深入GitLabCI-談描述檔重構與流水線加速

本次的講題是在 「台中自由軟體愛好者社群」所做的分享，內容主要著重在 GitLab CI 在流水線加速與描述檔重構兩個部分。

使用之 .gitlab-ci.yml 範例連結：https://gitlab.com/mouson-gitlab-playground/gitlab-ci-demo-sample/-/tree/refactor-gitlab-ci-sample-v3

影片紀錄連結：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wLGw7oYJKg&feature=youtu.be&t=2438

Transcript

1. 深入 GitLab CI
   
   
   談描述檔重構與流⽔線加速
   墨嗓 (陳佑⽵)
   
   
   2020/11/28 @ 台中⾃由軟體愛好者社群
   

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2. About Me
   • 陳佑⽵，朋友都叫我墨嗓(Mouson)。
   專注於資訊科技整合、應⽤、開發⽅
   法及研究的T型⼈。
   
   
   妞妞
   

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3. 歡迎加入 GitLab Hero
   

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4. .
   社群
   .
   https://fb.com/groups/GitLabTaipei https://t.me/GitLabTaiwan
   

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5. 進入主題
   

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6. 深入 GitLab CI
   • Part I: 流⽔線 (Pipeline) 加速
   
   
   • Part II: .gitlab-ci.yml 描述檔如何重構
   

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7. 怎麼讓流⽔線 (Pipeline)
   
   
   更快⼀點？
   Part I
   

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8. 流⽔線加速三要素
   

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9. 流⽔線加速三要素
   • ⼯作 少做點
   

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10. 流⽔線加速三要素
    • ⼯作 少做點
    • 事情 作快點
    

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11. 流⽔線加速三要素
    • ⼯作 少做點
    • 事情 作快點
    • 作事的 多⼀點
    

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12. 流⽔線 Pipeline 啟動到結束
    
    
    哪些地⽅花了時間？
    

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13. 拆解
    

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14. .gitlab-ci.yml
    

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15. .gitlab-ci.yml
    

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16. .gitlab-ci.yml
    

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17. .gitlab-ci.yml Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    

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18. .gitlab-ci.yml Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    

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19. .gitlab-ci.yml Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run Job
    
    
    ____________________________
    
    
    

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20. .gitlab-ci.yml Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    

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21. •什麼⼯作先作比較好？
    .gitlab-ci.yml Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    

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22. 什麼⼯作先做比較好？
    

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23. 什麼⼯作先做比較好？
    • 跑的快的⼯作
    

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24. 什麼⼯作先做比較好？
    • 跑的快的⼯作
    • 早點做完早點確認結果
    

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25. 什麼⼯作先做比較好？
    • 跑的快的⼯作
    • 早點做完早點確認結果
    • 有決定性的⼯作
    

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26. 什麼⼯作先做比較好？
    • 跑的快的⼯作
    • 早點做完早點確認結果
    • 有決定性的⼯作
    • 沒通過直接 Reject
    

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27. •什麼⼯作先做比較好？
    .gitlab-ci.yml Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    

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28. •什麼⼯作先做比較好？
    •每個⼯作都是該做的嗎？
    .gitlab-ci.yml Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    

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29. 每個⼯作都是該做的嗎？
    

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30. 每個⼯作都是該做的嗎？
    • 同⼀專案中包含前端及後端的測試
    

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31. 每個⼯作都是該做的嗎？
    • 同⼀專案中包含前端及後端的測試
    • 可以考慮對應原始碼變更才執⾏對應的測試
    

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32. 每個⼯作都是該做的嗎？
    • 同⼀專案中包含前端及後端的測試
    • 可以考慮對應原始碼變更才執⾏對應的測試
    

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33. •什麼⼯作先做比較好？
    •每個⼯作都是該做的嗎？
    .gitlab-ci.yml Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    

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34. •什麼⼯作先做比較好？
    •每個⼯作都是該做的嗎？
    •有沒有⼯作花太久時間等
    待進 Queue ?
    .gitlab-ci.yml Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    

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35. ⼯作花太久時間等待進 Queue?
    

