コンピュータによる数の表現

Transcript

1. by Naoki Kato ©Naoki Kato ©Naoki Kato ਺ͷදݱ Computer Science, Engineering and Literacy
2. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ৘ใͱ͸ ҙຯ Λ࣋ͭ΋ͷΛ޿֓͘͢͞೦ ৘ใ
3. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ແܗͰ͋Δ৘ใΛ ه࿥͢Δʹ͸ɼ఻͑Δʹ͸ɼʜ දݱ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ දݱͷํ๏ʢදݱϝσΟΞʣ ਎ମදݱɿൃ੠ɼ਎ৼΓɼݴ༿ɼʜ ه߸දݱɿจࣈɼ਺ࣈɼه߸ɼ਺ࣜɼදɼʜ ύλϯදݱɿֆɼਤɼө૾ɼԻָɼʜ ৘ใ
4. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ৘ใͷه࿥ͱ఻ୡ ਎ମදݱ͸ ௚઀఻͑Δ͜ͱ΋Մ ه߸ɾύλϯදݱ͸ ͨͱ͑͹ࢴ্ʹ ༷ʑͳ఻ୡϝσΟΞ΍ϚεϝσΟΞ΋ར༻Մೳ ৘ใ
5. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ίϯϐϡʔλͰѻ͑Δͷ͸ೋͭͷঢ়ଶ Ұൠతͳίϯϐϡʔλ͸ిؾతͳεΠονͷू߹ ೖྗ͸ɼిؾ͕ྲྀΕ͍ͯΔ͔ɼྲྀΕ͍ͯͳ͍͔ ग़ྗ΋ɼిؾ͕ྲྀΕ͍ͯΔ͔ɼྲྀΕ͍ͯͳ͍͔ ిѹ͕͔͔͍ͬͯΔ͔ʢ)ʣɼ͔͔͍ͬͯͳ͍͔ʢ- ίϯϐϡʔλʹ͓͚Δ৘ใͷදݱ 電流を流す 電流を流さない
6. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ίϯϐϡʔλͰѻ͑Δͷ͸ೋͭͷঢ়ଶ ͲΜͳεΠονճ࿏΋ѻ͑Δঢ়ଶ͸ೋͭͷঢ়ଶ ίϯϐϡʔλʹ͓͚Δ৘ใͷදݱ X Y S C HかLか HかLか HかLか HかLか D LD CK D LD CK D0 D1 CK LD HかLか HかLか
7. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ίϯϐϡʔλͰѻ͑Δͷ͸ೋͭͷঢ়ଶ ͜ͷೋͭͷঢ়ଶΛ
   
   ͱ
   
   Ͱදݱ Ϗοτ CJUɿCJOBSZ
   EJHJU ίϯϐϡʔλʹ͓͚Δ৘ใͷදݱ
8. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ΑΓଟ࠼ͳঢ়ଶ͸
   
   ͱ
   
   ͷ૊߹ͤͰදݱ ೋͭͷϏοτΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔͱ
   
   छྨͷঢ়ଶ
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
    ࡾͭͷϏοτΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔͱ
   
   छྨͷঢ়ଶ 
   
   
   
   
   
   
    /
   ݸͷϏοτΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔͱ /
   छྨͷঢ়ଶ͕දݱՄೳ ίϯϐϡʔλʹ͓͚Δ৘ใͷදݱ ビット列
9. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ͓·͚ ίϯϐϡʔλʹ͓͚Δ৘ใͷදݱ ̍ ̌ ̌ ̍ ̎ ̌ ̍ ̌ ̏ ̌ ̍ ̍ ̐ ̍ ̌ ̌ ̑ ̍ ̌ ̍ ̒ ̍ ̍ ̌ ̓ ̍ ̍ ̍ ਓ͍Δͱ ʢCJU͋Δͱʣ ࠷େछྨ ʣ Λ۠ผՄೳ
10. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ίϯϐϡʔλͷϚϧνϝσΟΞԽ ৘ใΛϏοτྻͰදݱ͢Δͱ ίϯϐϡʔλʹೖྗʢهԱʣ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ ͳΜΒ͔ͷॲཧΛ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ ίϯϐϡʔλʹ͓͚Δ৘ใͷදݱ ⽂字や絵図 映像 ⾳楽
11. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ৘ใͷදه Ϗοτྻ
    
