イーサリアムのデータ構造

イーサリアムのデータ構造を「状態」の観点から掘り下げます
- Merkle Patricia Trie
- RLP Encoding
- State Trie / Storage Trieを実際に見てみる

Transcript

1. ΠʔαϦΞϜͷσʔλߏ଄ !NPPOUZTBM
   CMPDLDIBJOUPLZP
   
2. 1SPpMF
   
   !NPPOUZTBM 4PGUXBSF
   &OHJOFFS
   !
   (VOPTZ -PWF
   
   (P
   
   5ZQF4DSJQU
   
   4XJGU
   
   $SZTUBM
   
   ,PUMJO
   )PCCZ
   όοΫΧϯτϦʔ
   
   ܢྲྀ௼Γ
   
   ࢁ
3. Ϟνϕʔγϣϯ
   ΠʔαϦΞϜͷʮঢ়ଶʯͷ΋ͪํΛ۷ΓԼ͛ͯσʔλߏ଄Λཧղ͢Δ  &UIFSFVN
   
   ঢ়ଶػցͳͷ͔ͩΒঢ়ଶͷ·ΘΓΛ۷͍͚ͬͯ͹ཧղ͕ਂ·ΔͷͰ͸  Ͳͷঢ়ଶΛʮͲ͜ʹʯͲͷΑ͏ͳϑΥʔϚοτͰ͍࣋ͬͯΔ͔  ͲͷΑ͏ͳΞϧΰϦζϜ͕ར༻͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔  ͋ΘΑ͘͹.FSLMF
   1SPPGΛࣗ෼Ͱܭࢉ͍ͯ͘͠ͱཧղͰ͖ΔͷͰ͸ʁ  CJUDPJOΛཧղ͢Δͱ͖ʹ৭ʑखܭࢉͨ͠Β͸͔ͲͬͨͷͰ ݪମݧʣ
4. ঢ়ଶػցͱͯ͠ͷΠʔαϦΞϜ  ͋Δ࣌఺Uͷঢ়ଶ
   М U ͔Βɺ࣍ͷঢ়ଶМ U  ΁ɺτϥϯβΫγϣϯʹΑͬͯભҠ͢Δ Ethereum, taken as a whole, can be viewed as a transaction-based state machine [Ethereum Yellow Paper]
5. ঢ়ଶػցͱͯ͠ͷΠʔαϦΞϜ
   
   ϒϩοΫੜ੒ʹΑΔঢ়ଶભҠͷੵΈॏͶ  τϥϯβΫγϣϯ͸ରԠ͢ΔݸʑͷΞΧ΢ϯτͷঢ়ଶΛมԽͤ͞Δ
    ωοτϫʔΫ͸τϥϯβΫγϣϯΛूΊɺঝೝͯ͠ϒϩοΫΛੜ੒͢Δ Ethereum, taken as a whole, can be viewed as a transaction-based state machine [Ethereum Yellow Paper] ʜʜʜ ʜʜʜ ʜʜʜ ʜʜʜ ʜʜʜ ʜʜʜ ʜʜʜ ʜʜʜ ʜʜʜ ʜʜʜ ʜʜʜ ʜʜʜ
6. The world state (state), is a mapping between addresses (160-bit identifiers) and account states (a data structure serialised as RLP,..) [Ethereum Yellow Paper Chapter 4] XPSME
   TUBUF͸ΞυϨεͱঢ়ଶͷϚοϐϯάͰද͞ΕΔ  ΞυϨε͕Ωʔ
   
    ঢ়ଶ͕஋
    3-1Τϯίʔυ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
    ࢒ߴ
   
    /PODF
    $PEFIBTI
    4UBUF3PPU Y%%"&#G&#$$#'EBD% YCEDCCDEECD YFDEFDBEFGBDFG     )"4) 4UPSBHF
   5SJF
   3PPU  )"4) lz <
   
   )"4) ʜ
   
   )"4) lz
   > YGEʜʜCCGBEEB
7. Though not stored on the blockchain, it is assumed that the implementation will maintain this mapping in a modified Merkle Patricia tree [Ethereum Yellow Paper Chapter 4] Ϛοϐϯά͸ϚʔΫϧύτϦγΞ໦ͱͯ͠อଘ͞ΕΔ  LFZWBMVFͰঢ়ଶΛอଘ͢ΔͨΊͷσʔλߏ଄
    ޮ཰తͳΩʔ୳ࡧ
    CJUDPJOͰ΋͓ͳ͡ΈͷϚʔΫϧπϦʔ
    .FSLMF
   5SFF
   
