小さいLinux環境の作り方

割と新しめのカーネルで、フロッピーディスク1枚に収まるLinuxディストリビューションを作る方法を解説します

Transcript

1. খ͍͞ -JOVY؀ڥͷ ࡞Γํ Naomasa Matsubayashi
2. อଘ͢ΔΞΠίϯ ϑϩοϐʔσΟεΫ
3. ೥୅ॳ಄ ϑϩοϐʔσΟεΫʹඞཁͳ෺͕શ෦ೖͬͨ -JOVYσΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯ͕ྲྀߦͬͨ qPQQJY )"- UPNTSUCU IUUQDISJTTJMNPSEFIBM IUUQqPQQJYDPN IUUQXXXUPNTOFUSC
4. େମͲͷυϥΠϒͰ΋ಡΊΔ ࠷େͷσΟεΫϑΥʔϚοτ͸,J#ͷ)% ΠϯνϑϩοϐʔσΟεΫͷ༰ྔ % ,J# % ,J# %% .BD ,J# %% ,J# %% .BD ,J# %% 1$ ,J# %% ,J# )% 1$ ,J# )% 1$"5 .BD ,J# &% ,J# 5% ,J#
5. ϒʔτϩʔμʔͱ -JOVYΧʔωϧͱ ϢʔβϥϯυΛ ߹Θͤͯ ,J#ʹऩΊΕ͹Α͍
6.                          Y σϑΥϧτͷΧʔωϧίϯϑΟάͰ Ϗϧυͨ͠ΧʔωϧͷαΠζͷਪҠ CZUFT
7.                        Y ϑϩοϐʔσΟεΫͷ༰ྔͷݶք ݱ࣮తͳΧʔωϧαΠζͷݶք -JOVY
   
