4 orquestadores de Docker en 40 minutos

4 orquestadores
de Docker en 40
minutos
by @lekum
MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Alejandro Guirao

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
¿Por qué necesita Docker un
orquestador?
- Mantener el estado de un cluster
- Networking entre hosts
- Load balancing
- Service Discovery
- Rolling updates
- ...

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Hoy veremos...
- Docker Swarm (1.12)
- Kubernetes (1.4)
- DC/OS (1.8)
- Nomad (0.5)

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
DOCKER SWARM

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
FUNCIONALIDAD

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Funcionalidad
- Gestión de un cluster de Dockerhosts
- Abstracción de servicio en el cluster
- Networking multi-host (red de overlay)
- Service discovery
- Load balancing entre nodos
- Rolling updates

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
ARQUITECTURA

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Cluster

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Servicios

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
¿Cómo se crea un servicio?

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
CÓMO SE INSTALA

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
El modo Swarm de Docker
$ docker swarm init --advertise-addr 192.168.99.121
Swarm initialized: current node (bvz81updecsj6wjz393c09vti) is now a manager.
To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:
docker swarm join \
--token 1awxwuwd3z9j1z3puu7rcgdbx \
172.17.0.2:2377
To add a manager to this swarm, run 'docker swarm join-token manager' and follow the
instructions.

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Gestión del cluster
$ docker node COMMAND
Commands:
demote Demote one or more nodes from manager in the swarm
inspect Display detailed information on one or more nodes
ls List nodes in the swarm
promote Promote one or more nodes to manager in the swarm
rm Remove one or more nodes from the swarm
ps List tasks running on a node
update Update a node

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
CÓMO SE
DESPLIEGAN
APLICACIONES

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Comando docker service
$ docker service create \
--name my_web \
--replicas 4 \
--constraint 'node.labels.type == web' \
--mount type=bind,src=/data/www,dst=/opt/nginx/html \
--publish 80:80 \
--update-parallelism 2 \
nginx

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
- En 1.12 es funcionalidad experimental
- Se pueden generar a partir de un
docker-compose.yml
- $docker-compose bundle
Docker Application Bundles (DAB)

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Docker Application Bundles (DAB)
{
"Services": {
"db": {
"Image": "[email protected]:d6b51879ca8558c68c...",
"Networks": ["default"]
},
"vote": {
"Args": [ "python", "app.py" ],
"Image": "lachlanevenson/[email protected]:c5cd487ae93..”,
"Networks": [ "default" ],
"Ports": [ { "Port": 80, "Protocol": "tcp" } ]
}
},
"Version": "0.1"
}

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Despligue de DABs
$ docker stack COMMAND
Manage Docker stacks
Commands:
config Print the stack configuration
deploy Create and update a stack from a Distributed Application Bundle (DAB)
rm Remove the stack
ps List the tasks in the stack

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Despligue de DABs
docker-compose bundle
docker stack deploy voting
docker service scale voting_worker=3
docker service update --publish-add 5000:80 voting_vote
docker service update --publish-add 5001:80 voting_result

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
KUBERNETES

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
FUNCIONALIDAD

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Funcionalidad
- Aporta abstracciones adicionales
- Gestión de replicación de las aplicaciones
- Service discovery y load balancing
- Rolling updates
- Distribución de secretos
- Montaje de volúmenes

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Funcionalidad
- Monitorización de recursos
- Autoescalado horizontal
- Networking mediante add-ons
- Identificación y autorización
- Gestión de logs de containers

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
ARQUITECTURA

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Pods

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Nodos

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Cluster y deployments

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Servicios

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
CÓMO SE INSTALA

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Entorno local: minikube
$ minikube start
Starting local Kubernetes cluster...
Running pre-create checks...
Creating machine...
Starting local Kubernetes cluster…
$ minikube dashboard

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Instalador automatizado: kubeadm
$ kubeadm init
generated token: "f0c861.753c505740ecde4c"
[...]
Kubernetes master initialised successfully! You can connect any number of nodes by
running:
kubeadm join --token
$ kubectl apply -f

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Otras formas de instalación
- En AWS: kops
- Resto de instalaciones: script de kube-up.sh
- Script para generar un cluster con valores por
defecto:
export KUBERNETES_PROVIDER=YOUR_PROVIDER;
curl -sS https://get.k8s.io | bash

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
CÓMO SE
DESPLIEGAN
APLICACIONES

