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Th3 H1$tory of Cryptogr@phy

Th3 H1$tory of Cryptogr@phy

Do you know the most powerful intellectual weapon ever known? Secrecy. On it depended individuals' lives and nations' survival throughout human history.

Every single transaction we do relies upon cryptography to ensure our data is private. Or, is it?

The art of war teaches us to rely not on the likelihood of the enemy's not coming, but on our own readiness to receive him; not on the chance of his not attacking, but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable. The question is: is there such thing as an unbreakable code?

This talk walks through the history of Cryptography and the slippery balance between code makers and code breakers. Let's see how each side had the upper hand at different times and explain the most famous ciphers and the process to break them. It expects no previous knowledge on the subject and will work as an entry point to those how may be intrigued enough to pursue the mysterious path of ciphers and codes.

Artur Caliendo Prado

September 21, 2018
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  1. Th3 H1$tory of
    Cryptogr@phy
    I AM
    LOCKED

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  4. Mary Queen of Scots
    Credit: http://scotlandsmary.com/

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  5. Artur Caliendo Prado
    http://arturprado.com/
    [email protected]
    @artur.prado @artur_caliendo
    @arturcp

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  6. Cryptography
    Let the story begin
    1
    !
    6

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  7. Forms of secret communication
    Stenography Cryptography

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  8. Herodotus, Father of History
    Credit: https://www.worldatlas.com/

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  10. Transposition
    2
    !
    10

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  11. I am a weakish speller
    ??????

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  12. I am a weakish speller
    Willian Shakespeare
    Credit: Wikipedia

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  13. Radium came
    ??????

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  14. Radium came
    Madame Curie
    Credit: Wikipedia

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  15. I am lord Voldemort
    ??????

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  16. I am lord Voldemort
    Tom Marvolo Riddle
    Credit: https://www.youtube.com/ (channel Lord Voldemort)

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  17. !
    17
    ‒Mortal Dildo Mover
    ‒Lord Earldom Vomit
    ‒Old Immortal Lover

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  18. !
    18

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  19. Key distribution
    Prepare for trouble…
    Make it double

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  20. Substitution
    3
    !
    20

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  21. Place your screenshot here
    The 64 arts
    Number 45 on the list is
    mlecchita-vikalpa, the
    art of secret writing.
    !
    21

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  22. Julius Caesar, Roman emperor
    Credit: https://fearlessmen.com/

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  23. Veni vidi vici
    YJQLYLGLYLFL
    The Caesar Cipher
    a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z a b c

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  24. Key distribution
    Prepare for trouble…
    Make it double
    I told you...

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  25. Unbreakable cipher
    !
    ???

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  26. 750 B.C.E.

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  28. Abū Yūsūf Ya’qūb ibn Is-hāq ibn
    as-Sabbāh ibn ‘omrān ibn Ismaīl
    al-Kindī
    Credit: https://www.azquotes.com/

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  29. !
    29

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  30. !
    30
    PCQ VMJYPD LBYK LYSO KBXBJXWXV BXV ZCJPO EYPD
    KBXBJYUXJ LBJOO KCPK. CP LBO LBCMKXPV XPV IYJKL PYDBL,
    QBOP KBO BXV OPVOV LBO LXRO CI SX’XJMI, KBO JCKO XPV
    EYKKOV LBO DJCMPV ZOICJO BYS, KXUYPD: “DJOXL EYPD, ICJ
    X LBCMKXPV XPV CPO PYDBLK Y BXNO ZOOP JOACMPLYPD
    LC UCM LBO IXZROK CI FXKL XDOK XPV LBO RODOPVK CI
    XPAYOPL EYPDK. SXU Y SXEO KC ZCRV XK LC AJXNO X
    IXNCMJ CI UCMJ SXGOKLU?”
    OFYRCDMO, LXROK IJCS LBO
    LBCMKXPV XPV CPO PYDBLK

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  32. !
    32
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    O 1 9 0 3 1 1 1 0 1 4 6 0 1 2 2 8 0 4 1 0 0 3 0 1 1 2
    X 0 7 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 4 6 3 0 3 1 9 0 2 4 0 3 3 2 0 0 1
    P 1 0 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 9 9 0

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  33. !
    33
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    O 1 9 0 3 1 1 1 0 1 4 6 0 1 2 2 8 0 4 1 0 0 3 0 1 1 2
    X 0 7 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 4 6 3 0 3 1 9 0 2 4 0 3 3 2 0 0 1
    P 1 0 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 9 9 0

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  34. !
    34
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    O 1 9 0 3 1 1 1 0 1 4 6 0 1 2 2 8 0 4 1 0 0 3 0 1 1 2
    X 0 7 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 4 6 3 0 3 1 9 0 2 4 0 3 3 2 0 0 1
    P 1 0 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 9 9 0

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  35. !
    35
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    O 1 9 0 3 1 1 1 0 1 4 6 0 1 2 2 8 0 4 1 0 0 3 0 1 1 2
    X 0 7 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 4 6 3 0 3 1 9 0 2 4 0 3 3 2 0 0 1
    P 1 0 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 9 9 0

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  36. !
    36
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    e a
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    a e
    X = e ?