   ༨༟ -JOVY
   
   ͍ۤ͠ -JOVY
   
   ઈ๬త CZUFT
8. ೥݄೔ -JOVY
   
   ։ൃऴྃ IUUQTMLNMPSHMLNM Date Mon, 9 Apr 2012 15:30:50 +0200 From Willy Tarreau <> Subject No more Linux 2.4 releases
9. σϑΥϧτͷΧʔωϧίϯϑΟάͰ Ϗϧυͨ͠-JOVY
    ,J#
10. ,J# ࠷খݶͷυϥΠό͚ͩͰ Ϗϧυͨ͠-JOVY
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11. $0/'*(@&91&35 ΧʔωϧͷجຊతͳػೳΛແޮʹͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ
12. $0/'*(@6*% ೥
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13. $0/'*(@,"--4:.4 Χʔωϧ͕Ϋϥογϡͨ࣌͠ͷόοΫτϨʔεʹ γϯϘϧ໊͕ग़ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ͋Δ࣌ ͳ͍࣌ ਓ͕ؒಡΊΔ όΠφϦΞϯ͚͕ͩಡΊΔ
14. Linux version 3.12.8 (root@Grueza) (gcc version 4.7.3 (Gentoo 4.7.3-r1 p1.4, pie-0.5.5) ) #2 Sat Feb 22 17:22:05 JST 2014 e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000007ffdfff] usable BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000007ffe000-0x0000000007ffffff] reserved BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000feffc000-0x00000000feffffff] reserved BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fffc0000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved Notice: NX (Execute Disable) protection cannot be enabled: non- PAE kernel! SMBIOS 2.4 present. e820: last_pfn = 0x7ffe max_arch_pfn = 0x100000 PAT not supported by CPU. init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00000000-0x000fffff] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x07800000-0x07bfffff] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00100000-0x077fffff] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x07c00000-0x07ffdfff] 0MB HIGHMEM available. 127MB LOWMEM available. mapped low ram: 0 - 07ffe000 low ram: 0 - 07ffe000 Zone ranges: DMA [mem 0x00001000-0x00ffffff] Normal [mem 0x01000000-0x07ffdfff] HighMem empty Movable zone start for each node Early memory node ranges node 0: [mem 0x00001000-0x0009efff] node 0: [mem 0x00100000-0x07ffdfff] e820: [mem 0x08000000-0xfeffbfff] available for PCI devices Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 32412 Kernel command line: console=ttyS0 PID hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes) Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes) $0/'*(@13*/5, Χʔωϧ͕ίϯιʔϧ౳ʹ৘ใΛग़ྗ͢Δػೳ ੾ΔͱΧʔωϧ͕ແޱʹͳΔ ͋Δ࣌ ͳ͍࣌
15. $0/'*(@#6( Χʔωϧ͕ҟৗΛݕ஌ͨ࣌͠ʹ ΞʔΩςΫνϟຖͷద੾ͳํ๏Ͱ ͦͷ͜ͱΛ௨஌͢Δ࢓૊Έ ੾ΔͱυϥΠό౳͕ ҟৗΛݕ஌ͯ͠΋ ͦͷ··૸Δ
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19. $0/'*(@4*(/"-'% γάφϧΛγάφϧϋϯυϥͰ͸ͳ͘ ϑΝΠϧσΟεΫϦϓλͰड͚ͱΕΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ $0/'*(@5*.&3'% ϑΝΠϧσΟεΫϦϓλͱͯ͠ѻ͑ΔλΠϚʔ $0/'*(@&7&/5'% Ϣʔβۭؒͷϓϩηεಉ࢜΍ ΧʔωϧͱϢʔβۭؒͷϓϩηεͷؒͰ ΠϕϯτΛ௨஌͢ΔͨΊͷϑΝΠϧσΟεΫϦϓλ $0/'*(@&10-- ϑΝΠϧσΟεΫϦϓλʹมԽ͕͋ͬͨࣄΛ Χʔωϧ͔Β௨஌ͯ͠΋Β͏࢓૊Έ
20. $0/'*(@4).&. ڞ༗ϝϞϦϑΝΠϧγεςϜΛΨν࣮૷ʹ͢Δ͔ ࠷খݶͷ࣮૷ʹ͢Δ͔Λબ΂Δ ࠷খݶͷ࣮૷Ͱ͸ Ϧιʔε੍ݶ͕ޮ͔ͳ͍ TXBQΛ࢖Θͳ͍ ͱ੍͍ͬͨ໿͕͋Δ
21. $0/'*(@"*0 ࢖ΘΕͳ͍ࣄʹఆධͷ͋Δ -JOVYͷඇಉظ*0Λαϙʔτ͢Δ IUUQMXOOFU"SUJDMFT ৄ͘͠͸͜ͷล
22. $0/'*(@7.@&7&/5@$06/5&34 OS@EJSUZ
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23. $0/'*(@4-0# $0/'*(@&91&35Λ༗ޮʹ͢Δͱ௥Ճ͞ΕΔ ΧʔωϧϝϞϦΞϩέʔλ 4-"#Ξϩέʔλ࣮૷Ҏલͷ-JOVYͷΞϩέʔλʹ 4-"#ΤϛϡϨʔγϣϯϨΠϠʔΛ௥Ճͯ͠ 4-"#ͷ୅ΘΓʹ࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹͨ͠΋ͷ 4-"#ΑΓϑϥάϝϯςʔγϣϯΛى͜͠΍͘͢ εέʔϥϏϦςΟʹ͚ܽΔ͕ ඇৗʹখ͍͞ίʔυͰ࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯΔ IUUQMXOOFU"SUJDMFT ৄ͘͠͸͜ͷล
24. #-0$,
    
