1. Simoorg : LinkedIn’s own failure inducer framework. It was designed to be easy to extend and
most of the important components are plug- gable.
2. Pumba : A chaos testing and network emulation tool for Docker.
3. Chaos Lemur : Self-hostable application to randomly destroy virtual machines in a BOSH-
managed environment, as an aid to resilience testing of high-availability systems.
4. Chaos Lambda : Randomly terminate AWS ASG instances during business hours.
5. Blockade : Docker-based utility for testing network failures and partitions in distributed
applications.
6. Chaos-http-proxy : Introduces failures into HTTP requests via a proxy server.
7. Monkey-ops : Monkey-Ops is a simple service implemented in Go, which is deployed into an
OpenShift V3.X and generates some chaos within it. Monkey-Ops seeks some OpenShift
components like Pods or Deployment Configs and randomly terminates them.
8. Chaos Dingo : Chaos Dingo currently supports performing operations on Azure VMs and VMSS
deployed to an Azure Resource Manager-based resource group.
9. Tugbot : Testing in Production (TiP) framework for Docker.
Testing tools

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References
97
CI / CD
1. What is Continuous Integration?
2. What is Continuous Delivery?
3. CI / CD Pipeline
4. What is CI / CD Pipeline?
5. CI / CD Explained
6. CI / CD Pipeline using Java Example Part 1
7. CI / CD Pipeline using Ansible Part 2
8. Declarative Pipeline vs Scripted Pipeline
9. Complete Jenkins Pipeline Tutorial
10. Common Pipeline Mistakes
11. CI / CD for a Docker Application

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References
98
DevOps
1. IBM: What is DevOps?
2. IBM: Cloud Native DevOps Explained
3. IBM: Application Transformation
4. IBM: Virtualization Explained
5. What is DevOps? Easy Way
6. DevOps?! How to become a DevOps Engineer???
7. Amazon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBU3AJ3j1rg
8. NetFlix: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTKIT6STSVM
9. DevOps and SRE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTEL8Ff1Zvk
10. SLI, SLO, SLA : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEylFyxbDLE
11. DevOps and SRE : Risks and Budgets : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2ILKr8kCJU
12. SRE @ Google: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2wn_E1jxn4

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References
99
1. Lewis, James, and Martin Fowler. “Microservices: A Definition of This New Architectural Term”, March 25, 2014.
2. Miller, Matt. “Innovate or Die: The Rise of Microservices”. e Wall Street Journal, October 5, 2015.
3. Newman, Sam. Building Microservices. O’Reilly Media, 2015.
4. Alagarasan, Vijay. “Seven Microservices Anti-patterns”, August 24, 2015.
5. Cockcroft, Adrian. “State of the Art in Microservices”, December 4, 2014.
6. Fowler, Martin. “Microservice Prerequisites”, August 28, 2014.
7. Fowler, Martin. “Microservice Tradeoffs”, July 1, 2015.
8. Humble, Jez. “Four Principles of Low-Risk Software Release”, February 16, 2012.
9. Zuul Edge Server, Ketan Gote, May 22, 2017
10. Ribbon, Hysterix using Spring Feign, Ketan Gote, May 22, 2017
11. Eureka Server with Spring Cloud, Ketan Gote, May 22, 2017
12. Apache Kafka, A Distributed Streaming Platform, Ketan Gote, May 20, 2017
13. Functional Reactive Programming, Araf Karsh Hamid, August 7, 2016
14. Enterprise Software Architectures, Araf Karsh Hamid, July 30, 2016
15. Docker and Linux Containers, Araf Karsh Hamid, April 28, 2015

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References
100
16. MSDN – Microsoft https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn568103.aspx
17. Martin Fowler : CQRS – http://martinfowler.com/bliki/CQRS.html
18. Udi Dahan : CQRS – http://www.udidahan.com/2009/12/09/clarified-cqrs/
19. Greg Young : CQRS - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHGkaShoyNs
20. Bertrand Meyer – CQS - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Meyer
21. CQS : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command–query_separation
22. CAP Theorem : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem
23. CAP Theorem : http://www.julianbrowne.com/article/viewer/brewers-cap-theorem
24. CAP 12 years how the rules have changed
25. EBay Scalability Best Practices : http://www.infoq.com/articles/ebay-scalability-best-practices
26. Pat Helland (Amazon) : Life beyond distributed transactions
27. Stanford University: Rx https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9xudo3C1Cw
28. Princeton University: SAGAS (1987) Hector Garcia Molina / Kenneth Salem
29. Rx Observable : https://dzone.com/articles/using-rx-java-observable

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Microservices Testing Strategies

Microservices Testing Strategies

Araf Karsh Hamid

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