hours), number of pages (in a document), etc. Counts Quantitative Data Examples E.g. Geographic area, distance, size of a building, etc. Measurement of Physical Objects E.g. Likert-scale style survey questions Quantification of Qualitative Info
labels/ categories; no meaningful order to values Depict the order of a measurement, but not the difference between integers Depict the order and difference between integers (“interval” = distance between entities); No “true” zero Depict the order and difference between integers; “True” zero ✓ Genders ✓ Countries ✓ Cities ✓ Occupations
no meaningful order to values Depict the order of a measurement, but not the difference between integers ✓ Genders ✓ Countries ✓ Cities ✓ Occupations ✓ Likert-scale survey responses ✓ “Star” ratings ✓ Interval/ratio data expressed as categories
labels/ categories; no meaningful order to values Depict the order of a measurement, but not the difference between integers Depict the order and difference between integers (“interval” = distance between entities); No “true” zero Depict the order and difference between integers; “True” zero ✓ Genders ✓ Countries ✓ Cities ✓ Occupations ✓ Likert-scale survey responses ✓ “Star” ratings ✓ Interval/ratio data expressed as categories ✓ IQ Scores ✓ Temperature ✓ Age ✓ Income ✓ Budgets
to generate qualitative data • Con add valuable details or info beyond closed-ended questions • Open to differing interpretations (incompatible findings) • Burden for respondent
your project in the class? 5 Example Matrix Scale Response Question Very confident Confident Somewhat confident A little confident Not at all confident Research design ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Data analysis ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ Writing ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ 4 3 2 1
much an art as a science…There are many possible questions and many shades of meaning based on wording choice. The English language can be problematic because the same words can mean different things. — Gail Johnson