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The Node.js Scalability Myth
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Felix Geisendörfer
May 02, 2012
Technology
3
390
The Node.js Scalability Myth
Presentation given on 27.04.2012 at Roots conference in Bergen, Norway.
Felix Geisendörfer
May 02, 2012
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Transcript
The Node.js Scalability Myth Felix Geisendörfer 27.04.2012 at Roots Conference
(Bergen, Norway)
(@)felixge(.de)
core contributor
transloadit.com (using node since v0.0.6)
History
Ryan Dahl starts the node project (first commit) Feb 16,
2009
Discovered node.js (v0.0.6) ~June, 2009
None
Core Contributor & Module Author node-mysql node-formidable + 30 other
modules
Isaac Schlueter starts the npm package manager (first commit) Sep
29, 2009
Ryan’s talk at JSConf.EU gets people excited about node Nov
7, 2009
(c) @substack Jan 30, 2012 Ryan appoints Isaac to lead
node.js
Topic of this Talk
I need to build an über-scalable web service. It will
be the next big thing!
Easy! I will use node.js and MongoDB!
Easy! I will use node.js and MongoDB!
Because node.js is “scalable”, right?
None
Audience?
Node.js?
Are you measuring app performance in production?
1000 req / s
100 req / s
10 req / s
10 requests / per second = 864000 requests / day
10 req / s
The End?
I REALLY need to build an über-scalable web service!!11!1
Scalability
(c) @substack
The Node.js Scalability Myth • Threads don’t scale • Event
loops do
The Node.js Scalability Myth • Threads don’t scale • Event
loops do (Probably) not true in 2012 (Very likely) not relevant
More relevant • Understanding your tools • Using the right
tool for the job
Node’s Concurrency Model
Node’s Concurrency Model 1 var http = require('http'); 2 3
http.createServer(function(req, res) { 4 res.end('Hello World'); 5 }).listen(8080); server.js
Node’s Concurrency Model $ node server.js
Node’s Concurrency Model • Node loads server.js from disk ->
v8 compiles & executes • listen() allocates and binds a file descriptor • Event Loops starts running
Node’s Concurrency Model 1 while (true) { 2 int r
= select(nfds, readfds, writefds, errorfds, 0); 3 if (r === 0) { 4 continue; 5 } 6 7 // Figure out which fds had activity, accept() on server fds, read() on // connection fds, write() queued writes 8 } Abstracted by libuv Different on Windows
Node’s Concurrency Model • Cooperative multitasking • Low memory usage
• Fast / efficient • Simple (compared to threads)
Vertical Scalability
Adding more resources to a single node
Vertical Scalability • CPU • GPUs • Memory • Disk
• Network
CPU
CPU (v8) • V8 compiles JS to Assembly • Just-in-time
compilation (JIT) • Does pretty well in those language benchmarks
Computers of the future will have hundreds of cores!
CPU • Node is single threaded (runs on a single
CPU) • No shared memory
But ...
Does your problem require shared memory?
If yes: Don’t use node
And: Good Luck
If no: child_process.fork()
Redis / ZeroMQ are your friends
GPUs
GPUs • No support in node itself • node-cuda addon
by Kashif Rasul
Memory
Memory • No hard memory limit on 64 bit (since
node-0.6 / v8-3.7) • JS is a garbage collected language (avoid huge heaps) • Buffers do not count towards heap
Network
Network • Node’s concurrency model is optimized for networking •
Good at fully saturating available network resources
Disk
Disk • Done in thread pool • Unfortunately along with
DNS at this point • Throughput ok, but not ideal yet • sendfile() not working yet
Does node scale vertically?
Yeah, good enough
Horizontal Scalability
Adding more nodes to a system
Bad News
Node.js has no horizontal scaling features
Even worse
This s#@t is really hard
Problems • De-coupling / encapsulation • CAP Theorem • System
Automation
...
Good Luck
One tip
Monitor & Measure! • Collect: node-measured, statsd, ... • Analyze:
Graphite, Librato Metrics, ... • Debug
So if node doesn’t have magic scaling, what is it
good for?
<Live Coding>
tl;dr • Know your requirements • There are no silver
bullets
Questions? Slides will be available at felixge.de
Thanks
Feedback