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36. ⼯作花太久時間等待進 Queue?
    build test deploy
    build_a test_a deploy_a
    build_b test_b deploy_b
    build_c test_c deploy_c
    

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37. ⼯作花太久時間等待進 Queue?
    build test deploy
    build_a test_a deploy_a
    build_b test_b deploy_b
    build_c test_c deploy_c
    build_b
    

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38. ⼯作花太久時間等待進 Queue?
    build test deploy
    build_a test_a deploy_a
    build_b test_b deploy_b
    build_c test_c deploy_c
    build_b
    

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39. ⼯作花太久時間等待進 Queue?
    • 套⽤ DAG 機制 (GitLab 12.2）
    build test deploy
    build_a test_a deploy_a
    build_b test_b deploy_b
    build_c test_c deploy_c
    build_b
    

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40. ⼯作花太久時間等待進 Queue?
    • 套⽤ DAG 機制 (GitLab 12.2）
    build test deploy
    build_a test_a deploy_a
    build_b test_b deploy_b
    build_c test_c deploy_c
    build_b
    

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41. ⼯作花太久時間等待進 Queue?
    • 套⽤ DAG 機制 (GitLab 12.2）
    build test deploy
    build_a test_a deploy_a
    build_b test_b deploy_b
    build_c test_c deploy_c
    build_b
    

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42. .gitlab-ci.yml Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    

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43. .gitlab-ci.yml Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    

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44. Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    

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45. Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    •Runner 數量夠嗎？
    

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46. Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    •Runner 數量夠嗎？
    •能執⾏的 Runner 夠嗎？
    

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47. Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    

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48. Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run Job
    
    
    ____________________________
    
    
    

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49. Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run Job
    
    
    ____________________________
    
    
    

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50. Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run
    R
    u
    n
    ____________________________
    

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51. Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run
    R
    u
    n
    ____________________________
    * prepare
    p
    r
    e
    p
    a
    r
    e
    p
    r
    e
    

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52. Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run
    R
    u
    n
    ____________________________
    * prepare
    p
    r
    e
    p
    a
    r
    e
    p
    r
    e
    * git
    g
    i
    t
    g
    i
    t
    r
    

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53. Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run
    R
    u
    n
    ____________________________
    * prepare
    p
    r
    e
    p
    a
    r
    e
    p
    r
    e
    * git
    g
    i
    t
    g
    i
    t
    r
    * restore
    r
    e
    s
    t
    o
    

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54. Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run
    R
    u
    n
    ____________________________
    * prepare
    p
    r
    e
    p
    a
    r
    e
    p
    r
    e
    * git
    g
    i
    t
    g
    i
    t
    r
    * restore
    r
    e
    s
    t
    o
    * download
    d
    o
    w
    n
    l
    o
    a
    d
    

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55. Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run
    R
    u
    n
    ____________________________
    * prepare
    p
    r
    e
    p
    a
    r
    e
    p
    r
    e
    * git
    g
    i
    t
    g
    i
    t
    r
    * restore
    r
    e
    s
    t
    o
    * download
    d
    o
    w
    n
    l
    o
    a
    d
    * script
    s
    c
    r
    i
    p
    t
    

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56. Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run
    R
    u
    n
    ____________________________
    * prepare
    p
    r
    e
    p
    a
    r
    e
    p
    r
    e
    * git
    g
    i
    t
    g
    i
    t
    r
    * restore
    r
    e
    s
    t
    o
    * download
    d
    o
    w
    n
    l
    o
    a
    d
    * script
    s
    c
    r
    i
    p
    t
    * package
    p
    a
    c
    k
    a
    g
    e
    

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57. Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run
    R
    u
    n
    ____________________________
    * prepare
    p
    r
    e
    p
    a
    r
    e
    p
    r
    e
    * git
    g
    i
    t
    g
    i
    t
    r
    * restore
    r
    e
    s
    t
    o
    * download
    d
    o
    w
    n
    l
    o
    a
    d
    * script
    s
    c
    r
    i
    p
    t
    * package
    p
    a
    c
    k
    a
    g
    e
    * saving
    s
    a
    v
    i
    n
    

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58. Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run
    R
    u
    n
    ____________________________
    * prepare
    p
    r
    e
    p
    a
    r
    e
    p
    r
    e
    * git
    g
    i
    t
    g
    i
    t
    r
    * restore
    r
    e
    s
    t
    o
    * download
    d
    o
    w
    n
    l
    o
    a
    d
    * script
    s
    c
    r
    i
    p
    t
    * package
    p
    a
    c
    k
    a
    g
    e
    * saving
    s
    a
    v
    i
    n
    * uploading
    u
    p
    l
    o
    a
    d
    i
    n
    g
    

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59. Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run Job
    ____________________________
    * prepare execute env
    * git repo fetch
    * restore cache
    * download artifacts
    * script execute
    * package install
    * saving cache
    * uploading artifacts
    * cleaning up
    f
    i
    le base var
    

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60. •Network Performance ?
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run Job
    ____________________________
    * prepare execute env
    * git repo fetch
    * restore cache
    * download artifacts
    * script execute
    * package install
    * saving cache
    * uploading artifacts
    * cleaning up
    f
    i
    le base var
    

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61. •Network Performance ?
    
