Pulling up the ladder? Migrants’ choices about helping others migrate or not

Presented at Examining Migration Dynamics: Networks and Beyond. University of Oxford, 24-26 September 2013. Like all my slide decks, this one is a visual aid to an oral presentation, not a self-exlanatory document. There's more information on my publications and work in progress on my web site: www.jorgencarling.com.

Transcript

1. Theorizing the Evolution of European
   Migration Systems (THEMIS)
   Examining Migration Dynamics: Networks and Beyond. University
   of Oxford, 24-26 September 2013
   Pulling up the ladder?
   Migrants’ choices
   about helping others
   migrate or not
   Jørgen Carling
   Jennifer Wu
   The views expressed here are those of the
   authors. They are not necessarily those of
   the THEMIS project or NORFACE.
   

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2. Theorizing the Evolution of European
   Migration Systems (THEMIS)
   What is help?
   • Actions
   • Objective
   • Aspirations
   • Request
   • Potential beneficiary
   • Potential provider
   

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3. Theorizing the Evolution of European
   Migration Systems (THEMIS)
   What is help?
   Decision
   to request
   help or not
   Decision
   to offer
   help or not
   

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4. Theorizing the Evolution of European
   Migration Systems (THEMIS)
   Decision
   to request
   help or not
   Decision
   to offer
   help or not
   Potential
   beneficiary
   Potential
   provider
   External environment(s)
   

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5. Theorizing the Evolution of European
   Migration Systems (THEMIS)
   Decision
   to request
   help or not
   Decision
   to offer
   help or not
   Potential
   beneficiary
   Potential
   provider
   External environment(s)
   

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6. Theorizing the Evolution of European
   Migration Systems (THEMIS)
   Design
   • 3 origins
   • 4 destinations
   • 12 corridors
   • Expanding
   • Stagnating
   

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7. Theorizing the Evolution of European
   Migration Systems (THEMIS)
   Survey data
   • N = 2860 in
   destination
   countries
   • Pooling by
   origin
   • Controlling
   for desti-
   nation
   

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8. Theorizing the Evolution of European
   Migration Systems (THEMIS)
   Brazilians Moroccans Ukrainians
   Netherlands … … …
   Norway … … …
   Portugal … … …
   UK … … …
   Other variables … … …
   Observations 1040 887 933
   Regression models, determinants of help
   

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9. Theorizing the Evolution of European
   Migration Systems (THEMIS)
   Having been asked
   for help with
   documents
   Having provided
   help with docu-
   ments, if asked
   Intention to help
   with documents,
   if asked
   • Destination
   country
   • Migration
   experience
   • Current
   circumstances
   

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10. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    • Destination
    country
    • Migration
    experience
    • Current
    circumstances
    Obtained information from
    a person at the destination
    Came to destination to be
    with partner (spouse)
    Motivated by culture or
    education
    Motivated by opportunities
    for work
    

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11. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    • Destination
    country
    • Migration
    experience
    • Current
    circumstances
    Strong tie to destination-
    country native
    Spends free time primarily
    with co-nationals
    Resource commitment to
    country of origin
    

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12. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Having been asked
    for help with
    documents
    Having provided
    help with docu-
    ments, if asked
    Intention to help
    with documents,
    if asked
    • Destination
    country
    • Migration
    experience
    • Current
    circumstances
    

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13. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Having been asked
    for help with
    documents
    Having provided
    help with docu-
    ments, if asked
    Intention to help
    with documents,
    if asked
    • Destination
    country
    • Migration
    experience
    • Current
    circumstances
    Outcome of
    specific requests
    for migration help
    • Potential
    beneficiary
    

    View Slide

14. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Having been asked
    for help with
    documents
    Having provided
    help with docu-
    ments, if asked
    Intention to help
    with documents,
    if asked
    • Destination
    country
    • Migration
    experience
    • Current
    circumstances
    Outcome of
    specific requests
    for migration help
    Obtained
    information from
    a person at the
    destination
    

    View Slide

15. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Having been asked
    for help with
    documents
    Having provided
    help with docu-
    ments, if asked
    Intention to help
    with documents,
    if asked
    • Destination
    country
    • Migration
    experience
    • Current
    circumstances
    Outcome of
    specific requests
    for migration help
    Obtained
    information from
    a person at the
    destination
    Brazilians
    2.748*
    

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16. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Having been asked
    for help with
    documents
    Having provided
    help with docu-
    ments, if asked
    Intention to help
    with documents,
    if asked
    • Destination
    country
    • Migration
    experience
    • Current
    circumstances
    Outcome of
    specific requests
    for migration help
    Obtained
    information from
    a person at the
    destination
    Moroccans
    

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17. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Having been asked
    for help with
    documents
    Having provided
    help with docu-
    ments, if asked
    Intention to help
    with documents,
    if asked
    • Destination
    country
    • Migration
    experience
    • Current
    circumstances
    Outcome of
    specific requests
    for migration help
    Obtained
    information from
    a person at the
    destination
    Ukrainians
    2.748*
    

    View Slide

18. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Having been asked
    for help with
    documents
    Having provided
    help with docu-
    ments, if asked
    Intention to help
    with documents,
    if asked
    Outcome of
    specific requests
    for migration help
    • Potential
    beneficiary
    

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19. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Outcome of
    specific requests
    for migration help
    • Potential
    beneficiary
    0 1 2 3 4 5
    Close family member
    Sibling
    Other relative
    Friend or colleague
    Other non-relative
    Odds ratios for providing migration help
    Ref
    

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20. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Outcome of
    specific requests
    for migration help
    • Potential
    beneficiary
    0 1 2 3 4 5
    Close family member
    Sibling
    Other relative
    Friend or colleague
    Other non-relative Brazilians
    Odds ratios for providing migration help
    Ref
    NS
    

    View Slide

21. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Outcome of
    specific requests
    for migration help
    • Potential
    beneficiary
    0 1 2 3 4 5
    Close family member
    Sibling
    Other relative
    Friend or colleague
    Other non-relative Moroccans
    Odds ratios for providing migration help
    Ref
    NS
    NS
    

    View Slide

22. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Outcome of
    specific requests
    for migration help
    • Potential
    beneficiary
    0 1 2 3 4 5
    Close family member
    Sibling
    Other relative
    Friend or colleague
    Other non-relative Ukrainians
    Odds ratios for providing migration help
    Ref
    NS
    NS
    

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23. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Conclusion
    • Having been helped ⇒
    inclined to help others
    (but not if Moroccan)
    

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24. Theorizing the Evolution of European
    Migration Systems (THEMIS)
    Financial support from NORFACE
    research programme on Migration in
    Europe is acknowledged.
    Thank You!
    jorgen.carling@prio.org
    jennifer.wu@prio.org
    

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