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25. ,J# $0/'*(@&91&35Ͱߋʹ࡟ͬͨ -JOVY
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26. ,J# -JOVY
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27. ۭ͖ྖҬʹऩ·ΔΑ͏ʹϢʔβϥϯυΛ࡞Δ ϑϩοϐʔσΟεΫͷ༰ྔ ΧʔωϧͷαΠζ ,J# ,J# ,J# Ϣʔβϥϯυʹ࢖͑Δ༰ྔ -;."Ͱѹॖͨ͠ঢ়ଶͰ ,J#ະຬʹͳΔJOJUSBNGTΛ࡞Δ
28. ϒʔτ ϩʔμʔ Χʔωϧ JOJUSBNGT ϒʔτ ϩʔμʔ Χʔωϧ ϒʔτϩʔμىಈ Χʔωϧىಈ JOJUSBNGTͷJOJUىಈ ϧʔτϑΝΠϧγεςϜͷJOJUىಈ JOJUSBNGT SPPUGT SPPUGT JOJUSBNGTʹඞཁͳ΋ͷΛશͯೖΕͯ SPPUGTΛͳͦ͘͏
29. -;."Ͱѹॖͨ͠ঢ়ଶͰ ,J#ະຬʹͳΔJOJUSBNGTΛ࡞Δ ѹॖϑΝΠϧγεςϜΑΓখ͘͞ͳΔ ϑϩοϐʔσΟεΫͷυϥΠό͕ཁΒͳ͍ ϑΝΠϧγεςϜͷυϥΠό͕ཁΒͳ͍
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36. #64:#09 -JOVY؀ڥͰΑ͘࢖ΘΕΔίϚϯυΛ ՄೳͳݶΓখ࣮͘͞૷ͨ͠΋ͷ શͯͷίϚϯυΛͭͷόΠφϦʹू໿͢Δ͜ͱͰ ಉ͡Α͏ͳ࣮૷͕ෳ਺ͷόΠφϦʹࢄΒ͹ΔͷΛ๷͙ IUUQXXXCVTZCPYOFU %SPQCFBS ඇৗʹখ͍͞44)αʔόɺΫϥΠΞϯτ IUUQTNBUUVDDBTOBVESPQCFBSESPQCFBSIUNM
37. $ readelf -s a.out Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 13 entries: Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx 0: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND 1: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__ 2: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses 3: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2) 4: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.2.5 (3) 5: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __cxa_atexit@GLIBC_2.2.5 (3) 6: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTab 7: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcE@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2) 8: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _ITM_registerTMCloneTable 9: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2) 10: 00000000004007d0 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND _ZSt4endlIcSt11char_trait@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2) $ readelf -s a.out Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 13 entries: Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name 0: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND 1: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__ 2: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses 3: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2) 4: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.2.5 (3) 5: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __cxa_atexit@GLIBC_2.2.5 (3) 6: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTab 7: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcE@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2) 8: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _ITM_registerTMCloneTable 9: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2) 10: 00000000004007d0 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND TUSJQ
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38. $ readelf -S a.out There are no sections in this file. $ readelf -S a.out There are 28 section headers, starting at offset 0x1180: Section Headers: [Nr] Name Type Address Offset Size EntSize Flags Link Info Align [ 0] NULL 0000000000000000 00000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0 0 0 [ 1] .interp PROGBITS 0000000000400270 00000270 000000000000001c 0000000000000000 A 0 0 1 [ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 000000000040028c 0000028c 0000000000000020 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4 [ 3] .hash HASH 00000000004002b0 000002b0 0000000000000048 0000000000000004 A 5 0 TUSJQ