    
    •Docker image size ?
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run Job
    
    
    ____________________________
    
    
    * prepare execute env
    
    
    * git repo fetch
    
    
    * restore cache
    
    
    * download artifacts
    
    
    * script execut
    e
    
    
    * package install
    
    
    * saving cache
    
    
    * uploading artifacts
    
    
    * cleaning up
    f
    i
    le base var
    

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62. Docker Image Size ?
    

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63. Docker Image Size ?
    

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64. •Network Performance ?
    
    
    •Docker image size ?
    
    
    •Git Repo Size ?
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run Job
    
    
    ____________________________
    
    
    * prepare execute env
    
    
    * git repo fetch
    
    
    * restore cache
    
    
    * download artifacts
    
    
    * script execut
    e
    
    
    * package install
    
    
    * saving cache
    
    
    * uploading artifacts
    
    
    * cleaning up
    f
    i
    le base var
    

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65. •Network Performance ?
    
    
    •Docker image size ?
    
    
    •Git Repo Size ?
    
    
    •Programming Language
    Dependence Package
    Size ?
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run Job
    
    
    ____________________________
    
    
    * prepare execute env
    
    
    * git repo fetch
    
    
    * restore cache
    
    
    * download artifacts
    
    
    * script execut
    e
    
    
    * package install
    
    
    * saving cache
    
    
    * uploading artifacts
    
    
    * cleaning up
    f
    i
    le base var
    

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66. •Network Performance ?
    
    
    •Docker image size ?
    
    
    •Git Repo Size ?
    
    
    •Programming Language
    Dependence Package
    Size ?
    
    
    •Artifacts Size ?
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run Job
    
    
    ____________________________
    
    
    * prepare execute env
    
    
    * git repo fetch
    
    
    * restore cache
    
    
    * download artifacts
    
    
    * script execut
    e
    
    
    * package install
    
    
    * saving cache
    
    
    * uploading artifacts
    
    
    * cleaning up
    f
    i
    le base var
    

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67. •Network Performance ?
    
    
    •Docker image size ?
    
    
    •Git Repo Size ?
    
    
    •Programming Language
    Dependence Package
    Size ?
    
    
    •Artifacts Size ?
    
    
    •Script Performance ?
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run Job
    
    
    ____________________________
    
    
    * prepare execute env
    
    
    * git repo fetch
    
    
    * restore cache
    
    
    * download artifacts
    
    
    * script execut
    e
    
    
    * package install
    
    
    * saving cache
    
    
    * uploading artifacts
    
    
    * cleaning up
    f
    i
    le base var
    

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68. Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run Job
    
    
    ____________________________
    
    
    * prepare execute env
    
    
    * git repo fetch
    
    
    * restore cache
    
    
    * download artifacts
    
    
    * script execut
    e
    
    
    * package install
    
    
    * saving cache
    
    
    * uploading artifacts
    
    
    * cleaning up
    f
    i
    le base var
    

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69. .gitlab-ci.yml Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job
    Job Queue
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runner
    
    
    Server
    Runners
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Runner
    Run Job
    
    
    ____________________________
    
    
    * prepare execute env
    
    
    * git repo fetch
    
    
    * restore cache
    
    
    * download artifacts
    
    
    * script execut
    e
    
    
    * package install
    
    
    * saving cache
    
    
    * uploading artifacts
    
    
    * cleaning up
    f
    i
    le base var
    

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70. Part I
    
    
    Q&A
    

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71. .gitlab-ci.yml 描述檔
    
    
    如何重構？
    Part II
    

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72. 從前從前....
    使⽤ GitLab CI ⾃動檢查格式
    

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73. 加入⾃動測試
    

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74. 加入⾃動部署
    

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75. 再增加
    
    
    ⼀種版本...
    

