【潔能講堂】國際氫能現況與氫氣製造 / 陳維新教授

Transcript

1. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Wei-Hsin Chen (陳維新) Green Energy & Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan November 18, 2022 國際氫能現況與氫的生產
2. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Climate, Sustainability & Net Zero Hydrogen Energy Development Hydrogen Patent Outlook Conclusions Outline 2
3. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Climate, Sustainability & Net Zero
4. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) GISTEMP Climate Spiral (1880-2021) 4 https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4975
5. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Fossil Fuels 5
6. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) CO2 Emissions 6 https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions 6 billion 37 billion 9.5 million
7. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 7 Global CO2 and CH4 Emissions Nature Reviews Earth & Environment volume 3, pages217–219 (2022)
8. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 1992 1994 1995 1997 2014 2015 2020 2022 Earth Summit 1995 COP1 Re100 Kyoto Protocol (COP 3) 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Paris Agreement (COP21) COP27 Egypt Net Zero Atmospheric CO2 increases since the Industrial Revolution 8 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) Environmental Sustainability
9. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 9 Keep Pillars of Decarbonization 3% 82 % 15% 2030 4% 50 % 46% 2050 100% 0% Maturity technology Developed technology Electrification Hydrogen Ammonia CCUS, Bioenergy Renewable energy Energy efficiency Behavioral change People Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector (IEA, 2021)
10. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 10 Taiwan Net Zero Roadmap
11. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Hydrogen Energy Development
12. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Fuel for Decarbonization 12 International Journal of Energy Research, 44:6093-6097;2020 Decarbonization Carbon economy Hydrogen economy
13. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Global Demand for Hydrogen 13 World Energy Outlook, IEA, 2021
14. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 14 Net Zero & Energy No. of papers: 3608 (2015-2022) 1. Technology 2. Building 3. Effect 4. Cost 5. Potential 6. Development 7. Efficiency 8. Renewable energy 9. Performance 10. Hydrogen 11. Fuel
15. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 15 Applied Energy 1. Performance 2. Algorithm 3. Framework 4. Effect 5. Effectiveness 6. Impact 7. Emission 8. Battery 9. Hydrogen 10.Transition 11.Feature No. of papers: 1639 (2022)
16. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 16 Energy Conversion and Management 1. System 2. Efficiency 3. Condition 4. Cost 5. Process 6. Emission 7. Electricity 8. Production 9. Simulation 10.Hydrogen 11.Development No. of papers: 1148 (2022)
17. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) IJHE Impact Factor 17
18. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 18 1. Performance 2. Nanoparticles 3. Water 4. Nanosheets 5. H2 production 6. H2 storage 7. Optimization 8. H evolution reaction 9. Electrocatalyst 10.Design 11.O evolution reaction 12.Combustion No. of papers: 2396 (2022) International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
19. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Integrated photovoltaic / hydrogen power plants Hydrogen fuel cell ship Electric-hydrogen train The electric UAV is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell and solar panels on the wings H2 fuel cell car & LH2 ship Hydrogen FC sailing catamaran China’s first certificate of type approval for a marine fuel cell product. Green hydrogen electrolyzers 19 Global H2 Energy Heavy-duty locomotives 1 MW FC for a haul truck Hydrogen trucks and buses Ursa Major Technologies liquid H2 propulsion systems Volvo fuel cell trucks
20. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 20 https://technews.tw/20 22/09/29/thyssenkrupp -green-steel/
21. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 21 Hydrogen in Iron & Steel • ArcelorMittal in Luxembourg The world's largest production location • Baowu in China Currently the only large-scale hydrogen energy steelmaking demonstration company. • NIPPON STEEL in Japan SUPERCOURSE50 Hydrogen Steel Demonstration Site • POSCO in Korea Commercially produced DRI using 25% hydrogen and 75% carbon monoxide
22. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 22 Iron & Steel Industry Blast furnace (BF) Basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF)
23. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 23 Iron & Steel Industry Electric-Arc-Furnace (EAF)
24. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 24 Hydrogen Direct Reduction (HDR) From: Steel, N., Nippon Steel Carbon Neutral Vision 2050, A.C.o.Z.-C. Steel, Editor. 2021, Nippon Steel Corporation: Japan. Fig. 1. Reduction mechanism between fossil fuel and hydrogen [15].
25. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Hydrogen Production
26. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 26 CO2 Free Near CO2 Free H2 Green Electrolysis H2 Turquoise Renewable energy Methane & renewables Nuclear Electrolysis H2 Pink (Yellow) Natural Gas/ hydrocarbons H2 Gray H2 Blue Coal H2 Brown Steam methane reformer Carbon sequestration Hydrogen Color
27. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Photoelectrochemical Alkaline water electrolysis, AWE Proton exchange membrane electrolysis, PEME Solid oxide electrolysis, SOE Hydrogen Production Route & Color Biological Dark-fermentation Photo-fermentation Electrochemical AWE PEME SOE Green Hydrogen Pink Hydrogen Nuclear energy Renewable energy Steam reforming Partial oxidation Autothermal reforming Thermal decomposition Gasification & pyrolysis w/o CCUS with CCUS Brown/Grey Hydrogen Blue Hydrogen Turquoise Hydrogen Solid carbon Thermochemical 27
28. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Life Cycle CO2 Emissions of H2 Production 28 International Journal of Energy Research, 44:6093-6097;2020
29. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 29 Hydrogen Production This image is adapted from the results presented in the Hydrogen for Europe pre-study. For details on the underlying assumptions and data used please refer to the full report. https://blog.sintef.com/sintefenergy/gas-technology/hydrogen-the-future-is-green-but-the-path-there-is-multicoloured/
30. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 30 Hydrogen Carrier Methanol Ethanol Ammonia
31. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 31 Ammonia Economy 'A roadmap to the ammonia economy'. Douglas Macfarlane. Joule, 2020.
32. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 32 Keywords: Hydrogen production Results: 1,571,240 Patents BASF (23.5%) Bayer (19.0%) Sanofi (17.6%) Dow Inc. (14.9%) Unassigned (24.9%) 2016: 61840 Patents 2010: 48205 Patents 2000: 34225 Patents 1927: 431 Patents
33. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 33 China, Mainland 2022: 630 Patents 2020: 6415 Patents 2016: 9915 Patents 1991: 182 Patents 2010: 4682 Patents Unassigned (27.7%) BASF (6.3%) Chinese Academy of Sciences (19.2%) Dow Inc. (4.9%) China Petrochemical Corporation (41.9%)
34. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 34 Japan 2021: 132 Patents 2012: 2693 Patents 2006: 2581 Patents 1973: 73 Patents 1990: 1729 Patents Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited (19.0%) Mitsui Chemicals Inc. (18.2%) Fujifilm Holdings Corp (18.4%) Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.. (23.4%) Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corp. (20.9%)
35. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 35 United States 2014: 3986 Patents 2002: 3485 Patents 1980: 1882 Patents 1930: 20 Patents 1962: 400 Patents 2021: 341 Patents BASF (20.3%) Pfizer Inc. (14.9%) Bayer (18.3%) Exxon Mobil Corporation (23.7%) Dow, Inc. (22.8%)
36. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 36 Taiwan 2021: 570 Patents 2019: 895 Patents 2012: 1041 Patents 2001: 6 Patents 2008: 1144 Patents Taiwan Fujifilm Holdings Corp (17.6%) Nissan Chemical Corporation (15.5%) Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited (17.1%) Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (24.1%) Dow, Inc. (25.7%)
37. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Outlook
38. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 38 Global Hydrogen Review 2022 https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org/sites/default/files/pdf-actualites/GlobalHydrogenReview2022.pdf p. 92 Hydrogen Production Cost
39. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 39 https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/02/clean-hydrogen-energy-low-carbon-superpowers/
40. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Hydrogen Project in EU 40 383 projects for hydrogen production in 39 EU countries
41. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Hydrogen Production Potential 41 https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2021/01/geographic- hydrogen-hotspots.html
42. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 42 Hydrogen Earthshots program, with “111 goal” to cut the cost of clean hydrogen to $1 per 1 kilogram in 1 decade. U.S. Earth Shots
43. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Supply Chain in Taiwan (Upstream) (Raw materials) Ø Bipolar plate Ø Carbon cloth/paper Ø Catalyst Ø Reformer Downstream (System applications) Ø Fixed type Ø Transport type Ø Portable type Merchandise Ø Hydrogen storage alloy Ø Purification and recovery Ø Methanol supply Ø System peripheral components Ø Hydrogen production Ø Hydrogen storage and transportation Ø Ammonia supply Ø Inspection & Testing (Verification Equipment) 43
44. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 44 TOYOTA ALTIS 平均油耗 (15.6 km/L) 油箱(43 L) 續航力(670 km) 平均每公里1.96塊台幣 (TWD/km) TOYOTAALTIS (Hybrid) 平均油耗(25.2 km/L) 油箱(43L) 續航力(1083 km) 平均每公里1.21塊台幣(TWD/km) TOYOTA Mirai 平均氫耗(131.5 km/kg) 氫氣箱(5 kg) 續航力(658 km) 平均每公里0.45-0.61塊台幣(TWD/km) 台灣95無鉛汽油價格 每公升30.5台幣 台灣氫氣價格 每公斤60-80台幣 Gas, Hybrid and FC Cars
45. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) Conclusions Time Level Alstom Fuel cell vehicle Hydrogen fueling station 45
46. Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory (GENFUEL) 46 Green Energy and Fuel Laboratory Make Green Come True! Thank you for your attention