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39. $ mkdir etc/ $ cat <<EOF >etc/init.d/rcS #!/bin/ash hostname Tiny mount -t proc none /proc mount -t sysfs none /sys ifconfig eth0 up udhcpc eth0 crond EOF $ cat <<EOF >etc/inittab ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS tty1::respawn:/sbin/getty -L tty1 38400 linux tty2::respawn:/sbin/getty -L tty2 38400 linux ttyS0::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 115200 vt100 ::restart:/sbin/init ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r EOF
40. $ mkdir -p proc sys dev root tmp var/spool/cron/ crontabs/ usr/share/udhcpc/ cp -rpdf /dev/ {console,full,hpet,initctl,kmem,mem,null,nvram,port, ptya[0-9],ptya[a-f],random,rtc0,sda*,tty,tty [0-9],ttyS[0-1],urandom,zero} dev/ $ cp /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script usr/share/ udhcpc $ cat <<EOF >etc/group root:x:0:root bin:x:1:root,bin tty:x:5: kmem:x:9: uucp:x:14: EOF $ cat <<EOF >etc/passwd root:5vqD6957XLPg2:0:0:root:/root:/bin/ash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/false EOF $ ln -s bin/busybox init
41. ۭ͖ྖҬʹऩ·ΔΑ͏ʹϢʔβϥϯυΛ࡞Δ ,J# CVTZCPY ελςΟοΫϦϯΫ ,J# ESPQCFBS ελςΟοΫϦϯΫ ඇѹॖͷϢʔβϥϯυ ,J# DQJPͯ͠M[NB JOJUSBNGTDQJPM[NB ,J# ,J# Ϣʔβϥϯυʹ࢖͑Δ༰ྔ ଍Γͨ
42. ϑϩοϐʔσΟεΫΛ ϒʔτՄೳʹ͠Α͏ %JSFDU
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43. $ mkfs.minix /dev/fd0 $ mount -t auto /dev/fd0 /boot $ cp initramfs.cpio.lzma /boot $ cp $(KERNEL_DIR)/arch/x86/boot/ bzImage /boot/vmlinuz $ cat <<EOF >/etc/lilo.conf boot = /dev/fd0 compact map = /boot/map vga = normal image = /boot/vmlinuz label = "Linux" initrd = /boot/initramfs.cpio.lzma EOF $ lilo -*-0ΛΠϯετʔϧ
44. LILO 23.2 Loading Linux BIOS data check successful starting pid 35, tty '/dev/tty1': '/ sbin/getty -L tty1 38400 linux' Tiny login: ಈ͍ͨ
45. # wget http://slashdot.org/ Connecting to slashdot.org (216.34.181.45:80) # dmesg dmesg: klogctl: Function not implemented
46. 44)ΫϥΠΞϯτಉࠝ൛ *1WରԠ൛ IUUQUDP:/24MFF NETVN
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47. Ͱ΋΍ͬͺΓϑϧػೳͷ-JOVYΧʔωϧͷ্Ͱ σεΫτοϓ؀ڥಈ͔ͯ͠ 5XJUUFS͍ͨ͠ΑͶ ϑϩοϐʔσΟεΫ͔Βىಈ͢ΔΧʔωϧ͸ ωοτϫʔΫ͔Βμ΢ϯϩʔυͨ͠ผͷΧʔωϧΛ LFYFDͰىಈ͢Δ͜ͱʹಛԽͤ͞Δ ஈ֊໨ͷΧʔωϧ͸ J4$4*λʔήοτΛSPPUGTͱͯ͠Ϛ΢ϯτ ͋ͱ͸༰ྔͷ੍ݶͳ͍ͭ͘΋ͷ-JOVY؀ڥ
48. LFYFD -JOVYΧʔωϧΛϒʔτϩʔμͱͯ͠ ผͷ-JOVYΧʔωϧΛىಈ͢Δ࢓૊Έ ҰൠతͳϒʔτϩʔμͰ͸खʹෛ͑ͳ͍ॴʹ ஔ͔ΕͨΧʔωϧΛىಈ͍ͨ͠ #*04Λܦ༝ͤͣʹߴ଎ʹϦϒʔτ͍ͨ͠ Χʔωϧ͕Ϋϥογϡͨ࣌͠ʹ ผͷΧʔωϧͰσόοά͍ͨ͠ LEVNQ ͦΜͳ࣌ʹ࢖͏
49. ʮ਌ํۭ͔ΒGentoo͕ʯγεςϜ Ϋϥ΢υ LFYFD༻ Χʔωϧ BVGTΛ࢖ͬͯ มߋ͸3".ʹอଘ ϑϧ૷උͳΧʔωϧ J4$4* SFBEPOMZ ᶃ ᶄ IUUQUDPI'YZVTBLFO CBDEFEFCEBFFEDEEF ᶅ Gentoo )551
50. ʮ਌ํۭ͔ΒGentoo͕ʯγεςϜ IUUQUDPI'YZVTBLFO CBDEFEFCEBFFEDEEF
51. MJOVYYZ͕&0-ʹͳͬͨΒ ·ͩઓ͏ज़͸͋Δ ͜͜·ͰY@Λ࢖͖͕ͬͯͨ Yʹ͢Ε͹ एׯΧʔωϧ͕খ͘͞ͳΔ ,J# ͷ৔߹ ,J#
52. MJOVYYZ͕&0-ʹͳͬͨΒ ·ͩઓ͏ज़͸͋Δ ϒϩοΫσόΠεΛ Ұ੾αϙʔτ͠ͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Ε͹ /PPQεέδϡʔϥ͕ෆཁʹͳΔ ,J# ,J# ͷ৔߹
53. MJOVYYZ͕&0-ʹͳͬͨΒ ·ͩઓ͏ज़͸͋Δ "$1*ͱDQVGSFR͸ ʮඞͣ༗Δͱظ଴͢ΔυϥΠό͕ډΔʯ ͨΊʹ΍Ήͳ͘༗ޮʹ͍ͯ͠Δ ͜ͷ΁ΜͷυϥΠόͷ ιʔεΛमਖ਼͢Ε͹ "$1*ͱDQVGSFR͸֎ͤΔ͸ͣ
54.                       ·ͱΊ -JOVYΧʔωϧ͸͜ͷ೥ͰڊେԽ͚ͨ͠Ͳ ࠓͷ-JOVYʹ͸ڊେԽʹ߅͏खஈ΋๛෋ʹ͋Δ͔Β ετϨʔδ͕ઈ๬తʹখͯ͘͞΋ ෛ͚ΔͳΨϯόϨʂ
55. 44)ಉࠝ൛ *1W൛ (FOUPP൛ Thank you for listening. ઃఆ౳ IUUQUDPRG-Y[PL NETVN
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