on S is a binary relation ≤ such that 1 For all x ∈ S, x ≤ x. 2 For all x, y ∈ S, if x ≤ y and y ≤ x, then x = y. 3 For all x, y, z ∈ S, if x ≤ y and y ≤ z, then x ≤ z. 4 For all x, y ∈ S, x ≤ y or y ≤ x. A linear order ≤ on a set S is a well-order if, for every nonempty X ⊆ S, there is a ≤-least element in X, i.e. there is x ∈ X such that, for all y ∈ X, x ≤ y.