Everything a Microservice: The Worst Possible Intro to Druby

Microservices are great, but I think we can all agree: we need more of them and they should be micro-er. What's the logical limit here? What if every object was remote in a language where everything's an object? Let's take a look at dRuby, the distributed programming module you've never heard of, and use it to achieve that deranged goal! You'll learn about a nifty little corner of the standard library while we attempt to reach the illogical conclusion of today's hottest architecture trend. Be warned: those sitting in the first few rows may get poorly-marshaled data on them.

Transcript

1. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta x = "this is a micro service"
2. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta x = "this is a micro service"
3. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta x = "this is a micro service"
4. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices What do we know
5. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices What do we know A. Regular services, but smaller
6. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices What do we know A. Regular services, but smaller B. Better than services
7. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices What do we know A. Regular services, but smaller B. Better than services C. Smaller = better
8. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices What is the optimal size?
9. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices What is the optimal size? 1. Concept
10. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices What is the optimal size? 1. Concept 2. Model
11. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices What is the optimal size? 1. Concept 2. Model 3. Concern
12. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices What is the optimal size?
13. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices What is the optimal size?
14. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta x = SomeObject.new
15. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object local.rb remote.rb
16. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts "hi" end end local.rb remote.rb
17. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts "hi" end end obj = SomeClass.new local.rb remote.rb
18. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts "hi" end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo local.rb remote.rb
19. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts "hi" end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo local.rb remote.rb # puts "hi" on remote server
20. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Because Microservices
21. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo local.rb remote.rb
22. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote local.rb remote.rb
23. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote local.rb remote.rb
24. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote local.rb remote.rb
25. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote local.rb remote.rb
26. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Everything a Microservice Kevin Kuchta He/him Daybreak Health The worst possible intro to dRuby
27. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object local.rb remote.rb class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
28. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects local.rb remote.rb foo = (something) output = foo.bar
29. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects local.rb remote.rb foo = (something) output = foo.bar # bar runs over here
30. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby
31. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby $ gem install drb
32. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts
33. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb
34. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb
35. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb require 'drb/drb'
36. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end
37. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end DRb.start_service(
38. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555',
39. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555', RemoteServer.new )
40. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555', RemoteServer.new ) DRb.thread.join
41. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb require 'drb/drb' require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555', RemoteServer.new ) DRb.thread.join
42. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb require 'drb/drb' remote = DRbObject.new_with_uri( require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555', RemoteServer.new ) DRb.thread.join
43. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb require 'drb/drb' remote = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555' ) require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555', RemoteServer.new ) DRb.thread.join
44. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb require 'drb/drb' remote = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555' ) remote.foo require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555', RemoteServer.new ) DRb.thread.join
45. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb require 'drb/drb' remote = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555' ) remote.foo require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555', RemoteServer.new ) DRb.thread.join
46. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb $ ruby remote.rb require 'drb/drb' remote = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555' ) remote.foo require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555', RemoteServer.new ) DRb.thread.join
47. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb $ ruby local.rb $ ruby remote.rb require 'drb/drb' remote = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555' ) remote.foo require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555', RemoteServer.new ) DRb.thread.join
48. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta dRuby the good parts local.rb remote.rb $ ruby local.rb $ $ ruby remote.rb foo ran here require 'drb/drb' remote = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555' ) remote.foo require 'drb/drb' class RemoteServer def foo; puts "foo ran here"; end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555', RemoteServer.new ) DRb.thread.join
49. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Creating Remote Objects automagic local.rb remote.rb class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo
50. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects automagic local.rb remote.rb class SomeClass def foo; end end object = remote_new(SomeClass) object.foo
51. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects automagic *magic* local.rb remote.rb class SomeClass def foo; end end object = remote_new(SomeClass) object.foo
52. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects automatic local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass) klass.new() end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555', RemoteNewer.new) class SomeClass # ... end object = remote_new(SomeClass)
53. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects automagic local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass) klass.new() end end DRb.start_service( 'druby://localhost:5555', RemoteNewer.new) class SomeClass # ... end r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555' ) r.make_new(SomeClass)
54. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class RemoteObject def foo "bar" end end result = remote.foo
55. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class RemoteObject def foo "bar" end end result = remote.foo result.class # string
56. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class RemoteObject def foo SomethingWeird.new end end result = remote.foo
57. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class RemoteObject def foo SomethingWeird.new end end result = remote.foo result.class # Drb::DrbObject
58. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class RemoteObject def foo SomethingWeird.new end end result = remote.foo result.class # Drb::DrbObject result.something()
59. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class RemoteObject def foo SomethingWeird.new end end result = remote.foo result.class # Drb::DrbObject result.something() # ^ proxies method call
60. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class SomethingWeird include DRb::DRbUndumped end
61. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass) klass.new() .extend(DRb::DRbUndumped) end end
62. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass) klass.new() .extend(DRb::DRbUndumped) end end class SomeClass # ... end
63. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass) klass.new() .extend(DRb::DRbUndumped) end end class SomeClass # ... end r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555' )
64. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass) klass.new() .extend(DRb::DRbUndumped) end end class SomeClass # ... end r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555' ) obj = r.make_new(SomeClass)
65. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass) klass.new() .extend(DRb::DRbUndumped) end end class SomeClass # ... end r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555' ) obj = r.make_new(SomeClass) obj.class # DRb::DRbObject
66. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects proxying local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass) klass.new() .extend(DRb::DRbUndumped) end end
67. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects new + newer local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass .new(*rest, **kwargs, &block) .extend(DRb::DRbUndumped) end end
68. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass .new(*rest, **kwargs, &block) .extend(DRb::DRbUndumped) end end
69. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects putting it together local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass .new(*rest, **kwargs, &block) .extend(DRb::DRbUn dumped) end end
70. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects putting it together local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass .new(*rest, **kwargs, &block) .extend(DRb::DRbUn dumped) end end r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555')
71. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects putting it together local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass .new(*rest, **kwargs, &block) .extend(DRb::DRbUn dumped) end end r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555') remote_str = r.make_new( String, "123")
72. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects putting it together local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass .new(*rest, **kwargs, &block) .extend(DRb::DRbUn dumped) end end r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555') remote_str = r.make_new( String, "123") remote_str.class # Drb::DrbObject
73. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects putting it together local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass .new(*rest, **kwargs, &block) .extend(DRb::DRbUn dumped) end end r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555') remote_str = r.make_new( String, "123") remote_str.class # Drb::DrbObject remote_str.to_i
74. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Logging Remote Objects it's login' time local.rb remote.rb module InvokeMethodWithLogging def perform result = super @msg_id && ( puts "remote: #{@msg_id}" ) result end end class DRb::DRbServer::InvokeMethod prepend InvokeMethodWithLogging end
75. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Logging Remote Objects it's login' time local.rb remote.rb module InvokeMethodWithLogging def perform result = super @msg_id && ( puts "remote: #{@msg_id}" ) result end end class DRb::DRbServer::InvokeMethod prepend InvokeMethodWithLogging end
76. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass.new(*rest, **kwargs, &block).extend(DRb::DRbUnd umped) end end Remote Objects it's log-o-clock local.rb remote.rb r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555') remote_str = r.make_new( String, "123") remote_str.class # Drb::DrbObject remote_str.to_i
77. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass.new(*rest, **kwargs, &block).extend(DRb::DRbUnd umped) end end Remote Objects it's log-o-clock local.rb remote.rb $ remote.rb r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555') remote_str = r.make_new( String, "123") remote_str.class # Drb::DrbObject remote_str.to_i
78. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass.new(*rest, **kwargs, &block).extend(DRb::DRbUnd umped) end end Remote Objects it's log-o-clock local.rb remote.rb $ remote.rb remote: make_new r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555') remote_str = r.make_new( String, "123") remote_str.class # Drb::DrbObject remote_str.to_i
79. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass.new(*rest, **kwargs, &block).extend(DRb::DRbUnd umped) end end Remote Objects it's log-o-clock local.rb remote.rb $ remote.rb remote: make_new remote: to_i r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555') remote_str = r.make_new( String, "123") remote_str.class # Drb::DrbObject remote_str.to_i
80. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects Remote Object Everywhere local.rb remote.rb
81. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects Remote Object Everywhere local.rb remote.rb remote = DRbObject .new_with_uri('druby://localhost:5555')
82. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects Remote Object Everywhere local.rb remote.rb remote = DRbObject .new_with_uri('druby://localhost:5555') some_string = remote .make_new(String, "123")
83. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects Remote Object Everywhere local.rb remote.rb remote = DRbObject .new_with_uri('druby://localhost:5555') some_string = remote .make_new(String, "123") some_hash = remote .make_new(Hash)
84. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Remote Objects Remote Object Everywhere local.rb remote.rb remote = DRbObject .new_with_uri('druby://localhost:5555') some_string = remote .make_new(String, "123") some_hash = remote .make_new(Hash) some_other = remote .make_new(Other, 'foo', 3)
85. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Magic New what could go wrong? local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass.new(*rest, **kwargs, &block).extend(DRb::DRb Undumped) end end some_string = String.new("foo")
86. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Magic New what could go wrong? local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass.new(*rest, **kwargs, &block).extend(DRb::DRb Undumped) end end some_string = String.new("foo") $r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555') class Object def self.new(*args, **kwargs, &block) $r.remote_new( self, *args, **kwargs, &block) end end
87. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Magic New what could go wrong? local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass.new(*rest, **kwargs, &block).extend(DRb::DRb Undumped) end end some_string = String.new("foo") $r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555') class Object def self.new(*args, **kwargs, &block) $r.remote_new( self, *args, **kwargs, &block) end end
88. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Magic New what could go wrong? local.rb remote.rb class RemoteNewer def make_new(klass, *rest, **kwargs, &block) obj = klass.new(*rest, **kwargs, &block).extend(DRb::DRb Undumped) end end some_string = String.new("foo") $r = DRbObject.new_with_uri( 'druby://localhost:5555') class Object def self.new(*args, **kwargs, &block) $r.remote_new( self, *args, **kwargs, &block) end end
89. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Magic New what could go wrong? local.rb remote.rb class Object def self.new(*args, **kwargs, &block) contains_recursion = caller.any? { _1 =~ /(drb\/drb)/ } end end end
90. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Magic New what could go wrong? local.rb remote.rb class Object @@old_new = method(:new) def self.new(*args, **kwargs, &block) contains_recursion = caller.any? { _1 =~ /(drb\/drb)/ } end end end
91. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Magic New what could go wrong? local.rb remote.rb class Object @@old_new = method(:new) def self.new(*args, **kwargs, &block) contains_recursion = caller.any? { _1 =~ /(drb\/drb)/ } if contains_recursion @@old_new.unbind.bind(self)[*args, **kwargs, &block] end end end
92. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Magic New what could go wrong? local.rb remote.rb class Object @@old_new = method(:new) def self.new(*args, **kwargs, &block) contains_recursion = caller.any? { _1 =~ /(drb\/drb)/ } if contains_recursion @@old_new.unbind.bind(self)[*args, **kwargs, &block] else $r.make_new(self, *args, **kwargs, &block) end end end
93. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Magic New it works! local.rb remote.rb some_string = String.new("foo") some_string.to_i arr = Array.new([1,2,3]) sum = arr.sum
94. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Magic New it works! local.rb remote.rb $ remote.rb remote: make_new remote: to_i remote: make_new remote: sum some_string = String.new("foo") some_string.to_i arr = Array.new([1,2,3]) sum = arr.sum
95. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs local.rb remote.rb
96. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs local.rb remote.rb arr = Array.new([1,2,3])
97. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs local.rb remote.rb arr = Array.new([1,2,3]) sum = arr.sum
98. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs local.rb remote.rb arr = Array.new([1,2,3]) sum = arr.sum arr.include?(2)
99. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs local.rb remote.rb arr = Array.new([1,2,3]) sum = arr.sum arr.include?(2) arr.join("foo")
100. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs local.rb remote.rb arr = Array.new([1,2,3]) sum = arr.sum arr.include?(2) arr.join("foo") arr.each { |i| puts i }
101. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs local.rb remote.rb arr = Array.new([1,2,3]) sum = arr.sum arr.include?(2) arr.join("foo") arr.each { |i| puts i }
102. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs local.rb remote.rb arr = Array.new([1,2,3]) sum = arr.sum arr.include?(2) arr.join("foo") arr.each { |i| puts i }
103. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs
104. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs some_remote_object.foo(arg1)
105. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs some_remote_object.foo(arg1) # Under the hood: Marshal.dump(arg1)
106. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs some_remote_object.foo(arg1) # Under the hood: Marshal.dump(arg1) some_remote_object.foo { |x| x + 1 }
107. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs some_remote_object.foo(arg1) # Under the hood: Marshal.dump(arg1) some_remote_object.foo { |x| x + 1 } # Under the hood: Marshal.dump(proc { |x| x + 1 })
108. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs > dumped = Marshal.dump({a: 1})
109. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs > dumped = Marshal.dump({a: 1}) => "\x04\b{\x06:\x06ai\x06"
110. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs > dumped = Marshal.dump({a: 1}) => "\x04\b{\x06:\x06ai\x06" > Marshal.load(dumped)
111. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs > dumped = Marshal.dump({a: 1}) => "\x04\b{\x06:\x06ai\x06" > Marshal.load(dumped) => {:a=>1}
112. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs
113. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs Marshal.dump(proc { |x| x + 1 })
114. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs Marshal.dump(proc { |x| x + 1 }) # TypeError: no _dump_data is # defined for class Proc
115. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs y = 3 Marshal.dump(proc { |x| x + y }) # TypeError: no _dump_data is # defined for class Proc
116. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs class Proc end
117. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta def _dump(depth) Microservices friggin' procs class Proc end
118. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta def _dump(depth) serialize_block(&self) end Microservices friggin' procs class Proc end
119. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta def _dump(depth) serialize_block(&self) end Microservices friggin' procs class Proc end "{ |x| x + 1 }"
120. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta def _dump(depth) serialize_block(&self) end def self._load(a_proc_string) Microservices friggin' procs class Proc end "{ |x| x + 1 }"
121. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta def _dump(depth) serialize_block(&self) end def self._load(a_proc_string) Microservices friggin' procs class Proc end "{ |x| x + 1 }"
122. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta def _dump(depth) serialize_block(&self) end def self._load(a_proc_string) eval('proc ' + a_proc_string) end Microservices friggin' procs class Proc end "{ |x| x + 1 }"
123. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta def _dump(depth) serialize_block(&self) end def self._load(a_proc_string) eval('proc ' + a_proc_string) end Microservices friggin' procs class Proc end "{ |x| x + 1 }" eval "proc { |x| x + 1 }"
124. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 1. Find the source of a block
125. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 1. Find the source of a block some_proc = proc do |x| x + 1 end
126. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 1. Find the source of a block some_proc = proc do |x| x + 1 end some_proc.binding.source_location
127. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 1. Find the source of a block some_proc = proc do |x| x + 1 end some_proc.binding.source_location # ["some_filename.rb", 1]
128. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 1. Find the source of a block
129. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 1. Find the source of a block require 'method_source'
130. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 1. Find the source of a block require 'method_source' some_proc = proc do |x| x + 1 end
131. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 1. Find the source of a block require 'method_source' some_proc = proc do |x| x + 1 end puts some_proc.source # "some_proc = proc do |x| # x + 1 # end"
132. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 2. Parse out the actual block with SyntaxTree class BlockFinder < SyntaxTree::Visitor attr_reader :first_block visit_method def visit_do_block(node) @first_block ||= node end visit_method def visit_brace_block(node) @first_block ||= node end end def serialize_block(&block) source = block.source root = SyntaxTree.parse(source) visitor = BlockFinder.new visitor.visit(root) block_node = visitor.first_block formatter = SyntaxTree::Formatter.new(source, [], 80) formatter.instance_variable_set(:@stack, [proc {SyntaxTree::Program.new(statements: [], location: nil)}]) formatter.format(block_node) formatter.flush formatter.output.join end
133. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 2. Parse out the actual block with the SyntaxTree gem "some_proc = proc { |x| x + 1 }"
134. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 2. Parse out the actual block with the SyntaxTree gem = some_proc proc proc() {} |x| + x 1 "some_proc = proc { |x| x + 1 }"
135. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 2. Parse out the actual block with the SyntaxTree gem = some_proc proc proc() {} |x| + x 1 "some_proc = proc { |x| x + 1 }"
136. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 2. Parse out the actual block with the SyntaxTree gem = some_proc proc proc() {} |x| + x 1 "some_proc = proc { |x| x + 1 }"
137. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 2. Parse out the actual block with the SyntaxTree gem = some_proc proc proc() {} |x| + x 1 "some_proc = proc { |x| x + 1 }"
138. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 2. Parse out the actual block with the SyntaxTree gem = some_proc proc proc() {} |x| + x 1 "some_proc = proc { |x| x + 1 }"
139. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 2. Parse out the actual block with the SyntaxTree gem = some_proc proc proc() {} |x| + x 1 "some_proc = proc { |x| x + 1 }"
140. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 2. Parse out the actual block with the SyntaxTree gem = some_proc proc proc() {} |x| + x 1 "some_proc = proc { |x| x + 1 }"
141. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs 2. Parse out the actual block with the SyntaxTree gem = some_proc proc proc() {} |x| + x 1 "some_proc = proc { |x| x + 1 }" "{ |x| x + 1 }"
142. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs class Proc def _dump(depth) serialize_block(&self) end def self._load(a_proc_string) eval('proc ' + a_proc_string) end end
143. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs dumped = Marshal.dump(proc { |x| x + 1 }) class Proc def _dump(depth) serialize_block(&self) end def self._load(a_proc_string) eval('proc ' + a_proc_string) end end
144. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs dumped = Marshal.dump(proc { |x| x + 1 }) # "\x04\bIu:\tProc\x13 { |x| x + 1 }\x06:\x06ET" class Proc def _dump(depth) serialize_block(&self) end def self._load(a_proc_string) eval('proc ' + a_proc_string) end end
145. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs dumped = Marshal.dump(proc { |x| x + 1 }) # "\x04\bIu:\tProc\x13 { |x| x + 1 }\x06:\x06ET" reloaded_proc = Marshal.load(dumped) class Proc def _dump(depth) serialize_block(&self) end def self._load(a_proc_string) eval('proc ' + a_proc_string) end end
146. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs dumped = Marshal.dump(proc { |x| x + 1 }) # "\x04\bIu:\tProc\x13 { |x| x + 1 }\x06:\x06ET" reloaded_proc = Marshal.load(dumped) puts reloaded_proc[ 3 ] # prints 4! class Proc def _dump(depth) serialize_block(&self) end def self._load(a_proc_string) eval('proc ' + a_proc_string) end end
147. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs local.rb remote.rb arr = Array.new([1,2,3]) arr.each { |i| puts i }
148. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices friggin' procs local.rb remote.rb $ remote.rb remote: make_new 1 2 3 remote: each arr = Array.new([1,2,3]) arr.each { |i| puts i }
149. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst arr = [1,2,3] str = "foo" hash = {a: 1, b: 2}
150. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst class Array def self.new puts "new called" end end
151. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst class Array def self.new puts "new called" end end Array.new # "new called"
152. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst class Array def self.new puts "new called" end end Array.new # "new called" [1,2,3] # nothing
153. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst x = [1,2,3] x = Array.new([1,2,3])
154. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst DATA
155. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst DATA
156. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst puts "hi" puts DATA.read()
157. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst puts "hi" puts DATA.read() __END__
158. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst puts "hi" puts DATA.read() __END__ hello there, world, how are you?
159. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst puts "hi" puts DATA.read() __END__ hello there, world, how are you? # prints: "hello there, world, how are you?"
160. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst puts "hi" puts DATA.read() __END__ arr = [1,2,3]
161. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst puts "hi" eval(DATA.read()) __END__ arr = [1,2,3]
162. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst eval( DATA.read .gsub(/\[(.*)\]/, 'Array.new([\1])') ) __END__ arr = [1,2,3] # converts to Array.new([1,2,3])
163. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices literally the worst eval(DATA.read .gsub(/\[(.*)\]/, 'Array.new([\1])') .gsub(/{([^|]+:[^|]+)}/, 'Hash.new.merge!({\1})') .gsub(/"(.*)"/, 'String.new("\1")')) __END__ arr = [1,2,3] hash = {a: 1, b: 2} str = "whatever"
164. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture less distributed
165. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributes
166. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributes
167. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed def handler(event:, context:) x = event['x'] return x * 2 end
168. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed def handler(event:, context:) # ... end
169. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed def lambda_handler(event:, context:) DRb.start_service( "druby://localhost:5555", RemoteNewer.new ) DRb.thread.join end
170. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed def lambda_handler(event:, context:) DRb.start_service( "druby://localhost:5555", RemoteNewer.new ) DRb.thread.join end
171. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed def lambda_handler(event:, context:) DRb.start_service( "druby://localhost:5555", RemoteNewer.new ) DRb.thread.join end
172. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed local.rb remote.rb class Object # ... def self.remote_new(*args, **kwargs, &block) end end
173. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed local.rb remote.rb class Object # ... def self.remote_new(*args, **kwargs, &block) end end lambda_hostname = start_lambda()
174. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed local.rb remote.rb class Object # ... def self.remote_new(*args, **kwargs, &block) end end lambda_hostname = start_lambda() sleep 3
175. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed local.rb remote.rb class Object # ... def self.remote_new(*args, **kwargs, &block) end end lambda_hostname = start_lambda() sleep 3 uri = "druby://#{lambda_hostname}:5555"
176. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed local.rb remote.rb class Object # ... def self.remote_new(*args, **kwargs, &block) end end lambda_hostname = start_lambda() sleep 3 uri = "druby://#{lambda_hostname}:5555" remote_newer = DRbObject.new_with_uri(uri)
177. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed local.rb remote.rb class Object # ... def self.remote_new(*args, **kwargs, &block) end end lambda_hostname = start_lambda() sleep 3 uri = "druby://#{lambda_hostname}:5555" remote_newer = DRbObject.new_with_uri(uri) new_obj = remote_newer.make_new( self, *args, **kwargs, &block)
178. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed local.rb remote.rb class Object # ... def self.remote_new(*args, **kwargs, &block) end end lambda_hostname = start_lambda() sleep 3 uri = "druby://#{lambda_hostname}:5555" remote_newer = DRbObject.new_with_uri(uri) new_obj = remote_newer.make_new( self, *args, **kwargs, &block) new_obj.instance_variable_set(:@uri, uri)
179. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributed local.rb remote.rb class Object # ... def self.remote_new(*args, **kwargs, &block) end end lambda_hostname = start_lambda() sleep 3 uri = "druby://#{lambda_hostname}:5555" remote_newer = DRbObject.new_with_uri(uri) new_obj = remote_newer.make_new( self, *args, **kwargs, &block) new_obj.instance_variable_set(:@uri, uri) new_obj
180. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributes
181. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Peak Architecture more distributes
182. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object local.rb remote.rb class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
183. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object 1. Preprocess all literals with regexes into .new calls eval(DATA.read .gsub( /\[(.*)\]/, 'Array.new([\1])') .gsub( /{([^|]+:[^|]+)}/, 'Hash.new.merge!({\1})') .gsub( /"(.*)"/, 'String.new("\1")')) __END__ arr = [1,2,3] hash = {a: 1, b: 2} str = "whatever"
184. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object 1. Preprocess all literals with regexes into .new calls 2. Overide Object.new 3. Inspect the call stack to prevent stack over f lows class Object @@old_new = method(:new) def self.new(*args, **kwargs, &block) contains_recursion = caller .any? { _1 =~ /(drb\/drb)/ } if contains_recursion @@old_new.unbind .bind(self)[*args, **kwargs, &block] else $r.make_new(self, *args, **kwargs, &block) end end end
185. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object 1. Preprocess all literals with regexes into .new calls 2. Overide Object.new 3. Inspect the call stack to prevent stack over f lows 4. Use Druby to create remote proxy objects # local.rb uri = "druby://#{lambda_hostname}:5555" remote_newer = DRbObject.new_with_uri(uri) new_obj = remote_newer .make_new(self, *args, **kwargs, &block) # remote.rb DRb.start_service("druby://localhost:5555", RemoteRunner.new) DRb.thread.join
186. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object 1. Preprocess all literals with regexes into .new calls 2. Overide Object.new 3. Inspect the call stack to prevent stack over f lows 4. Use Druby to create remote proxy objects 5. Parse the AST from your own source to serialize procs class Proc def _dump(depth) serialize_block(&self) end def self._load(a_proc_string) eval('proc ' + a_proc_string) end end
187. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object 1. Preprocess all literals with regexes into .new calls 2. Overide Object.new 3. Inspect the call stack to prevent stack over f lows 4. Use Druby to create remote proxy objects 5. Parse the AST from your own source to serialize procs 6. Run the remote server in a lambda def lambda_handler(event:, context:) DRb.start_service( "druby://localhost:5555", RemoteRunner.new) DRb.thread.join end
188. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object 1. Preprocess all literals with regexes into .new calls 2. Overide Object.new 3. Inspect the call stack to prevent stack over f lows 4. Use Druby to create remote proxy objects 5. Parse the AST from your own source to serialize procs 6. Run the remote server in a lambda 7. MICROSERVICES! def lambda_handler(event:, context:) DRb.start_service( "druby://localhost:5555", RemoteRunner.new) DRb.thread.join end
189. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo local.rb remote.rb
190. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote local.rb remote.rb
191. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote local.rb remote.rb
192. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote local.rb remote.rb
193. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote local.rb remote.rb
194. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta # local.rb: arr = [1,2,3] str = "whatever" puts arr.map { |x| x * 2} str.each_char { |c| puts c }
195. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta $ time ruby local.rb > /dev/null 0.98s user 0.23s system 12% cpu 9.803 total # local.rb: arr = [1,2,3] str = "whatever" puts arr.map { |x| x * 2} str.each_char { |c| puts c }
196. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object
197. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object
198. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object
199. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta slower, more expensive, complex
200. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices! slower, more expensive, complex
201. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object Q&A class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
202. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object FAQ class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
203. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object Q: Should I use this in production? FAQ class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
204. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object Q: Should I use this in production? A: De f initely! FAQ class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
205. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object Q: Should I use this in production? A: De f initely! FAQ Q: What's a good use for druby for? class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
206. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object Q: Should I use this in production? A: De f initely! FAQ Q: What's a good use for druby for? A: Smaller, internal projects class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
207. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object Q: Where can I see this code in more detail? Q: Should I use this in production? A: De f initely! FAQ Q: What's a good use for druby for? A: Smaller, internal projects class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
208. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object Q: Where can I see this code in more detail? A: github.com/kkuchta/druby Q: Should I use this in production? A: De f initely! FAQ Q: What's a good use for druby for? A: Smaller, internal projects class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
209. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object Q: Who's responsible for this mess Q: Where can I see this code in more detail? A: github.com/kkuchta/druby Q: Should I use this in production? A: De f initely! FAQ Q: What's a good use for druby for? A: Smaller, internal projects class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
210. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object Q: Who's responsible for this mess A: Kevin Kuchta, @kkuchta, kevinkuchta.com Q: Where can I see this code in more detail? A: github.com/kkuchta/druby Q: Should I use this in production? A: De f initely! FAQ Q: What's a good use for druby for? A: Smaller, internal projects class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
211. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object Q: Who's responsible for this mess A: Kevin Kuchta, @kkuchta, kevinkuchta.com Q: Where can I see this code in more detail? A: github.com/kkuchta/druby Q: Should I use this in production? A: De f initely! Q: I have a real question FAQ Q: What's a good use for druby for? A: Smaller, internal projects class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
212. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object Q: Who's responsible for this mess A: Kevin Kuchta, @kkuchta, kevinkuchta.com Q: Where can I see this code in more detail? A: github.com/kkuchta/druby Q: Should I use this in production? A: De f initely! Q: I have a real question A: Right here! FAQ Q: What's a good use for druby for? A: Smaller, internal projects class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
213. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Microservices Every goddamn object Q: Who's responsible for this mess A: Kevin Kuchta, @kkuchta, kevinkuchta.com Q: Where can I see this code in more detail? A: github.com/kkuchta/druby Q: Should I use this in production? A: De f initely! Q: I have a real question A: Right here! Q: Who's paying you to do this nonsense FAQ Q: What's a good use for druby for? A: Smaller, internal projects class SomeClass def foo puts [1,2,3].map { puts "hi" } end end obj = SomeClass.new obj.foo Remote Remote Remote Remote
214. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta DaybreakHealth.com kevin@daybreakhealth.com https://daybreakhealth.applytojob.com/apply/
215. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Thank You DaybreakHealth.com kevin@daybreakhealth.com https://daybreakhealth.applytojob.com/apply/
216. @kkuchta@ruby.social / @kkuchta Credits - Poorly Drawn Lines comic - https://poorlydrawnlines.com/comic/an-idea/ - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/