Roger Proctor, IMOS - contributing to building the marine biodiversity atlas

Transcript

1. IMOS – contributing to building the IMOS – contributing to building the marine biodiversity atlas Roger Proctor & Tim Moltmann On behalf of the IMOS community roger.proctor@utas.edu.au; tim.moltmann@imos.org.au www.imos.org.au An NCRIS capability
2. Societal needs for ocean data in Australia • Australia’s vast ocean territory – 16m sq km; 4% world’s ocean; – 3rd largest ocean jurisdiction • Highly urbanised population living on or near the coast – 88% in major cities, inner regional • Sensitivity to an ocean-influenced • Sensitivity to an ocean-influenced climate, and weather – drought, flood, extreme events • Huge economic benefit extracted from the ocean – marine tourism, oil & gas, shipping, fishing & aquaculture ($44bn pa) • Marine biodiversity of globally significant conservation value – from the high tropics to Antarctica
3. IMOS Nodes (there are six) • Bluewater and Climate Node – open ocean focus • Five Regional Nodes – continental shelf and coastal focus QIMOS BwC and coastal focus • Western Australia • Queensland • New South Wales • Southern Australia • Tasmania WAIMOS QIMOS NSW-IMOS SAIMOS TasIMOS
4. Big science questions to be addressed – regional science plans integrated into a national plan • Multi-decadal Ocean Change – Temperature, salinity, carbon • Climate Variability, Extremes – El-Nino/La Nina, IOD, SAM • Major Boundary Currents – EAC, Leeuwin, ITF – EAC, Leeuwin, ITF • Continental Shelf Processes – Eddies, upwellings... • Ecosystem Responses – Productivity, abundance, distribution – Pelagic, benthic Each Node develops a Science Plan which includes the rationale and need for specific observations
5. Ten IMOS National Facilities • Argo Floats • Ships of Opportunity • Deepwater Moorings • Ocean Gliders • Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Bungy Weather station (WXT -510) CNR-1 Solar Panel Light • National Mooring Network • Ocean Radar • Animal Tagging and Monitoring • Wireless Sensor Networks • Satellite Remote Sensing WQM WQM SBE39 SBE39 Nortek AWAC Release System Steel Inductive Cable Steel Safety Cable 8 Pack Buoy Anchor Weight Seven facilities record biology or biogeochemistry All facilities record environmental data
6. ...and e-Marine Information Infrastructure • This Facility works with all other components of IMOS • Making data discoverable and accessible via the IMOS Ocean Portal – http://imos.aodn.org.au • And has developed the IMOS infrastucture into the Australian Ocean Data Network – http://portal.aodn.org.au All software is Open source (and used by ALA as you heard from Lee yesterday) All data is freely available, and Standards based.
7. Some examples of IMOS contributions to understanding the marine ecosystem • Bio-Argo • Ships of Opportunity • Fixed mooring sampling • Fixed mooring sampling • Autonomous Underwater Vehicles • Gliders • Animal Tagging • Remote Sensing
8. Argo – Oxygen profiles (Bio-Argo) Newest floats also measure fluorescence, optical backscattering, and attenuation coefficients that allow an estimation of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM)
9. Ocean basin studies using fishing vessels
10. Plankton Time Series (AusCPR)
11. AusCPR sampling Copepods Diatoms
12. Phytoplankton Abundance
13. Filtering …
14. Noctiluca scintillans
15. • Gliders (‘intelligent Argo’) provide a new measurement platform • Shelf water originating in Bass Strait (BSW) forms sub-surface lenses at the centre of anti-cyclonic Glider studies of EAC eddies lenses at the centre of anti-cyclonic (warm-core) EAC meso-scale eddies in the western Tasman Sea. • Found a BSW lens at depth in the centre of all EAC anti-cyclonic eddies studied. This process is common and may determine the fate of the majority of the BSW discharge.
16. Oxygen and salinity anomalies in glider transects
17. The presence of shelf water at mid-depth in anti-cyclonic eddies may have ecological consequences • Neutrally buoyant low-nutrient shelf waters insulate the anti-cyclonic EAC eddy from vertical fluxes of deep nutrients, reducing primary production from what it may otherwise achieve. what it may otherwise achieve. • High oxygen concentrations at mid-depth may encourage deep water pelagic fish populations which are known to be limited by oxygen availability at depth.