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  37. !
    37
    PCQ VMJYPD LBYK LYSO KBXBJXWXV BXV ZCJPO EYPD
    KBXBJYUXJ LBJOO KCPK. CP LBO LBCMKXPV XPV IYJKL PYDBL,
    QBOP KBO BXV OPVOV LBO LXRO CI SX’XJMI, KBO JCKO XPV
    EYKKOV LBO DJCMPV ZOICJO BYS, KXUYPD: “DJOXL EYPD, ICJ
    X LBCMKXPV XPV CPO PYDBLK Y BXNO ZOOP JOACMPLYPD
    LC UCM LBO IXZROK CI FXKL XDOK XPV LBO RODOPVK CI
    XPAYOPL EYPDK. SXU Y SXEO KC ZCRV XK LC AJXNO X
    IXNCMJ CI UCMJ SXGOKLU?”
    OFYRCDMO, LXROK IJCS LBO
    LBCMKXPV XPV CPO PYDBLK

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  38. !
    38
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    e a i

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  39. !
    39
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0
    0 9 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 4 2 0 1 2 2 3 0 4 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2
    1a
    2a

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  40. !
    40
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    h e a i

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  41. !
    41
    PCQ VMJiPD LhiK LiSe KhahJaWaV haV ZCJPe EiPD KhahJiUaJ
    LhJee KCPK. CP Lhe LhCMKaPV aPV IiJKL PiDhL, QheP Khe haV
    ePVeV Lhe LaRe CI Sa’aJMI, Khe JCKe aPV EiKKeV Lhe DJCMPV
    ZeICJe hiS, KaUiPD: “DJeaL EiPD, ICJ a LhCMKaPV aPV CPe
    PiDhLK i haNe ZeeP JeACMPLiPD LC UCM Lhe IaZReK CI FaKL
    aDeK aPV Lhe ReDePVK CI aPAiePL EiPDK. SaU i SaEe KC ZCRV
    aK LC AJaNe a IaNCMJ CI UCMJ SaGeKLU?”
    eFiRCDMe, LaReK IJCS Lhe
    LhCMKaPV aPV CPe PiDhLK

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  42. !
    42
    PCQ VMJiPD LhiK LiSe KhahJaWaV haV ZCJPe EiPD KhahJiUaJ
    LhJee KCPK. CP Lhe LhCMKaPV aPV IiJKL PiDhL, QheP Khe haV
    ePVeV Lhe LaRe CI Sa’aJMI, Khe JCKe aPV EiKKeV Lhe DJCMPV
    ZeICJe hiS, KaUiPD: “DJeaL EiPD, ICJ a LhCMKaPV aPV CPe
    PiDhLK i haNe ZeeP JeACMPLiPD LC UCM Lhe IaZReK CI FaKL
    aDeK aPV Lhe ReDePVK CI aPAiePL EiPDK. SaU i SaEe KC ZCRV
    aK LC AJaNe a IaNCMJ CI UCMJ SaGeKLU?”
    eFiRCDMe, LaReK IJCS Lhe
    LhCMKaPV aPV CPe PiDhLK

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  43. !
    43
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    h t e a i

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  44. !
    44
    PCQ VMJiPD thiK tiSe KhahJaWaV haV ZCJPe EiPD KhahJiUaJ
    thJee KCPK. CP the thCMKaPV aPV IiJKt PiDht, QheP Khe haV
    ePVeV the taRe CI Sa’aJMI, Khe JCKe aPV EiKKeV the DJCMPV
    ZeICJe hiS, KaUiPD: “DJeat EiPD, ICJ a thCMKaPV aPV CPe
    PiDhtK i haNe ZeeP JeACMPtiPD tC UCM the IaZReK CI FaKt
    aDeK aPV the ReDePVK CI aPAiePt EiPDK. SaU i SaEe KC ZCRV
    aK tC AJaNe a IaNCMJ CI UCMJ SaGeKtU?”
    eFiRCDMe, taReK IJCS the
    thCMKaPV aPV CPe PiDhtK

