[Openmind 2012] The National Digital Library of Finland - Public Interface FINNA by Aki Lassila (Head of Development, National Library of Finland)

Openmind 2012 / Open Knowledge Festival 2012
http://okfestival.org/open-source-software/

Transcript

1. The National Digital Library of Finland –
   Public Interface FINNA
   Aki Lassila
   Head of Development
   National Library of Finland / Library Network Services
   

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2. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
   Outline
    What Finna is all about
   – Linkage to National Digital Library
    Open Source Software viewpoint
    Customer-driven development
    Software as a Service
    Summing it all up
   

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3. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
   National Digital Library of Finland
   National Digital Library means:
    Common user interface for the information resources of libraries,
   archives and museums (beta version in operation 2012).
    Digitisation of the most essential cultural heritage materials of
   libraries, archives and museums.
    Development of a long-term preservation solution for electronic
   cultural heritage materials (in planning phase).
    National Digital Library works as an aggregator for the European
   Digital Library Europeana.
   

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4. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
   Enterprise Architecture of the National
   Digital Library
   

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5. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
   The Public Interface FINNA
   Users can:
    Search information from archive, library and museum systems and databases.
    Retrieve materials, such as pictures, documents, newspapers, research documents,
   video and audio recordings.
    Access digital services, such as renew loans, buy pictures and order documents.
   One system and one metadata index, multiple views and services:
    National view for all content.
    Local and sector specific views (museum’s view).
    Institutions’ own views.
   

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6. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
   Software Architecture of Finna
    Finna is based on several software modules that are integrated together; therefore new
   modules can be added to the system if necessary
    Finna consists of two main parts:
   – End users’ national interface or portal
   – Archives’, libraries’, and museums’ administrator tools
    Main modules of the Finna system are:
   – End users’ interface based on VuFind
   – Administrator panel for organisations, customisation and statistics
   – Search engine Solr
   – Metadata harvesting and processing module RecordManager
   – Finnish linguistics module Voikko
   – External index and external APIs
   

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7. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
    VuFind’s role as
   the user interface
   is central.
    Admin panel handles
   statistics and upkeep.
    More functionality and
   modules can be added in
   the future.
    Finna’s demo:
   www.kdk.fi/en/public-interface
   

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8. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
   The Drivers of Open Source Software
   (Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), www.itaa.org)
    The advent of the Internet:
   – One driver of open source development is the availability of the modern Internet to serve as a mechanism for the growth in open source
   development communities that are necessary for successful development and continued improvements in the programs.
    Software license cost:
   – There is a perception that open source software products cost less than products developed by companies following a closed source
   software development model. Both software development models are in flux today as each works to serve the needs of customers by
   focusing on different pricing models; licensing is only part of the total value equation.
    Flexibility:
   – Supporters frequently argue that because the source code is viewable to all, the underlying technology can be used in many innovative
   ways, offering a flexible platform to meet present and future software needs.
    Global innovation:
   – With many more developers able to view the source code, supporters argue that the pace of innovation is greater as the barriers to
   software modification are lower.
    Security:
   – Source code transparency is argued to promote more secure software because a wider group of people may inspect the software for
   flaws.
    Customer involvement:
   – Supporters suggest that open source development models may provide more opportunities for customer-driven innovation than the
   traditional proprietary approach.
   

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9. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
   Private vs. Collective Innovation Model
   (von Hippel and von Krogh 2003)
   Private investment
    Restrict access to source code
    Protect Intellectual Property Rights
   (IPR) via intellectual property law
   mechanisms: patents, copyrights
   and trade secrets
    Private good
    Induce innovation by fostering IPRs:
   companies and individuals invest in
   creating innovations in return for
   future profits (private
   investment&returns)
    Organization: cathedral
    Innovators: SW manufacturers
    Problems: market failure, social loss
   Collective action
    Free/open access to the source
   code
    Free revealing of innovation:
   distribute knowledge
    Public good: nonrivalry,
   nonexcludability
    Prevent market failures: avoid social
   loss, benefit from spillover and
   network externalities effects
    Organization: bazaar
    Innovators: (sophisticated) users
    Problems: freeriding, prisoner's
   dilemma
   

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10. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
    "Private-Collective" Innovation Model
    (von Hippel and von Krogh 2003)
     Free revealing and distribution of innovations but still retain copyrights.
     Free revealing of innovation does not represent loss, it can increase adoption
    and diffusion => benefits from spillover and network externalities effects.
     Open source software is information (digital product) and as such has the
    same characteristics as an public good (nonrivalry, nonexcludability).
     Prevents market failures: avoid social loss (why societies fund academic
    research?).
     Users carry out the entire innovation process: from design to distribution to
    field support and product improvement.
    