   .FSLMF
   1SPPG %& %&" '$    YCB Y'' Y$$ <
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   "
   #
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   %
   &
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   > %& <
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   "
   #
   $
   %
   &
   '
   > YCB Y'' Y$$ $ 3PPU
8. Though not stored on the blockchain, it is assumed that the implementation will maintain this mapping in a modified Merkle Patricia tree [Ethereum Yellow Paper Chapter 4] Ϛοϐϯά͸ϚʔΫϧύτϦγΞ໦ͱͯ͠อଘ͞ΕΔ  LFZWBMVFͰঢ়ଶΛอଘ͢ΔͨΊͷσʔλߏ଄
    ޮ཰తͳΩʔ୳ࡧ
    CJUDPJOͰ΋͓ͳ͡ΈͷϚʔΫϧπϦʔ
    .FSLMF
   5SFF
   
   .FSLMF
   1SPPG
   W
   W
   W
   W
   I W
   I W
   I W
   I W I I W
   
   I W I I W
   
   I W I ʜ /
   W
   W
   W
   I W
   I W
   I W I O I I O
   
   I W I I W
   
   I W I ʜ @OFX ϦʔϑϊʔυͷϋογϡΛ఻೻ͤࠜ͞ϊʔυͷϋογϡΛ࡞Δ 
   ༿ͷ஋Λมߋ͢Δͱࠜϊʔυͷϋογϡ͕มΘΔ
   
   ໦શମΛ஌Βͳͯ͘΋༿ͷ஋ͷଘࡏΛ͔֬ΊΒΕΔ
9. Though not stored on the blockchain, it is assumed that the implementation will maintain this mapping in a modified Merkle Patricia tree [Ethereum Yellow Paper Chapter 4] Ϛοϐϯά͸ϚʔΫϧύτϦγΞ໦ͱͯ͠อଘ͞ΕΔ  LFZWBMVFͰঢ়ଶΛอଘ͢ΔͨΊͷσʔλߏ଄
    ޮ཰తͳΩʔ୳ࡧ
    CJUDPJOͰ΋͓ͳ͡ΈͷϚʔΫϧπϦʔ
    .FSLMF
   5SFF
   
   .FSLMF
   1SPPG
   W
   W
   W
   W
   I W
   I W
   I W
   I W I I W
   
   I W I I W
   
   I W I ʜ /
   W
   W
   W
   I W
   I W
   I W I O I I O
   
   I W I I W
   
   I W I ʜ @OFX ϦʔϑϊʔυͷϋογϡΛ఻೻ͤࠜ͞ϊʔυͷϋογϡΛ࡞Δ 
   ༿ͷ஋Λมߋ͢Δͱࠜϊʔυͷϋογϡ͕มΘΔ
   
   ໦શମΛ஌Βͳͯ͘΋༿ͷ஋ͷଘࡏΛ͔֬ΊΒΕΔ
10. ΠʔαϦΞϜͷXPSMETUBUFͷભҠશମ૾
    ϒϩοΫϔομ !)FBEFS 4UBUF
    5SJF 5SBOTBDUJPO
    5SJF 3FDFJQUT
    5SJF 4USPSBHF
    5SJF
11. ΠʔαϦΞϜͷXPSMETUBUFͷભҠશମ૾
    4UBUFͱ4UPSBHF 4UBUF
    5SJF "DDPVOU
    4UPSBHF
    PVU
    PG
    &7. ,FZ LFZ CJU
    
    
    WBMVF CJU ,FZ ,FZ    7BMVF 7BMVF 7BMVF ,FZ LFZ CJU
    
    
    WBMVF CJU ,FZ ,FZ    7BMVF 7BMVF 7BMVF ,FZ LFZ CJU
    
    
    WBMVF CJU ,FZ ,FZ    7BMVF 7BMVF 7BMVF )BTI ʜ
12. ΠʔαϦΞϜͷσʔλߏ଄ͷཁॴ  .FSLMF
    1BUSJDJB
    5SFF
     )1
    &ODPEJOH
     3-1
    &ODPEJOH
     σʔλछผ͝ͱʹ໦͕͋Δ
     ֊૚ߏ଄͕͋Δ Y%%"&#G&#$$#'EBD% YCEDCCDEECD    )"4) 4UPSBHF
    5SJF
    3PPU  )"4) lz <
    