    ͩͱ௕ͨΒ͍͠ Ϗοτྻ
    
    Λೋਐه਺๏ʹΑΔ਺ͱΈͳ͠ े࿡ਐه਺๏
    I
    Λ༻͍ͯදݱ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ ίϯϐϡʔλʹ͓͚Δ৘ใͷදݱ
12. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ਐه਺๏ͱਐه਺๏ͱਐه਺๏਺ ʢࢀߟʣج਺ม׵ 00000000 0 0h 00000001 1 1h 00000010 2 2h 00000011 3 3h ： ： ： 00001010 10 0ah ： ： ： 00001111 15 0fh 00010000 16 10h ： ： ：
13. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ίϯϐϡʔλ͔Β৘ใΛग़͠ೖΕ͢Δ ίϯϐϡʔλʹ৘ใΛೖΕΔʹ͸ɼ ৘ใΛϏοτྻʢೋਐه਺๏ͷ਺ʣʹม׵͢Δ ූ߸Խ ίϯϐϡʔλ͔Β৘ใΛग़͢ʹ͸ɼ Ϗοτྻʢೋਐه਺๏ͷ਺ʣΛ৘ใʹ໭͢ ෳ߹Խ ίϯϐϡʔλʹ͓͚Δ৘ใͷදݱ
14. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ූ߸Խͱෳ߹Խ ίϯϐϡʔλʹ͓͚Δ৘ใͷදݱ 東 西 南 北 00 01 10 11 東 西 南 北 符 号 化 複 合 化
15. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ਺ΛϏοτྻͰදݱ͢Δ جຊ͸ɼ୯७ʹɼ਺Λೋਐه਺๏Ͱද͢ ਺ͷදݱ 0010101010001010（2） 2A8A（16）
16. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ࣗવ਺ͱͷූ߸Խ ͦͷ··ೋਐදه๏Λར༻ ̌ ̌̌̌̌̌̌̌̌ ̍̌ ̌̌̌̌̍̌̍̌ ̍ ̌̌̌̌̌̌̌̍ ̍̍ ̌̌̌̌̍̌̍̍ ̎ ̌̌̌̌̌̌̍̌ ̍̎ ̌̌̌̌̍̍̌̌ ̏ ̌̌̌̌̌̌̍̍ ̍̏ ̌̌̌̌̍̍̌̍ ̐ ̌̌̌̌̌̍̌̌ ̍̐ ̌̌̌̌̍̍̍̌ ̑ ̌̌̌̌̌̍̌̍ ̍̑ ̌̌̌̌̍̍̍̍ ̒ ̌̌̌̌̌̍̍̌ ̍̒ ̌̌̌̍̌̌̌̌ ̓ ̌̌̌̌̌̍̍̍ ̍̓ ̌̌̌̍̌̌̌̍ ̔ ̌̌̌̌̍̌̌̌ ̍̔ ̌̌̌̍̌̌̍̌ ̕ ̌̌̌̌̍̌̌̍ ɿ ʢϏοτ௕ͷ৔߹ʣ ਺ͷදݱ
17. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ेਐه਺๏͔Βೋਐه਺๏΁ͷม׵ ̎ͰׂΓࢉΛ͍ͯ͘͠ ̎ʣ̍̕ ̎ʣ ̕ ̍ ̎ʣ ̐ ̍ ̎ʣ ̎ ̌ ̎ʣ ̍ ̌ ̌ ̍ ̍̕ʢ̍̌ʣ ʹ̍̌̌̍̍ʢ̎ʣ ʢࢀߟʣج਺ม׵ 商 余り 余りを逆順に読む
18. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ੔਺ͷූ߸Խ ෛͷ੔਺ΛͲ͏͢Δ͔͕ϙΠϯτ ූ߸Ծ਺෦ ࠷্ҐϏοτΛූ߸ͱ͢Δ ʴ̓ ̌̍̍̍ ʵ̓ ̍̍̍̍ ʴ̒ ̌̍̍̌ ʵ̒ ̍̍̍̌ ʴ̑ ̌̍̌̍ ʵ̑ ̍̍̌̍ ʴ̐ ̌̍̌̌ ʵ̐ ̍̍̌̌ ʴ̏ ̌̌̍̍ ʵ̏ ̍̌̍̍ ʴ̎ ̌̌̍̌ ʵ̎ ̍̌̍̌ ʴ̍ ̌̌̌̍ ʵ̍ ̍̌̌̍ ʴ̌ ̌̌̌̌ ʢʵ̌ ̍̌̌̌ʣ ʢ˞̐Ϗοτͷ৔߹ʣ ੔਺ͷදݱ
19. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ̍ͷิ਺ ෛͷ੔਺͸ɼશϏοτΛ൓సͤ͞Δ ʢɾɾ͔ΒҾ͘ʣ ʴ̓ ̌̍̍̍ ʵ̓ ̍̌̌̌ ʴ̒ ̌̍̍̌ ʵ̒ ̍̌̌̍ ʴ̑ ̌̍̌̍ ʵ̑ ̍̌̍̌ ʴ̐ ̌̍̌̌ ʵ̐ ̍̌̍̍ ʴ̏ ̌̌̍̍ ʵ̏ ̍̍̌̌ ʴ̎ ̌̌̍̌ ʵ̎ ̍̍̌̍ ʴ̍ ̌̌̌̍ ʵ̍ ̍̍̍̌ ʴ̌ ̌̌̌̌ ʢʵ̌ ̍̍̍̍ʣ ʢ̐Ϗοτͷ৔߹ʣ ੔਺ͷදݱ
20. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ̍ͷิ਺ͷ৔߹ͷՃࢉ ೋਐه਺๏ͱͯ͠Ճࢉޙɼ ܻ͕͋;Εͨͱ͖͸ͦΕΛՃࢉ ʴ̏ʢ̌̌̍̍ʣ ʴʣʴ̍ʢ̌̌̌̍ʣ ʢ̌̍̌̌ʣʴ̐ ʴ̍ʢ̌̌̌̍ʣ ʵ̍ʢ̍̍̍̌ʣ ʴʣʵ̎ʢ̍̍̌̍ʣ ʴʣʵ̎ʢ̍̍̌̍ʣ ̍̍̍̌ ʵ̍ ̍̍̌̍̍ ̍ ̍̍̌̌ ʵ̏ ੔਺ͷදݱ
21. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ͷิ਺ ෛͷ੔਺͸ɼ
    ܻଟ͍
    