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  45. !
    45
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    h t e n d a i

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  46. !
    46
    nCQ dMJinD thiK tiSe KhahJaWad had ZCJne EinD KhahJiUaJ
    thJee KCnK. Cn the thCMKand and IiJKt niDht, Qhen Khe had
    ended the taRe CI Sa’aJMI, Khe JCKe and EiKKed the DJCMnd
    ZeICJe hiS, KaUinD: “DJeat EinD, ICJ a thCMKand and Cne
    niDhtK i haNe Zeen JeACMntinD tC UCM the IaZReK CI FaKt
    aDeK and the ReDendK CI anAient EinDK. SaU i SaEe KC ZCRd
    aK tC AJaNe a IaNCMJ CI UCMJ SaGeKtU?”
    eFiRCDMe, taReK IJCS the
    thCMKand and Cne niDhtK

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  47. !
    47
    nCQ dMJinD thiK tiSe KhahJaWad had ZCJne EinD KhahJiUaJ
    thJee KCnK. Cn the thCMKand and IiJKt niDht, Qhen Khe had
    ended the taRe CI Sa’aJMI, Khe JCKe and EiKKed the DJCMnd
    ZeICJe hiS, KaUinD: “DJeat EinD, ICJ a thCMKand and Cne
    niDhtK i haNe Zeen JeACMntinD tC UCM the IaZReK CI FaKt
    aDeK and the ReDendK CI anAient EinDK. SaU i SaEe KC ZCRd
    aK tC AJaNe a IaNCMJ CI UCMJ SaGeKtU?”
    eFiRCDMe, taReK IJCS the
    thCMKand and Cne niDhtK

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  48. !
    48
    Epilogue, Tales from the
    Thousand and One Nights
    Now during this time Shahrazad had borne King Shahriyar three
    sons. On the thousand and first night, when she had ended the
    tale of Ma’aruf, she rose and kissed the ground before him,
    saying: “Great King, for a thousand and one nights I have been
    recounting to you the fables of past ages and the legends of
    ancient kings. May I make so bold as to crave a favour of your
    majesty?”

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  49. Renascence
    1300 - 1600

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  50. Trevi Fountain

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  51. Blaise de Vigenère
    Credit: Wikipedia

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  52. Le chiffre
    indéchiffrable
    !
    ???

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  53. !
    53

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  54. Let’s encrypt a message!
    Key: The Conf

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  55. B...
    T H E C O N F T H E C O N
    I a m y o u r f a t h e r
    B
    T H E C O N F T H E C O N
    I a m y o u r f a t h e r

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  56. B...
    H
    T H E C O N F T H E C O N
    I a m y o u r f a t h e r
    BH...

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  57. Q
    T H E C O N F T H E C O N
    I a m y o u r f a t h e r
    BH...
    BHQ...

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  58. Let’s encrypt a message!
    Key: The Conf
    T H E C O N F T H E C O N
    I a m y o u r f a t h e r
    B H Q A C H W Y H X J S E

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  59. Charles Babage
    Credit: Science and Society Picture Library, London
    Bilbo Baggins

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  60. Ada Lovelace .
    !
    60

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  62. Credit: http://www.relativelyinteresting.com/
    Logical Fallacies

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  64. There are some possibilities
    ‒ 20 letters repeated once
    ‒ 10 letters repeated twice
    ‒ 5 letters repeated 4 times
    ‒ 4 letters repeated 5 times
    ‒ 2 letters repeated 10 times

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  67. !
    67
    Joan Clarke was very important at Bletchley Park during the
    Second World War. Women were 75% of the workforce.
    Credit: Jack English/Elevation Pictures
    Credit: Wikipedia

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  68. Key distribution
    One last time

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  69. Whitfield Diffie
    Credit: Wikipedia

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  70. Martin Hellman
    Credit: Wikipedia

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  71. Ralph Merkle
    Credit: Wikipedia

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  72. View Slide

  73. ?

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  74. ?

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  75. ???

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  76. View Slide

  77. View Slide

  78. View Slide

  79. View Slide

  80. Key

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  81. Public and Private Key
    Credit: XKCD

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  82. Ron Rivest
    RSA
    !
    82
    Adi Shamir
    Leonard Adleman

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  83. RSA
    !
    !
    83
    ???

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  84. View Slide

  85. http://arturprado.com/
    [email protected]
    @artur.prado
    @artur_caliendo
    @arturcp
    Obrigado
    Special thanks to all the people who made
    and released the slides resources for free:
    ‒ Presentation template by
    SlidesCarnival

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