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76. 越來越難以維護的
    
    
    .gitlab-ci.yml
    該怎麼整理？
    

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77. 怎麼整理？
    針對 v73, v74 分別有：
    
    
    lint、test、deploy 三種類型的⼯作
    

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78. 1. 擷取⼀致的
    部分到 Default:
    擷取⼀致的 script 變為 default:
    

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79. 1. 擷取⼀致的
    部分到 Default:
    擷取⼀致的 script 變為 default:
    

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80. Default:
    1. Pipeline 中所有⼯作都會套⽤
    
    
    2. 如不符使⽤，可以覆寫
    
    
    3. ⽀援：image、services、
    before_script、after_script、tags、
    cache、artifacts、retry、timeout、
    interruptible
    

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81. 2. 整理 script
    共同之程序
    整理出來的 Script，可以做程序的分
    組，⽅便後續使⽤
    

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82. 2. 整理 script
    共同之程序
    整理出來的 Script，可以做程序的分
    組，⽅便後續使⽤
    

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83. 2. 整理 script
    共同之程序
    整理出來的 Script，可以做程序的分
    組，⽅便後續使⽤
    

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84. 3. 擷取重複段
    落以繼承再利⽤
    利⽤ hidden job
    
    
    整理 job 共同的部分
    
    
    並使⽤ extends 繼承
    

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85. 3. 擷取重複段
    落以繼承再利⽤
    利⽤ hidden job
    
    
    整理 job 共同的部分
    
    
    並使⽤ extends 繼承
    

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86. 3. 擷取重複段
    落以繼承再利⽤
    利⽤ hidden job
    
    
    整理 job 共同的部分
    
    
    並使⽤ extends 繼承
    

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87. hidden job
    1. 以 「.」開頭的⼯作名稱：
    
    
    整個⼯作都不執⾏
    

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88. extends:
    

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89. extends:
    1. 把繼承來源的內容抄⼀次
    

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90. extends:
    1. 把繼承來源的內容抄⼀次
    2. 可以允許既成多個來源
    

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91. extends:
    1. 把繼承來源的內容抄⼀次
    2. 可以允許既成多個來源
    3. 重複的內容：
    

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92. extends:
    1. 把繼承來源的內容抄⼀次
    2. 可以允許既成多個來源
    3. 重複的內容：
    script: 後蓋前
    

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93. extends:
    1. 把繼承來源的內容抄⼀次
    2. 可以允許既成多個來源
    3. 重複的內容：
    script: 後蓋前
    variables: 取合集後蓋前
    

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94. 4.利⽤Anchors
    
    
    整理可複⽤的
    script
    

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95. 4.利⽤Anchors
    
    
    整理可複⽤的
    script
    

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96. 4.利⽤Anchors
    
    
    整理可複⽤的
    script
    

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97. Anchors
    1. 可允許多⾏
    
    
    2. 可在 script 中使⽤
    

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98. Anchors
    1. 可允許多⾏
    
    
    2. 可在 script 中使⽤
    

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99. Anchors
    1. 可允許多⾏
    
    
    2. 可在 script 中使⽤
    

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100. 5. 建立同類⼯
     作模板 tmpl
     

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101. 5. 建立同類⼯
     作模板 tmpl
     

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102. 5. 建立同類⼯
     作模板 tmpl
     extends: 可以允許多層次繼承
     

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103. 6. 擷取為
     
     
     變數控制
     

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104. 6. 擷取為
     
     
     變數控制
     

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105. 6. 擷取為
     
     
     變數控制
     

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106. 6. 擷取為
     
     
     變數控制
     

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107. 7. 整理⾄
     Template 中
     

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108. 7. 整理⾄
     Template 中
     

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109. 7. 整理⾄
     Template 中
     

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110. 8. 使⽤
     Parallel Matrix
     

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111. 8. 使⽤
     Parallel Matrix
     

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112. 8. 使⽤
     Parallel Matrix
     

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113. 8. 使⽤
     Parallel Matrix
     

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114. 9. 擷取 Parallel
     Matrix 為模板供
     繼承
     

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115. 9. 擷取 Parallel
     Matrix 為模板供
     繼承
     

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116. 9. 擷取 Parallel
     Matrix 為模板供
     繼承
     entends: 允許既成多個來源
     

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117. 10. 拆分檔案利
     ⽤ include 載入
     

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118. 10. 拆分檔案利
     ⽤ include 載入
     

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119. 10. 拆分檔案利
     ⽤ include 載入
     ├── .gitlab-ci.yml
     
     
     └── templates
     
     
     ├── common.yml
     
     
     ├── de
     f
     i
     ne.yml
     
     
     ├── lint.yml
     
     
     ├── test.yml
     
     
     └── deploy.yml
     
     
     

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120. 10. 拆分檔案利
     ⽤ include 載入
     ├── .gitlab-ci.yml
     
     
     └── templates
     
     
     ├── common.yml
     
     
     ├── de
     f
     i
     ne.yml
     
     
     ├── lint.yml
     
     
     ├── test.yml
     
     
     └── deploy.yml
     
     
     

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121. 10. 拆分檔案利
     ⽤ include 載入
     ├── .gitlab-ci.yml
     
     
     └── templates
     
     
     ├── common.yml
     
     
     ├── de
     f
     i
     ne.yml
     
     
     ├── lint.yml
     
     
     ├── test.yml
     
     
     └── deploy.yml
     
     
     

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122. 10. 拆分檔案利
     ⽤ include 載入
     ├── .gitlab-ci.yml
     
     
     └── templates
     
     
     ├── common.yml
     
     
     ├── de
     f
     i
     ne.yml
     
     
     ├── lint.yml
     
     
     ├── test.yml
     
     
     └── deploy.yml
     
     
     

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123. 10. 拆分檔案利
     ⽤ include 載入
     ├── .gitlab-ci.yml
     
     
     └── templates
     
     
     ├── common.yml
     
     
     ├── de
     f
     i
     ne.yml
     
     
     ├── lint.yml
     
     
     ├── test.yml
     
     
     └── deploy.yml
     
     
     

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124. 10. 拆分檔案利
     ⽤ include 載入
     ├── .gitlab-ci.yml
     
     
     └── templates
     
     
     ├── common.yml
     
     
     ├── de
     f
     i
     ne.yml
     
     
     ├── lint.yml
     
     
     ├── test.yml
     
     
     └── deploy.yml
     
     
     

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125. 10. 拆分檔案利
     ⽤ include 載入
     ├── .gitlab-ci.yml
     
     
     └── templates
     
     
     ├── common.yml
     
     
     ├── de
     f
     i
     ne.yml
     
     
     ├── lint.yml
     
     
     ├── test.yml
     
     
     └── deploy.yml
     
     
     

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126. 10. 拆分檔案利
     ⽤ include 載入
     ├── .gitlab-ci.yml
     
     
     └── templates
     
     
     ├── common.yml
     
     
     ├── de
     f
     i
     ne.yml
     
     
     ├── lint.yml
     
     
     ├── test.yml
     
     
     └── deploy.yml
     
     
     

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127. include:
     - local: 同專案下的檔案
     
     
     - remote: URL 連結
     
     
     - template: GitLab 官⽅提供的模板
     
     
     -
     f
     i
     le: 來⾃其他專案的檔案
     
     
     

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128. 11. 建立共⽤流
     程供其他專案
     
     
     使⽤
     

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129. include:
     f
     i
     le introduced in GitLab 11.7
     
     
     include multi
     f
     i
     le from a project in
     GitLab 13.6
     11. 建立共⽤流
     程供其他專案
     
     
     使⽤
     

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130. 變更及覆寫參數
     11. 建立共⽤流
     程供其他專案
     
     
     使⽤
     

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131. 變更及覆寫參數
     11. 建立共⽤流
     程供其他專案
     
     
     使⽤
     

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132. 12. 從模板選
     擇需要的⼯作
     

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133. 12. 從模板選
     擇需要的⼯作
     

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134. Recap
     • 利⽤ default stage 整理所有 job 都共同的
     
     
     • 利⽤ .hidden 建立模板⼯作，並⽤ extends 繼承使⽤
     
     
     • 利⽤ Anchors 整理可重複使⽤的 Script
     
     
     • 萃取出變數
     
     
     • 利⽤ Parallel Matrix 功能
     
     
     • 建立多專案共⽤流程
     
     
     • Sample Source Code: https://bit.ly/3mTiBgJ
     

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135. Sample Code
     • https://bit.ly/3mTiBgJ
     

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136. 歡迎加入 GitLab Hero
     

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137. Q&A
     

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