Confronting the "Extreme Planetary Systems" Claimed Around sdBVs

Conference presentation, 15 min. July 2015: Seventh Meeting on Hot Subdwarfs and Related Objects, Oxford, UK.

Transcript

1. Confronting the “Extreme Planetary Systems” Claimed Around sdBVs JJ Hermes
2. Banksy
3. Charpinet*et*al.*2011,*Nature,*480,*4967 KIC 05807616 Phase-folded at 5.76-hr signal Phase-folded at 8.23-hr signal FT: first 14 months! of Kepler data! (Q2+Q5-Q8) KOI$55.01:$$P orb $=$5.7625$hr1 1(48.204*9Hz)7 7~0.76*REarth& 7~0.44*MEarth& 7asep*=*1.290*R!7 KOI$55.02:$$P orb $=$8.2293$hr1 1(33.755*9Hz)7 7~0.87*REarth& 7~0.66*MEarth& 7asep*=*1.636*R!7 1 a Roche $=$0.624$R !(
4. Charpinet*et*al.*2011,*Nature,*480,*4967 KIC 05807616 Phase-folded at 5.76-hr signal Phase-folded at 8.23-hr signal FT: first 14 months! of Kepler data! (Q2+Q5-Q8) •  g*modes.(standing.waves),.must. be.reflected.off.surface& •  theoretical.cutoff.frequency.for. ell=1.g*modes.~4.5.hr.(61.GHz). (Hansen*et*al.*1985,*ApJ,*297,*554)7 “leaving$orbital$modulations$…$the$ most$plausible$interpretation.”7
5. P 1 $=$5.273$hr1 1(52.68*9Hz)7 P 2 $=$7.807$hr1 1(35.58*9Hz)7 P 3 $=$19.48$hr1 1(14.26*9Hz)7 KIC 10001893 theoretical cutoff frequency for ell=1 g-modes: 60 muHz SilvoMi*et*al.*2014,*A&A,*570,*A1307 FT: All 36 months of Kepler data
6. •  Signals.are.unstable.in.frequency& •  Signals.are.unstable.in.amplitude& •  Some.signals.are.in.impossible.planetary. configurations& Issues Complicating the Planetary Hypothesis
7. •  8.23*hr.signal.already. showed.frequency.instability. after.first.year& •  Charpinet+.2011.suggestion:. Dynamical.(orbital). perturbations.from.a.third. body.(w/.period.~57.days)& 1. Signals are Unstable in Frequency Charpinet*et*al.*2011,*Nature,*480,*4967 Synthetic FT w/ freq. modulation
8. 1. Signals are Unstable in Frequency Year 1:! All data used by Charpinet+ 2011 Year 2 Year 3 All Kepler data •  The.frequency.variability. is.not.long*term.coherent& •  Why.does.it.affect.one. mode.and.not.the.other?. (“~3:2.resonance”)&
9. 1. Signals are Unstable in Frequency Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 All Kepler data Right two panels are two random! g-mode pulsations in the same star
10. 2. Signals are Unstable in Amplitude (200-day sliding window, standard Kepler pipeline) F2 F1
11. 2. Signals are Unstable in Amplitude Jurek*Krzesinski*2015,*A&A,*in*press7 F2 F1 (200-day sliding window, custom pixel mask)
12. 2. Signals are Unstable in Amplitude SilvoMi*et*al.*2014,*A&A,*570,*A1307 Q3+Q5+Q6+ Q7+Q8.1 Q8.2+Q8.3+Q9+ Q10+Q11+! Q12.1+Q12.2 Q12.3+Q13+! Q14+Q15+Q16+ Q17.1+Q17.2 First 13 months Next 13 months Last ~13 months
13. 2. Signals are Unstable in Amplitude Jeffery*et*al.*2013,*MNRAS,*429,*32077 •  40,000.K.sdO.KIC.10449976.shows.unstable.~3.9.day.variability& •  “The.stochastic.variations.in.period.and.light.amplitude.are. a_ributed.to.weather.on.….a.tidally.locked.planet.that.is.heated. to.~5000.K.by.the.UV.radiation.from.the.hot.sdO.star.” & & & & & & &..... & & &SS*Bear*&*Soker*2014,*MNRAS,*437,*14007 Q3 Q9
