Chandra Grating Spectroscopy of PG 1211+143: Evidence for an Ultra-fast Outflow

Talk presented at the New England Regional Quasar and AGN Meeting (NERQUAM), Boston University, USA, May 2017

Transcript

1. Chandra Grating Spectroscopy of PG 1211+143
   Chandra Grating Spectroscopy of PG 1211+143
   Evidence for an Ultra-Fast Outflow
   Evidence for an Ultra-Fast Outflow
   Ashkbiz Danehkar
   Ashkbiz Danehkar
   Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
   Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
   ashkbiz.danehkar@cfa.harvard.edu
   ashkbiz.danehkar@cfa.harvard.edu
   May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University, Boston , MA Background: HST image of PG1211
   In collaborations with: Julia Lee (Harvard), Mike Nowak (MIT),
   In collaborations with: Julia Lee (Harvard), Mike Nowak (MIT),
   Gerard Kriss (STSI), Randall Smith (SAO) and et al.
   Gerard Kriss (STSI), Randall Smith (SAO) and et al.
   

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2. May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University 2
   Outline
   
   Introduction:
    AGN Unified Model (Seyfert I & II)
    Ionized Absorbers: Warm Absorber (WA) and Ultra-Fast Outflow (UFO)
   
   The Seyfert I galaxy PG 1211+143
    XMM-Newton Observations
    Chandra Observations
   
   Photoionization Modeling of Ionized Outflows in PG1211+143
    Continuum Modeling
    XSTAR Photoionization Modeling
    MCMC Confidence Maps of Photoionization Parameters
   
   HST Cosmic Origins Spectrograph/UV data of PG1211+143
   
   Summary
   

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3. May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University 3
   Introduction: AGN Unified Model
   Introduction: AGN Unified Model
   AGN Unified Model (Seyfert I & II Galaxies)
   PG 1211+143
   Unified Models for AGNs
   Antonucci, ARA&A, 1993, 31, 473
   Unified Schemes for AGNs
   Megan Urry & Padovani, 1995, PASP, 107, 803
   

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4. May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University 4
   Introduction: Ionized Absorbers
   Introduction: Ionized Absorbers
   
   Ultra-Fast Outflow (UFO):
    Highly Ionized absorption lines:
   typically H-like & He-like Fe
   Velocity > 10,000 km/s
   high velocity ~ 0.1– 0.4c
   (Pounds + 2003, Cappi 2006, Braito + 2007)
    Observed in 30% of radio-quiet AGNs
   (Tombest + 2010,2011,2012,2014)
   
   Warm Absorber (WA):
    Ionized absorption lines:
   typically H-like & He-like O, Ne, Mg, Si,
   S
   Velocity < 10,000 km/s
    Observed in 50% of Seyfert I galaxies
   (Reynold & Fabian 1995, Reynold 1997, George + 1998)
   PG 1211+143
   

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5. May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University 5
   XMM-Newton Observations
   
   UFOs v
   out
   ~ -0.07c (Pounds + 2003, Pounds & Page
   2006; Pounds + 2016)
   
   H- and He-like C, N, O, Ne, Mg, S and Fe
   ions (Pounds + 2003)
   
   A second component outflow
    -0.14c (Pounds 2014; Pounds et al. 2016)
   NuSTAR Observations
   
   No UFO (Zoghbi + 2015)
   PG 1211+143: Chandra Observations
   PG 1211+143: Chandra Observations
   Chandra Grating Observations
   
   High Energy Transmission Grating
   (HETG; PI: J.C. Lee)
   
   6 observations over 9 days ~ 433 ks
   
   H- and He-like Ne, Mg, S ions: -0.06c
   
   UV observations with HST COS
   
   Radio observations with VLA
   

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6. May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University 6
   PG 1211+143: Photoionization Modeling
   PG 1211+143: Photoionization Modeling
   Continuum Modelings in ISIS
   Beckmann & Shrader 2012
   (diskbb + powerlaw + ∑ emis) x ∏ abs
   Hot Corona
   K-shell Iron
   Disk
   Black-body
   PG 1211+143
   Ionized Absorber
   (XSTAR)
   