    )"4) ʜ
    
    )"4) lz
    > *NQMFNFOUFE
    JO
    "
    1BUSJDJB
    5SJF
13. 1BUSJDJB
    5SJF
    5SJF
    τϥΠ໦ʣ  3FUSJFWBM
    ૝ىʣ͕ޠݯ  lEPHz
     lEPHFz
     lEPOF
     lDBUz
     lDBQz  จࣈྻݕࡧʹద͍ͯ͠Δ
     จࣈྻ௕NɺσʔλαΠζ/ʹର͠
     0 N
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    WT
    ೋ෼୳ࡧ໦
    0 MPH/ จࣈྻू߹ τϥΠ໦Ͱͷදݱ  ͭͷϊʔυ͸֤จࣈΛද͢
     ϊʔυ͸֤จࣈͷ෼͚ͩࢠϊʔυ΁ͷϙΠϯλΛ࣋ͭ
     ࢠϊʔυ͕ͳ͍৔߹͸/6--΁ͷϙΠϯλΛ࣋ͭ  ಛ௃ 
    ϝϞϦ࢖༻ྔ͕ଟ͍
    Lจࣈ࢖༻͢Δͱͯ͠ ʙ Ωʔͷ௕͕͞ҰఆͳΒ͹0 
    E
    D P H F O F B U Q Lจࣈ࢖༻͢Δͱ͖
    N
    
    MPH@L
    /
    
    ୯७ൺֱͰ͖ͳ͍
14. 5SJF͔Β1BUSJDJB
    5SJF΁  5SJFͷϝϞϦফඅྔͷ໰୊ʹରॲ
     ࢠϊʔυ͕͔ͭ͠ͳ͍ϊʔυΛࢠͱϚʔδ
     1SBDUJDBM
    "MHPSJUIN
    UP
    3FUSJFWF
    *OGPSNBUJPO
    $PEFE
    JO
    "MQIBOVNFSJD
    Β͍͠
     σʔλͷૢ࡞ίετͳͲ͸τϥΠ໦ͱಉ͡Φʔμ E
    D P H F O F B U Q EP DB H F O F U Q EP DB HF OF U Q τϥΠ໦ ύτϦγΞ໦
15. &UIFSFVNʹ͓͚ΔA.PEJpFEA
    .FSLMF
    1BUSJDJB
    5SJF
     छྨͷϊʔυ EP DB HF OF U Q ύτϦγΞ໦ EP DB HF OF U Q ʹ CSBODI FYUFOTJPO MFBG  /6--
     -FBG
     &YUFOTJPO
     #SBODI
16. &UIFSFVNʹ͓͚ΔA.PEJpFEA
    .FSLMF
    1BUSJDJB
    5SJF
     छྨͷϊʔυ  /6--
     -FBG
     &YUFOTJPO
     #SBODI
17. &UIFSFVNʹ͓͚ΔA.PEJpFEA
    .FSLMF
    1BUSJDJB
    5SJF
     छྨͷϊʔυ  /6--
     -FBG
     ຤୺ͷϊʔυ஋Λ࣋ͭ
     &YUFOTJPO
     #SBODI
18. &UIFSFVNʹ͓͚ΔA.PEJpFEA
    .FSLMF
    1BUSJDJB
    5SJF
     छྨͷϊʔυ  /6--
     -FBG
     &YUFOTJPO
     ࢠΛ͔ͭ࣋ͨ͠ͳ͍ϊʔυͷ·ͱ·Γ
     #SBODI
19. &UIFSFVNʹ͓͚ΔA.PEJpFEA
    .FSLMF
    1BUSJDJB
    5SJF
     छྨͷϊʔυ  /6--
     -FBG
     &YUFOTJPO
     #SBODI
     ࢬ෼͔Ε
20. 4USPSBHFʹอଘ͞Ε͍ͯΔঢ়ଶΛΛ֞ؒݟΔ  MFWFM%#͔ΒҾͬ͜ൈ͍ͯ΋͍͍͕݁ߏେมͦ͏ʢͩͬͨʣ
     ΋ͪΖΜXFCͷHFU4UPSBHF"U YYY Λ࢖ͬͯ΋͍͍ͷ͕ͩʜʢνϣοτνΨ΢ʣ
     (FUI
    ͷEVNQίϚϯυΛ࢖͏  EBUBEJSΛࢦఆͯ͠ୟ͘
21. LFZʹର͢ΔWBMVFͷγϦΞϥΠζํࣜ
    
    3-1
    &ODPEJOH The purpose of RLP is to encode arbitrarily nested arrays of binary data, and RLP is the main encoding method used to serialize objects in Ethereum. [Ethereum Wiki]  ܕΛѻΘͳ͍γϯϓϧͳγϦΞϥΠζख๏
     Ϧετߏ଄ΛऔΓѻ͑Δ
     LFZWBMVFͷϚοϓ͸αϙʔτ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍
     ఆٛ
     ΤϯίʔυͰ͖Δ΋ͷ
    ΞΠςϜ
     จࣈྻ͸ΞΠςϜ
     ΞΠςϜͷϦετ͸ΞΠςϜ
    
    
    
    
    
    
    όΠτྻΛѻ͏ lEPHz <lEPHz
    lXPMGz> < > <lEPHz
    lXPMGz> < > lXPMGz lz <lEPHz
    lXPMGz
    lz> < > lz <<lEPHz
    lXPMGz>
    lDBUz> < > lDBUz < > < <
    >
22. 3-1ͷσίʔυ͔Β3-1ΤϯίʔσΟϯάΛݟΔ
    
    จࣈ  ѻ͏ͷ͸όΠτྻ
    
    
    
    
    Y
    
    Y⒎
     σίʔμ͸౸ணͨ͠όΠτྻͷ࠷ॳͷཁૉΛݟͯͰσίʔυର৅͕Կ͔ͳͲΛ஌Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ Y YG จࣈʹରԠ
    CJU Y Y⒎ ࢒ΓͷCJU
    
    Y
    
    YGͷൣғʹೖ͍ͬͯΔ৔߹ɺͦͷ··ͷόΠτͱͯ͠ղऍ͢Δ
23. σίʔυ๏
    
    จࣈྻ Y YD Y⒎ ࢒ΓͷCJU
    
    ಡΈࠐΜͩઌ಄ͷόΠτ͕ͷ࢒ΓͷCJUͷ͏ͪઌ಄CJUͩͬͨ৔߹͸ɺจࣈྻ͕Τϯίʔυ͞Ε͍ͯΔ จࣈྻΛද͢ YC YC จࣈҎԼͷจࣈྻ จࣈҎ্ YCG Y
    ͔Β
    YC
    
    
    ޙଓΛ
    Y
    
    YόΠτ෼ɺจࣈͱͯ͠σίʔυ ઌ಄ͷόΠτ͕ ྫ
    
    
    
    G
    
    
    ઌ಄
    
    Y
    
    Y
    
    
    όΠτ෼ͷจࣈྻ
    
    Y
    YG
    Y
    Y
    UP
    4USJOH
    
    GPVS
24. σίʔυ๏
    ௕͍จࣈྻ Y YD Y⒎ 
    ಡΈࠐΜͩ࠷ॳͷόΠτ͕ͷ࢒ΓͷCJUͷ͏ͪઌ಄CJUͩͬͨ৔߹͸ɺจࣈྻ͕Τϯίʔυ͞Ε͍ͯΔ  จࣈྻΛද͢ YC YC จࣈҎԼͷจࣈྻ จࣈҎ্ YCG ࠷ॳͷόΠτ͕ YC
    ͔Β
    YCG
    
    ޙଓ͕จࣈྻ௕ͷ Y
    
    YC ͷ௕͞ͷόΠτදݱ
    
    จࣈྻ
    ͱͯ͠σίʔυ ྫͱͯ͠ڥ໨ΛݟΔ
25. σίʔυ๏
    
    Ϧετ YD Y⒎ ϦετΛද͢ QBZMPBE༰ྔόΠτҎԼͷϦετ 0UIFSXJTF YD
    ͔Β
    YG
    
    
    ޙଓΛ
    ༰ྔʢY
    
    YDʣόΠτͷϦετͱͯ͠σίʔυ YG YG ࠷ॳͷόΠτ͕ 
    ಡΈࠐΜͩ࠷ॳͷόΠτ͕࢒ΓͷCJUͩͬͨ৔߹͸ɺϦετ͕Τϯίʔυ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
26. σίʔυ๏
    ̑
    ௕͍Ϧετ YD Y⒎ ϦετΛද͢ QBZMPBE༰ྔόΠτҎԼͷϦετ 0UIFSXJTF YD
    ͔Β
    YG
    
    
    ޙଓ͸ YG YG ࠷ॳͷόΠτ͕ 
    ಡΈࠐΜͩ࠷ॳͷόΠτ͕࢒ΓͷCJUͩͬͨ৔߹͸ɺϦετ͕Τϯίʔυ͞Ε͍ͯΔ  Ϧετͷ༰ྔͷόΠτදݱͷ௕͞
    
    
    Ϧετ಺༰
    ͱͯ͠σίʔυ ྫ
    YG
    Y
    Y
    Y
    ʜ YG
    
    YG
    
    YG
    
    YϦετ༰ྔ͸όΠτͰදͤΔ Y
    
    
    
    Ϧετ༰ྔ͸όΠτ
27. σίʔυ৭ʑ
    3-1 Լه͸ಉ͡ʹͳͬͯ͠·͏͕όΠτྻΛ/VNCFSͱͯ͠ղऍ͢Δ͔4USJOHͱͯ͠ղऍ͢Δ͔͸ղऍଆʹҕͶΒΕΔͬΆ͍ ΤϯίʔυͰ͖Δ࠷΋௕͍จࣈྻ͸ʁɹYCG
    
    YC
    
    όΠτ͕จࣈྻ௕ͷදݱʹ࢖͑Δ YCG
    ઌ಄ ⒎
    ⒎
    ⒎
    ⒎
    ⒎
    ⒎
    ⒎
    ⒎ จࣈྻ௕ จࣈྻ
    
    
    
     จࣈ
    
    
    
    
    ?
    จࣈ ?
    
    ϖλ
28. 3-1Τϯίʔυ͞Εͨঢ়ଶΛ೷͖ݟΔ  LFZWBMVFσʔλϕʔεͷࡏΓॲ
     -FWFM%#
     HFUIͷ৔߹EBUBEJSͰࢦఆͨ͠σΟϨΫτϦʹ֨ೲ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
     (6*ϥΠϒϥϦ୭͔஌Γ·ͤΜ͔ʜ
     (6*ϥΠϒϥϦ͕͋Ε͹΋ͬͱָʹ৭ʑʮ೷͚Δʯ͸ͣ
     AOQN
    TUBSU
    ͱ͸A  ֤छϥΠϒϥϦ
     MFWFM%#
     +BWB4DSJQU
    
    MFWFMVQ
    
    MFWFMEPXO
     1ZUIPO
    QZMWFM
     3-1
     FUIFSFVNKTSFQ
     FUIFSFVNQZSMQ
    ඍົ͔΋ʁʣ
    ɹ
    
    
    ύτϦγΞ໦
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    +BWB4DSJQU
    FUIFSFVNKTNFSLMFQBUSJDJBUSFF
29. αϯϓϧͱઃఆ  MFWFM%#͔Βঢ়ଶΛಡΈ͜ΜͰશEVNQͯ͠ΈΔ
    
30. αϯϓϧͱઃఆ 
    ݟͨ͜ͱͷ͋ΔϑΥʔϚοτ
    
    YG
    ʜ YG
    Y
    Y
    Yʜ
     ϦετͷϖΠϩʔυͷόΠτ௕ͷόΠτදݱ͸όΠτ
     Y
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    όΠτ
     Y
    
    lz
     Y
    ʜ
    lz
     YB
    ʜ
    
31. αϯϓϧ
    EFDPEF  ͍͔ͭ͘σίʔυͯ͠ΈΔ
     OPODF
    CBMBODF
    TUPSBHF3PPU
    DPEF)BTIͷॱʹ֨ೲ͞Ε͍ͯΔ  bDEGDFECEDDDFCDBCCGBEEB`
 ͸ۭจࣈྻʹର͢Δϋογϡ஋ͬΆ͍ ͔Ϳ͍ͬͯΔͷͰʣ
32. ·ͱΊ  3-1ΤϯίʔσΟϯάͱ.FSLMF
    1BUSJDJB
    5SJF͕෼͔Δσʔλͷ΋ͪํ͕େ·͔ʹ෼͔Δ
     4UPSBHF
    5SJF·ͰݟΕͨͷͰɺؤுΕ͹4UBUF
    3PPUܭࢉͰ͖Δ
     τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷϋογϡ஋औಘͯ͠
    MFWFMECಡΈࠐΜͰΞΧ΢ϯτͷঢ়ଶ֬ೝͯ͠ʜͱಈ͔͢ͱཧղ͕ਐΉ
     3-1Τϯίʔυ͸ίʔυಡΜͩ΄͏͕ͳʹ΍ͬͯΔ͔ཧղ͠΍͍͢
     3-1ʹؔͯ͠͸׳ΕΔͱ໨EFDPEFEͰ͖ͦ͏
    &7.ͷ͓ؾ࣋ͪʁʣ