14. 3. Signals Exist in Impossible Planetary Systems Østensen*et*al.*2014,*A&A,*569,*157 •  KIC.10553698A:.sdBV.in.3.4*day.binary.w/.~0.6.M! .WD& –  5σ.significant.signal.at.46.84.GHz.(5.93.hr)& •  KIC.11558725A:.sdBV.in.10*day.orbit.w/..>0.63.M!. WD.(Telting+.2012)& –  Significant.signals.at.37.86.GHz.(7.34.hr).and.49.78.GHz.(5.58.hr)& •  Dynamics.don’t.allow.for.planet(s).to.exist.inside.these.WD+sdBs( AA/2014/23611 0 100 200 300 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 100 200 300 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 0 100 200 300 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 Amplitude [ppm] 0 100 200 300 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 100 200 300 50 60 70 80 90 100 150 160 170 180 190 200 250 260 270 280 290 300 350 360 370 380 390 400 450 460 470 480 490 500 requency [µHz] xis has been truncated at 300 ppm to show sufficient details, even if there are d by a continuous line. B s- – S e- er n o- a h he es KIC 10553698A Photometric Doppler beaming signal from ~0.6 M! companion Significant signal at 46.84 µHz (5.93 hr)
15. If Not Planets, then What? •  Back*to*the*drawing*board:7 •  Contamination*from*a*nearby*star7 •  Custom*pixel*masks7 •  Spurious*Kepler*frequencies7 •  Not*in*Baran*2013*(arXiv:*1306.5472)7 •  Rotational*modulations7 •  pSmode*spliMings:*Prot*~*40*days*7 •  Stellar*pulsations7 •  Cutoff*frequency?7 •  Nonlinear*combination*frequencies7 •  Possible*difference*frequencies?7 •  Reflection*off*closeSin*planets7
16. Revisiting the Theoretical Cutoff Frequency •  Critical.frequency. delineating. standing/running. waves& •  “Surface.reflection. condition”& •  Grey.atmosphere:. νcrit,l=1 .=.40.3.GHz& •  Charpinet+.2011. used.full.seismic. models,.found. νcrit,l=1 .=.61.0.GHz& & •  Hansen*et*al.*1985,* ApJ,*297,*554&
17. Revisiting the Theoretical Cutoff Frequency •  Not.an.energy.barrier,. just.an.energy.sink:. Amplitudes.shrink.but. not.necessarily.to.0& •  Really.want.to.compare. energy.leakage.e*folding. timescale.to.intrinsic. driving.e*folding. timescale& •  Truly.a.non*adiabatic. problem,.but.adiabatic. approx..should.be.decent& •  νcrit,l=1 .=.61.0.GHz& •  νcrit,l=2 .=.105.7.GHz& Charpinet*et*al.*2011,*Nature,*480,*4967
18. Nonlinear Combination Frequencies? e.g.,..f1 .+.f2 .=.f3 ....or....f1 .*.f2 .=.f3& Frequency.(GHz)& Amplitude.(ppt)& Hermes*et*al.*2014,*ApJ,*789,*857 Pulsating WD: GD 1212 Independent g-modes Combination frequencies Difference frequencies •  14.5.hr.signal.in.K2.run.on.white.dwarf.GD.1212:..f10 .*.f8&
19. Nonlinear Combination Frequencies? f15 .=.201.66.GHz& f1 .=.167.84.GHz& f15. *.f1 .=.33.82.GHz& f11 .=.248.32.GHz& f2 .=.199.51.GHz& f11. *.f2 .=.48.81.GHz& Independent g-modes in KIC 5807616 Exact nonlinear combination (can explain F2) Exact nonlinear combination (cannot explain F1)
20. Conclusion: Major Flaws w/ ‘Extreme sdB Planets’ •  At.least.four.sdBVs.in.Kepler.show.significant.5*9.hr.variability& •  Major.complications.to.these.being.reflections.off.close*in.planets:& –  Signals.are.unstable5in5frequency( –  Signals.are.unstable5in5amplitude( –  Some.signals.are.in.impossible5planetary5configurations( ( •  A.connection5with5pulsations5is.the.most.plausible.explanation,. but.several.interesting.questions.remain&