TypeScript 関数型スタイルでバックエンド開発のリアル

TSKaigi 2024 のスライドです

Transcript

1. 5ZQF4DSJQU
   ؔ਺ܕελΠϧͰόοΫΤϯυ։ൃͷϦΞϧ גࣜձࣾ Ұٳ ҏ౻ ௚໵ 
   54,BJHJ
   
2. എܠ • Ҏલʹʮ5ZQF4DSJQU
   Λ࢖͍ؔ਺ܕϓϩάϥϛϯάدΓͷ࣮૷Ͱɺ৯ళ޲͚ۀ຿γεςϜ 4BB4
   ͷ όοΫΤϯυΛ։ൃ͍ͯ͠Δʯͱ͍͏ൃදΛߦ͍·ͨ͠ • ʮؔ਺ܕɺܕΛ࢖͍ͬͯ͘ͷ͸෼͔ΔɻͨͩɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯશମͷߏ੒ͷΠϝʔδ͕෸͔ͳ͍ʯͱ ͍͏࣭໰ΛΑ͍͖ͨͩ͘·͢ • ैདྷͷ࣮૷ͱͲ͏ҧ͏͔ ҧΘͳ͍͔
   ʹ͍ͭͯɺ͓࿩͠·͢ υϝΠϯϨΠϠʔҎ֎͸ͦΕ΄ͲมΘΒͳ͍ υϝΠϯϨΠϠʔ΋ɺ੔ཧͷ࢓ํ͸ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ͷͱ͖ͱߟ͑ํ͸ಉ͡Ͱ͢
3. %PNBJO
   .PEFMJOH
   .BEF
   'VODUJPOBM
4. υϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτΛܕͰදݱ͢Δɻ6OJPO
   ܕΛੵۃར༻ͯ͠ෆඞཁͳঢ়ଶΛදݱ͠ͳ͍ υϝΠϯΠϕϯτʹΑΔΦϒδΣΫτͷঢ়ଶભҠ͸ؔ਺ద༻ https://www.slideshare.net/ScottWlaschin/domain-modeling-made-functional-kandddinsky-2019
5. ͳ͓ɺॻ੶ͦͷ௨Γʹ͸΍͍ͬͯͳ͍ • υϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτΛܕͰදݱ͢Δ ˠ
   ͍͍Ͷ • ΤϥʔʹΑΔ෼ذ͸ 3FTVMU
   ܕͰѻ͍ɺΤϥʔॲཧΛ໌ࣔతʹ͢Δ ˠ ͍͍Ͷ • XPSLGMPX
   ʹ௚઀υϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτΛఆٛ͢Δ τϥϯβΫγϣϯεΫϦϓτ
   