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
La navaja suiza: kubectl
$ kubectl run kubernetes-bootcamp --image=docker.io/jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
--port=8080
$ kubectl expose deployment/kubernetes-bootcamp --type="NodePort" --port 8080

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Definición de un deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: my-nginx
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
run: my-nginx
spec:
volumes:
- name: apps
emptyDir: {}
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.9.0
ports:
- containerPort: 80
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
name: apps

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Definición de un servicio
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-nginx
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 8080
targetPort: 80
protocol: TCP
name: http
selector:
run: my-nginx

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Operaciones con kubectl
$ kubectl apply -f deployment.yml -f service.yml
$ kubectl get deployments
$ kubectl describe service my-nginx
$ kubectl rollout status deployment/my-nginx
$ kubectl set image deployment/my-nginx nginx=nginx:1.9.1
$ kubectl rollout history deployment/my-nginx --revision=1
$ kubectl rollout undo deployment/my-nginx --to-revision=1

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Aplicaciones especiales
- DaemonSets
- Jobs y Scheduled Jobs
- PetSets

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
DC/OS

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
FUNCIONALIDAD

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Funcionalidad de DC/OS
- Scheduling de dos niveles
- Multiples workloads en el mismo hardware
- Gestión de aislamiento de recursos
- Gestión del almacenamiento
- Repositorios de paquetes
- Alta disponibilidad
- Service discovery y load balancing

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Funcionalidad de Marathon
- Soporta Docker y Mesos Containers
- Graphical User Interface
- REST API
- Zero downtime upgrades

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Funcionalidad de Marathon
- Constraints
- Health Checks
- Subscripción a eventos
- Métricas

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
ARQUITECTURA

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
CÓMO SE INSTALA

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Instalación manual
$ mkdir -p genconf
Crear un genconf/ip-detect script
Generar un genconf/config.yaml
$ cp genconf/ssh_key && chmod 0600 genconf/ssh_key
$ curl -O https://downloads.dcos.io/dcos/stable/dcos_generate_config.sh
$ sudo bash dcos_generate_config.sh --genconf
$ sudo bash dcos_generate_config.sh --install-prereqs
$ sudo bash dcos_generate_config.sh --preflight
$ sudo bash dcos_generate_config.sh --deploy
$ sudo bash dcos_generate_config.sh --postflight
Monitorizar la convergencia de Zookeeper en Exhibitor http://:8181/exhibitor/v1/ui/index.html
Hacer login en http:///

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
config.yaml
agent_list:
-
-
bootstrap_url: file:///opt/dcos_install_tmp
cluster_name:
exhibitor_storage_backend: static
master_discovery: static
master_list:
-
-
-
public_agent_list:
-
resolvers:
- 8.8.4.4
- 8.8.8.8
ssh_port: 22
ssh_user:

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Otras instalaciones
- Local: Vagrant
- AWS: CloudFormation
- Azure: Marketplace
- GCE: Scripts
- DigitalOcean, Packet: Terraform templates

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Instalación de Marathon
(marathon user)
$ dcos auth login
$ dcos package install marathon

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
CÓMO SE
DESPLIEGAN
APLICACIONES

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
GUI

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
basic-3.json
{
"id": "basic-3",
"cmd": "python3 -m http.server 8080",
"cpus": 0.5,
"mem": 32.0,
"container": {
"type": "DOCKER",
"docker": {
"image": "python:3",
"network": "BRIDGE",
"portMappings": [
{ "containerPort": 8080, "hostPort": 0 }
]
}
}
}

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
CLI
$ dcos marathon app add basic-3.json
$ dcos marathon app update /basic-3 instances=2
$ dcos marathon deployment list /basic-3
$ dcos marathon deployment rollback

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Load Balancing
"labels":{
"HAPROXY_DEPLOYMENT_GROUP":"dcos-website",
"HAPROXY_DEPLOYMENT_ALT_PORT":"10005",
"HAPROXY_GROUP":"external",
"HAPROXY_0_REDIRECT_TO_HTTPS":"true",
"HAPROXY_0_VHOST": ""
}

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Service Discovery
app1.marathon.mesos
app2.marathon.mesos
...

