Joe Maffia Web, Mobile and Application Developer, Apple maniac, DJ - Producer, Sound engineer, music lover and a general full-time geek! http://about.me/joemaffia “amazing what Photoshop can do...” tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
{SQLite} SQLite is an in-process library that implements a self- contained, serverless, zero-configuration, transactional SQL database engine...contained in a small (~350 KB) C programming library. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Self-Contained It requires very minimal support from external libraries or from the operating system. This makes it well suited for use in embedded devices that lack the support infrastructure of a desktop computer. mobile? tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Serverless Most SQL database engines are implemented as a separate server process. With SQLite, the process that wants to access the database reads and writes directly from the database files on disk. There is no intermediary server process. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
No Setup Zero Configuration • No “setup” procedure. • No “installation”. • No “server process” to start, stop or configure. • No “administrator”. • No “configuration files”. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Transactional All changes within a single transaction in SQLite either occur completely or not at all. Program crash, operating system crash or a power failure. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Feature or Bug? It looks like a duck, it acts like a duck, it walks like a duck - it must be a duck. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
CREATE TABLE cartoon ( name TEXT, height INTEGER, .... ) INSERT INTO cartoon (name, height,...) VALUES (“donald”,”18cm”,...) If the string doesn't look like an integer -- it won't convert it. It will store it as a string. But it tries to convert it to integer if it can. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Limits? in this context means sizes or quantities that can not be exceeded. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Limits? in this context means sizes or quantities that can not be exceeded. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Limits in SQLite SQLite was originally designed with a policy of avoiding arbitrary limits. The policy was that if it would fit in memory and you could count it with a 32-bit integer, then it should work. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Unfortunately :( Because the upper bounds were not well defined, they were not tested, and bugs (including possible security exploits) were often found when pushing SQLite to extremes. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
“Limits” • 1 billion Maximum length of a string or BLOB • 2000 Maximum Number Of Columns • 64 Maximum Number Of Tables In A Join http://sqlite.org/limits.html tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Create vs Install • Create an empty database and define its structure and contents via SQL statements in Ti. • Install a predefined database (with or without data) that is shipped with your app. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
*iCloud iOS 5.0.1+ the database will be included in any other user data backed up to iCloud. db.file.setRemoteBackup(false); tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Tips & Tricks • Close db connection. • Transaction. • Too large pre-populated db. • Version Number tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
db.close(); In a mobile app, you're dealing with a single-user, memory constrained environment... It’s vital that you close the database connection when you have completed any INSERT or UPDATE operations. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
SQLite faq #19 Use transactions to speed up inserts! By default, each INSERT statement is its own transaction. But if you surround multiple INSERT statements with BEGIN...COMMIT then all the inserts are grouped into a single transaction. You create a single, mass operation against the database rather than x little operations. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Big db = Big app Ship a "skeleton" database file instead with the minimum amount of data required for the application to run. Then, on first boot, ask the user's authorization to download a replacement/update from a remote source. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
version 1.007αβγ • Is the user really running the old version or did a previous update fail? • Are they downloading a new app version or upgrading an existing version? • At the end of the day... is the data correct/ updated/wrong? Include a "version" table in your database! tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Problem Usage of the API is subject to rate limits. The default limit is 500 requests per hour Twitter is taking the default limit from 350 and cutting it to 175 Unauthenticated calls are permitted 150 requests per hour. Google warns that rate limits, overage fees are coming to Maps API will be capped at 25,000 map loads per day {API call} tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Solution? • I don’t care!?! :( • Once reached the limit, the user will pay the consequences... :/ tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Solution? • I don’t care!?! :( • Once reached the limit, the user will pay the consequences... :/ • Limit the API calls :| (timeframe or similar) tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Solution? • I don’t care!?! :( • Once reached the limit, the user will pay the consequences... :/ • Limit the API calls :| (timeframe or similar) • Saving results into files... but how many? how to manage them? tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
So, how do I query the database? It’s not a database. It’s a key-value store! Meet Bob tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
Ok, It’s not a database. How do I query it? You write a distributed map reduce function in Erlang! tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
NoSQL on Titanium Wikipedia In computing, NoSQL (sometimes expanded to "not only SQL") is a broad class of database management systems that differ from the classic model of the relational database management system (RDBMS) in some significant ways. These data stores may not require fixed table schemas, usually avoid join operations, and typically scale horizontally. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
• It was slow and difficult to constantly modify, re-index and deploy a new schema every time we changed the application or added a new feature • Migrating data between versions of the app became very difficult • Our data wasn’t secure – users with jail broken phones could basically change whatever they wanted whenever they wanted (and they did) • Translating between tabular data and objects in JavaScript turned out to be fairly inefficient even with our own custom ORM libraries • Maintaining large embedded SQL queries turned out to be a maintenance nightmare in JavaScript http://www.irlgaming.com/blog/nosql-ios-titanium-appcelerator-worries/ :( tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
• Secure – all data committed to and read from disk is signed so that it can’t be tampered with by users • File Based – we didn’t want to run a server on the handset, so all data committed to storage is encoded as JSON and stored in flat files. This also means that all your data is portable • Simple – we wanted to get rid of ugly SQL queries and make everything object based • Easy – no schema, no indexes, no complicated SQL. Just objects. That’s how JavaScript should be. :) http://www.irlgaming.com/blog/nosql-ios-titanium-appcelerator-worries/ tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
My vision with SculeJS wasn't just to replace JSONDB, but to provide powerful, generic data structures and algorithm implementations that developers could leverage in their day to day development. Daniel Eyles tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
SculeJS is actually a pretty advanced piece of technology • Implements B+Tree and Hash index types. • Compiles query expressions down to byte code that is then executed in a hybrid (stack + register) virtual machine. • The system also performs automatic query expression normalization and index selection to optimize the efficiency of queries. tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
SculeJS SculeJS can run in your web browser, in a NodeJS process, or even inside iOS and Android applications including a JavaScript runtime environment. https://github.com/dan-eyles/sculejs tiConf - VALENCIA, FEB 23-24th, 2013 #tiConf @joemaffia Saturday, 23 February 13
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