18. Monitoring has some risks!
19. Shark Attack !! South Australia
20. Depth (m) Pitch & Roll Shark Attack !! Depth (m) Heading Glider spiralling Depth = 550m
21. Shark Attack !!
22. Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) deployments Routine annual surveys of Benthos Example: Abrolhos Islands
23. 8m x 8m
24. AUV Image Viewer Scale bar AUV Facility developing pattern recognition algorithms for automatic identification Input to the NeCTAR CATAMI project
25. National Reference Stations (NRS) • 9 stations around Australia • Data since 2008/9 • Moored WQM instruments (time-series) – fluorescence, turbidity, dissolved Oxygen • Water sampling (monthly profiles) – Carbon: CO2/alkalinity, – Carbon: CO2/alkalinity, – Nutrients: dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate, Silicate, Phosphate, Ammonium – Total suspended solids (organic/inorganic) – HPLC pigments – Phytoplankton & zooplankton • Acidification moorings (time-series, near realtime) – CO2 & dissolved Oxygen – 3 NRS sites: • Maria Island (since 2011), Kangaroo Island (2012), Yongala (awaiting deployment)
26. NRS phytoplankton pigments
27. Passive Acoustic Observatory observations 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 x 10 6 Time, s Acoustic pressure, µPa Signal waveform: start time: 18-Mar-2009 21:45:01
28. One example of acoustic observatory output … pygmy blue whale calls Interannual change in frequency components of pygmy blue whale calls observed in CTBT hydroacoustic data from the Cape Leeuwin station Whale voice deepening (lower frequency) over time.
29. IMOS funded and co-invested Fully Co-Invested 1. AATAMS Bondi line 1. AIMS Scientific Zone 1. AATAMS Cabbage Tree Bay Aquatic Reserve (CTBAR) 1. Blue Groper habitat mapping Kangaroo Island 1. AATAMS Coffs Harbour line 1. Bruce Barker's project 1. AATAMS Glenelg line 1. Chondrichthyan monitoring of south-east Australia 1. AATAMS Heron Island 1. CSIRO: Animal Tagging 1. AATAMS Narooma line 1. Gulf St Vincent monitoring 1. AATAMS / Ocean Tracking Network Perth Line 1. Harlequin fish habitat mapping Kangaroo Island 1. AATAMS One Tree Island 1. JCU Cleveland Bay 1. AATAMS Orpheus Island 1. Logan River TERN network 1. AATAMS / OTN Maria & Flinders Island Lines 1. MQ Bronte-Coogee Aquatic reserve (BCAR) 1. AATAMS Rowley shoals 1. New Zealand white shark tracking Acoustic curtains / cells around Australia 1. AATAMS Rowley shoals 1. New Zealand white shark tracking 1. AATAMS Scott reef 1. Ningaloo Reef Ecosystem Tracking Array (NRETA) 1. AATAMS Sydney Gate 1. NSW DPI (Artificial Reef Network) 1. NSW DPI Coastal and Estuarine Fish Tracking (CEFT) 1. NSW DPI Jervis Bay IMOS Receiver Pool 1. Port Stephens Marine Park tracking project 1. Coral Sea Nautilus tracking project (Dunstan) 1. Richard Pillans's project 1. Seven Gill tracking in Coastal Tasmania (Barnett) 1. Townsville Reefs 1. The Yongala's Halo of Holes (Steiglitz) 1. UQ Project Manta east Australia 1. Rowley Shoals reef shark tracking 2007 (Field) 1. VIC Fisheries Snapper - Port Phillip Bay 1. Wenlock River Array, Gulf of Carpentaria Installations (groups of stations) 69 Stations 1,238 Deployments 2,861 Detections 24,248,019 72 Species tagged May 2013 International collaboration
30. Ningaloo Reef (NRETA) Number of detections recorded by each receiver throughout the array from Dec 2007– Oct 2008. The scale of yellow bubbles (number of detections per receiver) ranges from 58 – 158297.
31. Connectivity in the GBR
32. East Coast Great White movements between 5 May 2012 and 7 Feb 2013
33. Not forgetting … Great White shark travels 10 Dec Satellite tagged 31October 3750 km in 41 days
34. Seals as Oceanographic Samplers (SOSS) (‘VERY intelligent Argo’) SOSS commenced 2009/10 and Monitoring Apex Predators of the Southern Ocean (MAPSO) commenced 2011 Deployment, CTD transmitters and Geolocation Loggers
35. Seals as Oceanographic Samplers
36. Kerguelen elephant seals temperature profiles
37. Pelagic Foragers- foraging near the ice edge Black-night Red -day Red=forage Red -day time foraging
38. Sealions as Oceanographic Samplers Southern Australia, 5 deployments per year, male Australian sea lions
39. Ocean colour image (Chl_a)
40. Ocean colour image (Chl_a) microplankton nanoplankton picoplankton Plankton functional types (Brewin et al 2012)
41. Linking multi-disciplines • IMOS observing at all trophic levels, from primary producers to apex predators • Working with ALA to enhance species • Working with ALA to enhance species content; marine environmental layers • Working with NERP (Marine Biodiversity Hub) / SEWPAC to have IMOS observations taken up and used in a marine bioregional planning context
42. Linking in to Fishmap datasets Carcharhinus albimarginatus – silver tip reef shark
44. AODN offers multi-institutional / multi-discipline opportunities Key Ecological Features Bioluminesence Secchi depths Chla distributions And more! For example
46. Thanks for listening roger.proctor@utas.edu.au http://portal.aodn.org.au