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
NOMAD

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
FUNCIONALIDAD

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Funcionalidad
- Drivers: Docker, fork/exec, Java, LXC, Qemu, Rkt…
- Único binario en versiones para todos los OS
- Multi-datacenter y multi-región
- Altamente escalable
- Scheduler optimísticamente concurrente

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Integración con productos Hashicorp
- Cónsul
- Service discovery
- Healthchecks
- Registro de nodos en el cluster
- Templating
- Vault
- Gestión de secretos

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
ARQUITECTURA

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Región

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Federación de regiones

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Conceptos

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
CÓMO SE INSTALA

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Instalación automática: con Cónsul
# /etc/nomad.d/server.hcl
server {
enabled = true
bootstrap_expect = 3
}
$ nomad agent \
-config=/etc/nomad.d/server.hcl
# /etc/nomad.d/client.hcl
datacenter = "dc1"
client {
enabled = true
}
$ nomad agent \
-config=/etc/nomad.d/client.hcl

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Instalación manual
$ nomad server-join
# /etc/nomad.d/client.hcl
datacenter = "dc1"
client {
enabled = true
servers = [":4647"]
}

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
CÓMO SE
DESPLIEGAN
APLICACIONES

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Job (driver “exec”)
job "echo" {
datacenters = ["dc1"]
group "echo-group" {
task "server" {
driver = "exec"
config {
command = "/bin/http-echo"
args = ["-listen", ":${NOMAD_PORT_http}","-text", "hello world"]
}
resources {
cpu = 100
memory = 15
network {
mbits = 10
port "http" {}
}
}
}
}
}

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Job (driver “docker”)
[...]
task "cache" {
driver = "docker"
config {
image = "redis:latest"
port_map {
db = 6379
}
}
service {
name = "${TASKGROUP}-redis"
tags = ["global", "cache"]
port = "db"
check {
name = "alive"
type = "tcp"
interval = "10s"
timeout = "2s"
}
}
}

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Ejecutar un job
$ nomad run echo.nomad
==> Monitoring evaluation "1cb1720e"
Evaluation triggered by job "echo"
Allocation "c7f66ffe" created: node "15cfa6e3", group "example"
Evaluation status changed: "pending" -> "complete"
==> Evaluation "1cb1720e" finished with status "complete"
$ nomad status echo
ID = echo
[...]
Summary
Task Group Queued Starting Running Failed Complete Lost
example 0 0 1 0 0 0
Allocations
ID Eval ID Node ID Task Group Desired Status Created At
c7f66ffe 1cb1720e 15cfa6e3 example run running 11/12/16 21:35:48 UTC

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Updates
$ nomad plan echo.nomad
+/- Job: "echo"
+/- Task Group: "example" (1 create/destroy update)
+/- Task: "server" (forces create/destroy update)
+/- Config {
args[0]: "-listen"
args[1]: ":${NOMAD_PORT_http}"
args[2]: "-text"
+/- args[3]: "hello world" => "goodbye world"
command: "/bin/http-echo"
}
Scheduler dry-run:
- All tasks successfully allocated.
Job Modify Index: 532
To submit the job with version verification run:
nomad run -check-index 532 echo.nomad

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
(MI) COMPARATIVA

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Facilidad de instalación

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Batteries included

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Complejidad

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Madurez / Fiabilidad

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Docker Swarm
- Mayor facilidad de transición
- Plug and play para muchos casos de uso
- 100% compatible con Docker
- Parte experimental del DAB
- Sólo soporta Docker

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Kubernetes
- Excelentes funcionalidades y abstracciones para
containers
- Ritmo imparable
- Curva de aprendizaje pronunciada
- Sólo vale para Docker y Rkt

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
DC/OS
- Arquitectura de schedulers muy potente
- Excelente para otro tipo de tareas distintas de
containers
- Curva de aprendizaje muy pronunciada
- Docker no es su prioridad

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Nomad
- Liviano y sencillo
- Arquitectura robusta, escalable
- Impresionante soporte multi-plataforma y
multi-driver
- Sólo es responsable de una funcionalidad
- Le falta rodaje

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Happy hacking!
Alejandro Guirao
@lekum
lekum.org
github.com/lekum
http://www.intelygenz.es/unete-a-intelygenz/

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MADRID · NOV 18-19 · 2016
Despliegues en producción
- Swarm: Bugsnag, Flugel.it, Runnable
- Kubernetes: GKE, HP Helion, Red Hat Openshift,
eBay
- DC/OS: Autodesk, ESRI, Time Warner Cable, Verizon,
Bloomberg, Azure Container service
- (Mesos): Twitter, Uber, PayPal
- Nomad: Citadel

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4 orquestadores de Docker en 40 minutos

4 orquestadores de Docker en 40 minutos

Alejandro Guirao Rodríguez

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