    ͷ΂͖৐ͷ஋͔ΒҾ͘ ʵ̔ ̍̌̌̌ʢ ̔ͱಉ͡ʣ ʴ̓ ̌̍̍̍ ʵ̓ ̍̌̌̍ʢ ̕ͱಉ͡ʣ ʴ̒ ̌̍̍̌ ʵ̒ ̍̌̍̌ʢ̍̌ͱಉ͡ʣ ʴ̑ ̌̍̌̍ ʵ̑ ̍̌̍̍ʢ̍̍ͱಉ͡ʣ ʴ̐ ̌̍̌̌ ʵ̐ ̍̍̌̌ʢ̍̎ͱಉ͡ʣ ʴ̏ ̌̌̍̍ ʵ̏ ̍̍̌̍ʢ̍̏ͱಉ͡ʣ ʴ̎ ̌̌̍̌ ʵ̎ ̍̍̍̌ʢ̍̐ͱಉ͡ʣ ʴ̍ ̌̌̌̍ ʵ̍ ̍̍̍̍ʢ̍̑ͱಉ͡ʣ ʴ̌ ̌̌̌̌ ʢ̐Ϗοτͷ৔߹ʣ ੔਺ͷදݱ
22. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ͷิ਺ͷ৔߹ͷՃࢉ ೋਐه਺๏ͷ਺ͷՃࢉΛ͢Ε͹Α͍ ʢܻ͋;Ε͸ແࢹʣ ʴ̏ʢ̌̌̍̍ʣ ʴ̍ʢ̌̌̌̍ʣ ʴʣʴ̍ʢ̌̌̌̍ʣ ʴʣʵ̍ʢ̍̍̍̍ʣ ʢ̌̍̌̌ʣʴ̐ ̍̌̌̌̌ ̌ ʴ̍ʢ̌̌̌̍ʣ ʵ̍ʢ̍̍̍̍ʣ ʴʣʵ̎ʢ̍̍̍̌ʣ ʴʣʵ̎ʢ̍̍̍̌ʣ ̍̍̍̍ ʵ̍ ̍̍̍̌̍ ʵ̏ ੔਺ͷදݱ
23. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ेਐه਺๏ͱೋਐه਺๏ͷҙຯ ेਐه਺๏ ̍ ̌ ̕ ೋਐه਺๏ ̍ ̌ ̍ ʹ   ࣮਺ͷදݱ 102=百が⼀個 101=⼗は無し 100=⼀が九個 22=四が⼀個 21=⼆は無し 20=⼀が⼀個
24. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ेਐه਺๏ͱೋਐه਺๏ͷҙຯ ेਐه਺๏ ̌ɽ̍ ̌ ̕ ೋਐه਺๏ ̌ɽ̍ ̌ ̍ ʹ   ʴ  ʹ  ࣮਺ͷදݱ 10-1=⼗分の⼀が⼀個 10-2=百分の⼀は無し 10-3=千分の⼀が九個 2-1=⼆分の⼀が⼀個 2-2=四分の⼀は無し 2-3=⼋分の⼀が⼀個
25. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ݻఆখ਺఺ C C ɽC C ʹ C º C º C º C º 
    Ϗοτɼখ਺఺෦
    
    Ϗοτͷ৔߹ʣ ̌̌̌̌ ʹ ̌ ̌̌̌̍ ʹ ̌ɽ̎̑ ̍̍̍̍ ʹ ʔ̌ɽ̎̑ ̌̌̍̌ ʹ ̌ɽ̑ ̍̍̍̌ ʹ ʔ̌ɽ̑ ̌̌̍̍ ʹ ̌ɽ̓̑ ̍̍̌̍ ʹ ʔ̌ɽ̓̑ ̌̍̌̌ ʹ ̍ ̍̍̌̌ ʹ ʔ̍ ̌̍̌̍ ʹ ̍ɽ̎̑ ̍̌̍̍ ʹ ʔ̍ɽ̎̑ ̌̍̍̌ ʹ ̍ɽ̑ ̍̌̍̌ ʹ ʔ̍ɽ̑ ̌̍̍̍ ʹ ̍ɽ̓̑ ̍̌̌̍ ʹ ʔ̍ɽ̓̑ ࣮਺ͷදݱ
26. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ेਐه਺๏ͷখ਺Λೋਐه਺๏ʹม׵͢ Δํ๏ খ਺෦෼ʹ̎Λֻ͚͍ͯ͘ ̌ɽ̒̎̑ ̎ ̍ɽ̎̑̌ ̎ ̌ɽ̑̌ ̎ ̍ɽ̌ ̌ɽ̒̎̑ʢ̍̌ʣ ʹ̌ɽ̍̌̍ʢ̎ʣ ʢࢀߟʣج਺ม׵
27. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ݻఆখ਺఺ͰදݱͰ͖Δ࣮਺ খ਺఺෦
    
    Ϗοτͷ৔߹ɼ දݱͰ͖Δͷ͸
    ʢʣ୯Ґ খ਺఺෦̏Ϗοτͷ৔߹͸ɼʢʣ୯Ґ খ਺఺෦̐Ϗοτͷ৔߹͸ɼʢʣ ɿ 
    ͸
    O
    Ͱͷ࿨Ͱ͸͋ΒΘͤͳ͍ 
    Λ
    
    ਐ਺Ͱදه͢Δͱ॥؀খ਺ ̌ɽ̌̍̌̍̌̍̌̍ɾɾɾ ࣮਺ͷදݱ
28. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ݻఆখ਺఺ͰදݱͰ͖Δ࣮਺ ̍ʗ̏ ʹ ̌ɽ̌̍̌̍̌̍̌̍ɾɾɾ ʹ ̌ɽ̌̍̌̍ 
    
    
    
    
    ʹʁ ̌ɽ̌̍̌̍ ̌ɽ̌̍̌̍ ʴʣ̌ɽ̌̍̌̍ ̌ɽ̍̍̍̍ʹ̌ɽ̏̓̑̕ ࣮਺ͷදݱ & 丸め誤差
29. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ίϯϐϡʔλʹΑΔܭࢉ࣌ͷ໰୊
    㱣
    Є̎O
    Λܭࢉ͍ͨ͠ O ແݶճ਺܁Γฦ͢͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͷͰ
    /
    ճͰଧͪ੾Γ 㱣
    Є̎O
    ෼ͷޡ͕ࠩൃੜ O/  ʢࢀߟʣ࣮਺ͷදݱ 打ち切り誤差
30. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ݻఆখ਺఺ͰදݱͰ͖Δ࣮਺ Ϗοτͷ৔߹ɼ͢΂ͯΛ੔਺෦ʹ࢖ͬͨͱͯ͠΋ 
    
    ʙ
    
    
    
    
    
    ʙ
    
     Ϗοτͷ৔߹ɼʙ ϏοτͰ΋ɼʙ  ʙͷൣғ খ਺෦Λ࢖͏ͱɼ͞Βʹൣғ͸ڱ·Δ ΑΓදݱൣғΛ޿͍͛ͨ ුಈখ਺఺ ࣮਺ͷදݱ
31. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ුಈখ਺఺ ූ߸෦ɼࢦ਺෦ɼԾ਺෦Ͱදݱ ࣮਺ͷઈର஋ ʹ Ծ਺෦ºج਺ࢦ਺෦ ̌̍̍̍̍̍̌ ʹ ʴ̌ɽ̍̍̌º̎̍̍̍ ʹ ʴ̌ɽ̓̑º̎ʵ̍ ʹ ʴ̌ɽ̏̓̑ ʢූ߸෦̍Ϗοτʴࢦ਺෦̏ϏοτʴԾ਺෦̏Ϗοτʣ ࣮਺ͷදݱ
32. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ුಈখ਺఺ ਐه਺๏Ͱߟ͑ͯΈ·͢ɽɽɽ ܻ࢖͑Δͱ͖ ݻఆখ਺఺ͩͱ ʙ ුಈখ਺఺ʢԾ਺෦ܻʣͩͱ º ʙ º  º ʙ
    º  ࣮਺ͷදݱ
33. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ුಈখ਺఺ͷಛ௃ ʢ◯◯×◯） ࣮਺ͷදݱ 0.0 1.0×100 0.1×101 1.0×101 0.1×102 (10.0×100) 1.0×102 ◯.◯×102で表現できる数 ◯.◯×101で表現できる数 ◯.◯×100で表現できる数 (10.0×101) (10.0×102)
34. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ුಈখ਺఺ͷಛ௃ ͨͱ͑͹੔਺͸ 
    
    
    
    ɾɾɾ
    
    
    ɾɾɾ 9
    º
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    9
    º
     ͨͱ͑͹͸ 
    º
     ɼ 
    º
     ɼ 
    º
     ࣮਺ͷදݱ
35. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ුಈখ਺఺දݱʹ͓͚Δਖ਼نԽ ʴ̍ʗ̏ Λුಈখ਺఺Ͱදݱ͢Δͱ ʢූ߸෦̍Ϗοτʴࢦ਺෦̏ϏοτʴԾ਺෦̏Ϗοτʣ ʴ̍ʗ̏ ʹ ʴ̌ɽ̌̍̌ ʹ ʴ̌ɽ̌̍̌º̎̌ ʹ ʴ̌ɽ̌̍̌º̎̌̌̌ ̌̌̌̌̌̍̌ ʹ ʴ̌ɽ̍̌̍º̎ʵ̍ ʹ ʴ̌ɽ̍̌̍º̎̍̍̍
    ̌̍̍̍̍̌̍ ࣮਺ͷදݱ 正規化 有効桁数の増加
36. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ුಈখ਺఺දݱʹ͓͚Δਖ਼نԽ ʴ̍ʗ̏ Λුಈখ਺఺Ͱදݱ͢Δͱ ʢූ߸෦̍Ϗοτʴࢦ਺෦̏ϏοτʴԾ਺෦̏Ϗοτʣ ʴ̍ ʹ ʴ̍̌̌º̎̌̌̌ ʹ ʴ̌̍̌º̎̌̌̍ ʹ ʴ̌̌̍º̎̌̍̌ ʹ ʴ̍̌̌º̎̌̌̌ ʹ ʴ̍̌̌º̎̌̍̍
    ʹ ̌̌̍̍̍̌̌ ࣮਺ͷදݱ 正規化（選択） ゲタをはかせる
37. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ුಈখ਺఺ʹΑΔܭࢉ࣌ͷ໰୊ ͍ۙ஋ಉ࢜ͷݮࢉΛ͢Δͱɽɽɽ º
    ༗ޮܻ਺ܻ ʔʣº
    ༗ޮܻ਺ܻ º ʹº
    ༗ޮܻ਺ܻ ࣮਺ͷදݱ 桁落ち
38. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ුಈখ਺఺ʹΑΔܭࢉ࣌ͷ໰୊ ೋ࣍ํఔࣜͷղͷެࣜ Ͱ
    BD
    ͕ݶΓͳ͘ʹ͍ۙͱ খ͍͞ղΛٻΊΔͱ͖ ʢݶΓͳ͘Cʹ͍ۙ਺஋
    r
    Cʣͷܭࢉ͕ൃੜ ܻམ͕ͪൃੜ͠ɼղ͕ෆਖ਼֬ʹʂ ˞খ͍͞ղЌ͸ɼ େ͖͍ղЋΛٻΊ͔ͯΒ ͰٻΊΔ ࣮਺ͷදݱ x = −b± b2 − 4ac 2a 1 α c a
39. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ුಈখ਺఺ʹΑΔܭࢉ࣌ͷ໰୊ ઈର஋͕େ͖͘ҟͳΔ஋ͷՃݮࢉΛߦ͏ͱ   ʴ  Λ༗ޮܻ਺ܻͷਐ਺Ͱܭࢉ͢Δͱ º ʴʣº º ʴʣº º ࣮਺ͷදݱ 情報落ち
40. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ࣮਺ͷූ߸Խ ුಈখ਺఺ ܻམͪɼ৘ใམͪ ؙΊޡࠩͱଧͪ੾Γޡࠩ΋͋Δ ݻఆখ਺఺ʹൺ΂ɼ ѻ͑Δઈର஋ͷൣғ͸૿͑Δ͕ɼਫ਼౓͸མͪΔ ܭࢉॲཧ΋ෳࡶʹ଎౓΋஗͍ ར༻͢Δ਺஋ͷൣғ͕ݶΒΕɼ ਫ਼౓͕ٻΊΒΕΔܭࢉʹ͸ݻఆখ਺఺͕࢖ΘΕΔ ࣮਺ͷදݱ
41. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ࣮਺ͷޡࠩΛମݧͯ͠ΈΑ͏ʂ ࣮਺ͷදݱ   =IF(A1=B1,"◦","×")
42. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ࣮਺ͷޡࠩΛମݧͯ͠ΈΑ͏ʂ ࣮਺ͷදݱ    =400.2-400 =1305-1352     =130.5-135.2
43. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ޡ͕ࠩ͋Δͱ·͍ͣ৔໘͕͍Ζ͍Ζ͋Δ ۚ༥ܭࢉͳͲͰޡ͕ࠩग़ͨΒେมʂʂ ి୎Ͱ͸ͤΊͯɼ׺
    ͸
    
    ʹͳͬͯ΄͍͠ ेਐ਺ͷੈքΛγϛϡϨʔτ͢Δ ೋਐ਺ͷ໰୊͸ গ਺͸
    ɼ
      O
    ͷ࿨Ͱදݱ 
    
    
    ͳͲݱࣾձͰ༻͍ΒΕΔ جఈ਺͕ແݶখ਺ʹ༗ݶܻͰ͸ਖ਼֬ʹදݱͰ͖ͳ͍ʂ ޡࠩͷগͳ͍਺ͷදݱ
44. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ೋਐԽेਐදݱʢ#$%#JOBSZDPEFE
    EFDJNBMʣ ेਐه਺๏ͷ
    
    ܻΛ
    
    Ϗοτͷೋਐه਺๏Ͱදݱ ̌ ̌̌̌̌ ̍ ̌̌̌̍ ̎ ̌̌̍̌ ̏ ̌̌̍̍ ̐ ̌̍̌̌ ̑ ̌̍̌̍ ̒ ̌̍̍̌ ̓ ̌̍̍̍ ̔ ̍̌̌̌ ̕ ̍̌̌̍ ޡࠩͷগͳ͍਺ͷදݱ
45. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato κʔϯܗࣜ ेਐه਺๏ܻΛ ܻͷκʔϯϏοτͱܻͷ਺஋ϏοτͰදݱ ͨͩ͠ɼ࠷ޙͷܻ͸κʔϯϏοτͰ͸ͳ͘ɼූ߸Ϗοτ κʔϯϏοτ κʔϯϏοτɼ਺஋Ϗοτͱ͋ΘͤͯϏοτ͕ ͦͷ਺஋Λද͢จࣈͷίʔυϙΠϯτʹରԠ ූ߸Ϗοτ ·ܾͬͨ͘·Γ͕ͳ͍ ̐ɽ̏ ʹ
    
    
    
    
     b`
    b`
    ޡࠩͷগͳ͍਺ͷදݱ
46. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ύοΫܗࣜ ϏοτͰɼेਐج਺๏ʹΑΔܻͷ਺Λදݱ ࠷ޙͷϏοτ͸ූ߸Ϗοτʢਖ਼ɿɼෛɿʣ ̐ɽ̏̑ ʹ
    
    
    
    
    
     ʵ̎̍ɽ̏̏ ʹ
    
    
    
    ɽ
    
    
    
    
     ޡࠩͷগͳ͍਺ͷදݱ
47. by Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato © Naoki Kato ͓͠·͍ ਺ͷදݱ