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11. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
    Main Principles Steering the Development of
    Finna
     Development is based on the requirements defined together with
    libraries, archives, and museums.
     Organisations will become users of the software in phases.
     Development occurs in development cycles.
     The services are planned together with the customers.
     The user interface software is based on VuFind and additional open
    source software modules.
     National Library is responsible of the development of the software.
    

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12. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
    Customer driven development and Finna
     Why open source software (OSS) and agile development method?
    – Value of software is in how it enhances (existing) activities or enables (more efficient) new ways
    of doing things.
    – Above mentioned issues rely on e.g. how easily or efficiently users can utilize the
    system/software in question.
    – Note that software’s functionality is not enough but usability, integratability (related to openness,
    APIs), and customization are also important.
     Development progresses in development cycles and issues are priorised according to
    users’ needs.
     NDL’s user interface Finna will need to continue to develop also in the future.
     Agile development methods (Scrum in this case) and OSS based development fully
    support ongoing, customer driven service development work.
    

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13. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
    Overview of the SaaS Model
    (Lassila 2012)
     Software as a Service definition:
    Software as a Service is time and location independent online access to a remotely managed server application,
    that permits concurrent utilisation of the same application installation by a large number of independent users
    (customers, subscribers), offers an attractive payment logic compared to the customer value received, and makes a
    continuous flow of new and innovative software possible.
     SaaS characteristics:
    1) For the customer SaaS enables online access to an application over the network (availability anywhere,
    anytime)
    2) SaaS application usage is both provided and consumed simultaneously (hence the term "service")
    3) The customer gains only the access to use the application(s), the ownership of the software is not transferred
    to the customer (signifying the change of emphasis from owning to using the application)
    4) The SaaS solution is centrally managed and offered as one-to-many service to the customers (thus providing
    the benefits of economies of scale)
    5) The SaaS provider alone is responsible to the customer for the service, even if other stakeholders are
    involved in creating the service (one party is responsible for the whole service)
    

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14. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
    Overview of the SaaS Model (continued)
    (Lassila 2012)
     SaaS concept from the organisation’s point-of-view
    – How a project-based and product-based organisation can expand its operation with the Software as a
    Service (SaaS) model?
     Some issues concerning the Software as a Service model:
    – The increasing demand for services instead of products (servicisation of the products trend)
    – The SaaS model changes the focus from owning the software to using the software  enable and
    enhance usage across organisations and end-users
    – The difficulty of creating and managing the necessary partner network in order to create SaaS service
    offerings
     The major challenges of the SaaS model are: 1) how to achieve returns from scale, 2)
    while holding on to scope economies, 3) benefit from its partners complementary skills
    and assets, and 4) at the same time fulfill customers’ requirements of customisation?
    

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15. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
    Benefits of the National Digital Library to the Society
     Improves availability of electronic information resources and services
    and makes their use easier.
     Strengthens cooperation across organisational and sectoral borders.
     Reduces overlapping expenses from digitisation and management,
    distribution and preservation of electronic material.
     Improves interoperability, manageability, and efficiency of processes.
     Preserves the potential of cultural heritage material far into the future.
    

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16. NATIONAL LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES
    Key Factors behind Finna’s Success
     Central funding for infrastructure services.
     Tradition of collaboration especially in library domain.
     Systematic development of centralised services.
     Customer organisations involved in steering centralised services.
     Flexible, customer-driven agile development.
     Software architecture is based on modular design with good APIs.
     International collaboration fastens development.
    

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17. Thank you!
    Aki Lassila
    aki.lassila@helsinki.fi
    

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