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7. May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University 7
   
   XSTARDB & XSTAR2XSPEC
   
   XSTAR Parallelization: MPI_XSTAR github.com/xstarkit/mpi_xstar
   
   warmabs Parallelization: slmpi_emcee github.com/mcfit/slmpi_emcee
   
   Physical Conditions (free parameters):
    Column density (N
   H
   ~ 21-24)
    Ionization parameter (ξ ~ 0-5)
    Number density (n ~12 in AGNs)
    Ionizing SED (Radio+IR+Opt+UV+X-ray)
   PG 1211+143: Photoionization Modeling
   PG 1211+143: Photoionization Modeling
   Photo-emission, Ionized absorption
   XSTAR (Kallman + 1996, 2004)
   (diskbb + powerlaw + ∑ photemis) x ∏ warmabs
   SED of PG 1211+143
   

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8. May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University 8
   PG 1211+143: Photoionization Modeling
   PG 1211+143: Photoionization Modeling
   PG 1211+143 Chandra Observations (PI J.C. Lee)
   Ionized Absorber at -0.06c
   Ionized
   Absorber
   Danehkar, et al. 2017, ApJ, submitting soon
   

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9. May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University 9
   PG 1211+143: MCMC Confidence Maps
   PG 1211+143: MCMC Confidence Maps
   Ionization
   paramet
   er
   Gas density
   Luminosity (0.0136-
   13.6 keV)
   Radius
   Column
   density
   Shell
   thicknes
   s
   Danehkar, et al. 2017, ApJ, submitting soon
   ~ -0.06c
   

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10. May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University 10
    PG 1211+143: UV Observations
    PG 1211+143: UV Observations
    Absorption -
    0.06c
    
    HST Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS)
    
    UV Lyα wide absorption line, possible counterpart to X-ray absorber
    
    The same outflow velocity (-0.06c)
    
    log N
    H I
    > 14.5 (log N
    H
    ~ 21)
    
    log ξ ~ 2.6
    Tombesi + 2013 Kriss, et al. 2017, ApJ, submitting soon
    

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11. May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University 11
    Summary
    Summary
    
    Seyfert I galaxies
     WAs: typically H-like & He-like O, Ne, Mg, Si & S ions
    low velocity < 10,000 km/s
     UFOs: typically H-like & He-like Fe
    high velocity > 10,000 km/s, usually ~ 0.1– 0.4c
    
    X-ray Chandra of PG1211+143
     6 observations over 9 days ~ 433 ks
     UV observations with HST COS
     Radio observations with VLA
    
    Photoionization Modeling of PG1211+143
     X-ray ionized absorber
    
    Ionization parameter: log ξ ~ 2.8
    
    Column density: log N
    H
    ~ 21.5
    
    Outflow velocity: -0.06c
    
    HST COS/UV of PG 1211+143
     UV Lyα absorption: outflow velocity -0.06c
     Possible counterpart to X-ray absorber
    PG 1211+143
    

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12. Thank you for your attention
    Thank you for your attention
    Background: HST image of PG1211
    

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13. May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University 13
    Ionization
    parameter
    PG 1211+143: Photoionization Modeling
    PG 1211+143: Photoionization Modeling
    Photoionization Code XSTAR (Kallman et al 1996, 2004)
    Gas density
    Luminosity (0.0136-
    13.6 keV)
    Radius
    Column
    density
    Shell
    thicknes
    s
    Outflow
    velocity
    BH mass
    (Haring & Rix 2004)
    σ = 4.4
    (Kormendy & Ho 2013)
    

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14. May 18th, 2017 NERQUAM2017, Boston University 14
    PG 1211+143: Photoionization Modeling
    PG 1211+143: Photoionization Modeling
    Thermal Stability Curve and Ion Fraction Plots
    

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