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MongoDB 101
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Nick Jackson
May 07, 2012
Technology
1
110
MongoDB 101
A crash course on MongoDB I gave to attendees at the JISC MRD Hackday organised by DevCSI.
Nick Jackson
May 07, 2012
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Transcript
MongoDB 101
I am... • Nick Jackson • Awesome Developer Dude •
University of Lincoln • @jacksonj04
MongoDB Is... • A NoSQL document database.
Eh?
NoSQL • Is not a specification (unlike SQL). • (Generally)
doesn’t have schemas. • (Generally) works at web-scale. • (Generally) doesn’t do relational integrity.
Document Databases • Store documents. • Don’t store key-value pairs.
• Make building APIs and stuff really easy.
Ye Olde SQL id name email 1 Nick
[email protected]
2
Joss
[email protected]
Ye Olde SQL id name email office building 1 Nick
... 3107 MHT 2 Joss ... 3015 MHT 3 Harry ... NULL MHT
:-(
Documents: Awesome! { name: ‘Nick’, email: ‘
[email protected]
’, location: { office:
‘3105’, building: ‘MHT’ } }
Documents: Awesome! { name: ‘Harry’, email: ‘
[email protected]
’ }
Documents: Awesome! { name: ‘Joss’, email: ‘
[email protected]
’, location: { office:
‘3105’, building: ‘MHT’ }, likes: { music: [‘Folk’, ‘Hip-Hop’], drink: [‘Coffee’, ‘Ale’] } }
Servers Are Easy
On Its Own Mongo App
Replicated Mongo 1 Mongo 2 Mongo 3 App
Sharded App Router 1 Router 2 Mongo S1 Mongo S2
Mongo S3
http://mongodb.org
Inserts <3 JSON > db.people.save({name:'Nick'}) > db.people.save({name:'Joss'}) > db.people.save({name:'Harry'})
Query Be Simple... > db.people.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("4fa...103"), "name"
: "Nick" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4fa...104"), "name" : "Joss" } { "_id" : ObjectId("4fa...105"), "name" : "Harry" }
Query Be Simple... > db.people.find({name:'Nick'}) { "_id" : ObjectId("4fa...103"), "name"
: "Nick" }
Query Be Quick... > db.people.ensureIndex({name:1})
Updates are easy > db.people.update({name:'Nick'},{name:'Nick',likes: ['coffee']}) > db.people.find({name:'Nick'}) { "_id"
: ObjectId("4fa...103"), "name" : "Nick", "likes" : [ "coffee" ] }
Queries are powerful > db.people.update({name:'Joss'},{name:'Joss',likes: ['coffee','folk music']}) > db.people.find({likes:'coffee'}) {
"_id" : ObjectId("4fa...103"), "name" : "Nick", "likes" : [ "coffee" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("4fa...104"), "name" : "Joss", "likes" : [ "coffee", "folk music" ] }
Deletes are also easy > db.people.remove({name:'Nick'}) > db.people.find() { "_id"
: ObjectId("4fa...104"), "name" : "Joss", "likes" : [ "coffee", "folk music" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("4fa...105"), "name" : "Harry" }
Cool Things! • Geospatial indexes. db.places.find({loc:{$near:[-2, 53]}}) • JavaScript in
the Mongo shell. • Map/Reduce operations. • Can be used as a filesystem.
Downsides It has a few
It’s not ACID • Set of atomic operators, but no
things like transactions. • No enforced consistency. At all. • No locking, so updates can collide and be lost. • Disk writes are (usually) deferred, so data can be lost in failures.
It’s not ‘Enterprise’ • Your DBAs will find it new
and scary. • You need to un-learn a lot of the SQL mindset. • It’s not seen as ‘proven’, but this is generally rubbish.
Some MongoDB Users • Craigslist • MTV • SourceForge •
Disney • National Archives • HM Government • The Guardian • New York Times • bit.ly • GitHub • Foursquare • http://lncn.eu/fhx5