Ultra-fast Outflows from Active Galactic Nuclei of Seyfert I Galaxies

Lunch talk at High Energy Phenomena Seminar, Harvard-CfA, Cambridge, USA, September 2016

Transcript

1. Ultra-fast Outflows from Ultra-fast Outflows from Active Galactic Nuclei of Active Galactic Nuclei of Seyfert I Galaxies Seyfert I Galaxies Ashkbiz Danehkar Ashkbiz Danehkar Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ashkbiz.danehkar@cfa.harvard.edu ashkbiz.danehkar@cfa.harvard.edu September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar, Phillips Auditorium, Harvard/CfA/SAO, Cambridge , MA In collaborations with: Julia Lee (Harvard), Mike Nowak (MIT), In collaborations with: Julia Lee (Harvard), Mike Nowak (MIT), Randall Smith (SAO), Gerard Kriss (STSI) and et al. Randall Smith (SAO), Gerard Kriss (STSI) and et al.
2. Plasma Jets Plasma Jets Large-scale galactic outflows Accretion disk Small-scale radiation-driven winds
3. Plasma Jets Plasma Jets Large-scale galactic outflows Accretion disk Small-scale radiation-driven winds
4. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 4 Outline  Introduction  Active Galactic Nuclei Unified Model  Ionized X-ray Absorbers in AGNs of Seyfert I Galaxies  X-ray Ionized Absorbers  Warm Absorbers (WAs) and Ultra-fast Outflows (UFOs)  Photoionization Modeling of Ionized Absorbers  Absorber Density Profile  Unification of WAs and UFOs  UFOs from the Quasar PG 1211+143?  Conclusion
5. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 5 Introduction Introduction AGN Unified Model (radio-loud & -quiet AGN, Seyfert I & II Galaxies) Beckmann & Shrader 2012, Active Galactic Nuclei Unified Models for AFNs Antonucci, ARA&A, 1993, 31, 473 Unified Schemes for AGNs Megan Urry & Padovani, 1995, PASP, 107, 803 Fanaroff–Riley class I Fanaroff–Riley class II
6. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 6 Ionized X-ray Absorbers in AGNs of Seyfert I Galaxies Introduction Introduction Disk Black-body Hot Corona Warm Absorbers K-shell Iron Beckmann & Shrader 2012 Risaliti & Elvis 2004 (bbody + powerlaw + ∑ emis) x ∏ abs
7. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 7 X-ray Ionized Absorbers X-ray Ionized Absorbers  Ultra-fast Outflows (UFOs):  hard X-ray blue-shifted absorption lines  H-like & He-like Fe Ions  Velocity > 10,000 km/s (0.03c)  high velocity ~ 0.1– 0.4c (Pounds + 2003, Cappi 2006, Braito + 2007)  Recently observed in 30% of radio-quiet and -loud AGNs (Tombest + 2010,2011,2012,2014)  Warm Absorbers (WAs):  soft X-ray blue-shifted absorption lines  H-like & He-like O, Ne, Mg, Si, S Ions  Velocity < 10,000 km/s (0.03c)  Observed in 50% of Seyfert I galaxies (Reynold & Fabian 1995, Reynold 1997, George + 1998)
8. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 8 X-ray Ionized Absorbers X-ray Ionized Absorbers Cappi 2006
9. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 9  Very Computationally Expensive  Required Special Technique e.g. Parallelization with MPI_XSTAR Photoionization Modeling of Ionized Absorbers Photoionization Modeling of Ionized Absorbers  Photo-emission, Warm absorption XSTAR (Kallman + 1996, 2004) or CLOUDY (Ferland + 1998) (bbody + powerlaw + ∑ photemis) x ∏ warmabs  Physical Conditions  Column density (N H )  Ionization parameter (ξ)  Number density (n)
10. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 10 Ionization parameter Photoionization Modeling of Ionized Absorbers Photoionization Modeling of Ionized Absorbers Photoionization Code XSTAR (Kallman + 1996, 2004) Gas density Luminosity (0.0136- 13.6 keV) Radius Column density Shell thicknes s Outflow velocity BH mass King & Pounds 2015; XMM-Newton & Suzaku (42 radio-quiet, Tombesi et al 2011; 51 AGN, Gofford et al. 2013)
11. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 11 Photoionization Modeling of Ionized Absorbers Photoionization Modeling of Ionized Absorbers NGC 4051 (six XSTAR absorbers) Pounds & King 2013 Schematic view of the shocked wind model Pounds & King 2013
12. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 12  Absorption Measure Distribution (AMD): similar to Emission Measure Distribution (EMD) Absorber Density Profile Absorber Density Profile Tombesi + 2013 n(r) ~ r -1.4 density profile Behar 2009
13. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 13 Unification of UFOs and WAs Unification of X-ray Ionized Absorbers Unification of X-ray Ionized Absorbers Tombesi + 2013
14. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 14 Non-Unification of UFOs and WAs Unification of X-ray Ionized Absorbers Unification of X-ray Ionized Absorbers Tombesi + 2013
15. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 15 XMM-Newton Observations  UFOs v out ~ -0.08c (Pounds + 2003, Pounds & Page 2006; Pounds + 2016)  H- and He-like ions of C, N, O, Ne, Mg, S and Fe (Pounds + 2003)  Infall redshift with 0.2c-0.4c (Reeves + 2005)  Two-component outflows  -0.14c  -0.07c (Pounds 2014; Pounds et al. 2016) NuSTAR Observations  No UFO (Zoghbi + 2015) The Quasar PG 1211+143 The Quasar PG 1211+143 Chandra Grating Observations  High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG; PI: J.C. Lee)  6 observations over 9 days ~ 433 ks  H- and He-like ions of Ne, Mg, S with - 0.06c  H- and He-like ions of Fe with -0.07c  Infall H- and He-like ions of Fe with 0.12c (redshift)  UV observations with HST  Radio observations with VLA
16. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 16 The Quasar PG 1211+143 The Quasar PG 1211+143 PG 1211+143 Chandra Observations (PI J.C. Lee) Minimum Variability over Time:
17. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 17 The Quasar PG 1211+143 The Quasar PG 1211+143 PG 1211+143 Chandra Observations (PI J.C. Lee)
18. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 18 The Quasar PG 1211+143 The Quasar PG 1211+143 Thermal (In-)Stability of Ionized Absorbers: Danehkar +, in prepartion
19. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 19 Danehkar +, in prepartion The Quasar PG 1211+143 The Quasar PG 1211+143 Thermal (In-)Stability of Ionized Absorbers:
20. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 20 Summary Summary  Seyfert I galaxies  WAs: soft X-ray blue-shifted absorption lines of H-like & He-like O, Ne, Mg, Si, S ions with low velocity < 0.03c  UFOs: hard X-ray blue-shifted absorption lines of H-like & He-like Fe ions with high velocity ~ 0.1– 0.4c  Photoionization Code XSTAR (XSTAR Grids, xstardb)  Physical Conditions: ionization parameters, column density, & gas density  Absorber Density Profile: n(r) ~ r -1.4  Unification of X-ray Ionized Absorbers: UFOs + WAs ?  The Quasar PG 1211+143: multi-component absorbers with possible 0.06c and 0.11c ?
21. Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention
22. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 22 The Quasar PG 1211+143 The Quasar PG 1211+143 Thermal (In-)Stability of Ionized Absorbers: Danehkar et al, in prepartion
23. September 7th, 2016 High Energy Phenomena Seminar 23 Danehkar et al, in prepartion The Quasar PG 1211+143 The Quasar PG 1211+143 Thermal (In-)Stability of Ionized Absorbers: