ͷఆٛ ू߹ R ͕(ring)Ͱ͋Δͱɺͱੵͷू߹͕ఆٛ͞Ε͓ͯΓҎԼͷ͕݅Γཱͭ࣌ ʹ͍͏ ∀x, y ∈ R, xy ∈ R, x + y ∈ R (ԋࢉʹؔͯ͠ด͍ͯ͡Δ) ∃0R ∈ R, ∀x ∈ R, 0R + x = x + 0R = x (ͷ୯Ґݩͷଘࡏ) ∀x, y ∈ R, x + y = y + x (ͷަ๏ଇ) ∀x, y, z ∈ R, (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) (ͷ݁߹๏ଇ) ∀x ∈ R, ∃ − x ∈ R, x + (−x) = (−x) + x = 0R (ͷٯݩͷଘࡏ) ∃1R ∈ R, ∀x ∈ R, 1R x = x1R = x (ੵͷ୯Ґݩͷଘࡏ) ∀x, y, z ∈ R, (xy)z = x(yz) (ੵͷ݁߹๏ଇ) ∀x, y, z ∈ R, (x + y)z = xz + yz, x(y + z) = xy + xz (๏ଇ) ( Z )ͦͷͱੵͷԋࢉʹؔͯ͠Ͱ͋Δ ՝ R ʹ͍ͭͯɺ ∀x ∈ R, x0R = 0R x = 0R Λࣔͤ(ิ: (−1R )x = −x Λࣔͤ) ·ͨɺ(−1R )(−1R ) = 1R Λࣔͤ ܂ാӳࢿ (@mather314) ฏͷֶษڧձ 2 ճ 2017/10/24 11 / 15