   3FQPTJUPSZ
   ύλʔϯ͸ཁΒͳ͍ ˠ
   ͳͥ
   🤔 ࢀߟʹ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍
6. 5ZQF4DSJQU
   ͰɺͲΜͳελΠϧͰ࣮૷͍ͯ͠Δ͔ • υϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτ͸ܕͰߏ଄Λఆٛ͢Δ – DMBTT
   Ͱ͸ͳ͘ JOUFSGBDF • ΦϒδΣΫτͷมߋ͸ʮؔ਺ద༻ʹΑΔঢ়ଶભҠʯͱͯ͠Πϛϡʔλϒϧʹ͢Δ – ʮΦϒδΣΫτͷ಺෦ঢ়ଶͷॻ͖׵໋͑ྩʯͰ͸ͳ͘ʮؔ਺ద༻ ࣸ૾
   ʹΑΓঢ়ଶΛҠ͢ʯ • ۩ମతͳϢʔεέʔε͸ XPSLGMPX
   ͱ࣮ͯ͠૷ – ೖྗ஋ͱυϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτ͕υϝΠϯΠϕϯτʹ൐͍৽͍͠ঢ়ଶʹભҠɻͦͷաఔΛܕͰఆٛ – ঢ়ଶભҠʹ͸ࣦഊ Τϥʔ
   ͕൐͏ɻ໭Γೳ͍Λ 3FTVMU
   ʹ͠ʮ3FTVMU
   Λฦؔ͢਺ͷ߹੒ʯͰϑϩʔΛߏ੒ – 3FTVMU
   ͸ඪ४ʹͳ͍ͷͰ OFWFSUISPX
   Λར༻ ಥ͖٧ΊΔͱɺ͕ؔ͜͜ ਺ܕϓϩάϥϛϯά
7. υϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτ͸ܕͰఆٛ͢Δ export interface Customer { id: CustomerId groupId: RestaurantGroupId name: CustomerName nameKana: CustomerNameKana | null nickname: CustomerNickname | null gender: Gender smoking: SmokingType memo: CustomerMemo | null archived: boolean phoneNumbers: CustomerPhoneNumber[] workplaces: CustomerWorkplace[] restaurantContexts: CustomerRestaurantContext[] emails: CustomerEmail[] events: CustomerEvent[] tagIds: TagId[] allergyIds: AllergyId[] }
8. 6OJPOܕΛੵۃతʹར༻͢Δ export type Reservation = DirectReservation | SiteReservation interface _Reservation { id: ReservationId restaurantId: RestaurantId type: ReservationType events: ReservationEvent[] customerIds: CustomerId[] confirmStatus: Confirmed | Unconfirmed operationStatus: BuiltInOperationStatus | CustomOperationStatus orders: Order[] } export interface DirectReservation extends _Reservation { type: 'Direct' events: DirectReservationEvent[] } export interface SiteReservation extends _Reservation { type: 'Site' events: ReservationEvent[] }
9. ஋ΦϒδΣΫτ // Nominal な型 export type CustomerId = newtype<'CustomerId', string> declare const __newtype: unique symbol; export type newtype<Constructor, Type> = Type & { readonly [__newtype]: Constructor; };
10. ஋ΦϒδΣΫτ͸ίϯετϥΫλͰੜ੒ 
    ࣦഊ͸ 3FTVMU
    Ͱฦ͢ export type Color = newtype<'Color', string> export function Color(value: string): Result<Color, ValidationError> { return /^#[0-9a-f]{3}([0-9a-f]{3})?$/i.test(value) ? ok(value as Color) : err(new ValidationError('色の値が不正です。#FFFFFF形式で指定してください')) }
11. ΦϒδΣΫτͷมߋ͸ʮؔ਺ద༻ʹΑΔঢ়ଶભҠʯͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͢Δ ͋Δঢ়ଶ T
    ʹؔ਺ G
    Λద༻ͯ͠ɺผͷঢ়ଶ T
    ΛಘΔ // 顧客をアーカイブ状態にする export const archiveCustomer = (customer: Customer): Customer => ({ ...customer, archived: true, })) 𝑠 𝑠′ 𝑓
12. customer.archive() const archived = archiveCustomer(customer) • ໋ྩతʹॻ͘ – ΦϒδΣΫτͷ಺෦ঢ়ଶΛॻ͖׵͑Δ໋ྩΛߦ͏͜ͱͰɺঢ়ଶΛมԽͤ͞Δ – ঢ়ଶͷมԽ͕҉໧త uuu
    ໭Γ஋͕ͳ͍ • ؔ਺తʹॻ͘ – Ҿ਺ͷΦϒδΣΫτʹؔ਺Λద༻ͯ͠ɺঢ়ଶભҠޙͷΦϒδΣΫτΛಘΔ – ঢ়ଶͷมԽ͕໌ࣔత uuu ભҠલͷঢ়ଶ͸ඞͣҾ਺ʹݱΕɺભҠޙͷঢ়ଶ͸໭Γ஋ʹݱΕΔ
13. Ϣʔεέʔε͸ XPSLGMPX
    ͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͢Δ 3FTVMU
    Λฦؔ͢਺Λ߹੒ͯ͠ҰຊಓͷॲཧϑϩʔΛ࡞Δ 3BJMXBZ
    0SJFOUFE
    1SPHSBNNJOH https://fsharpforfunandprofit.com/rop/
14. ϫʔΫϑϩʔͷͱ͋Δαϒεςοϓ uuu ࣦഊͱͷ෼ذ͸ 3FTVMU
    Ͱදݱ // 予約リクエストから来店者情報を抽出 type extractActualVisitor = (command: SiteReservationValidated) => Result<VisitorExtracted, ValidationError> const extractActualVisitor: extractActualVisitor = (command) => ok(command.input.reservationEvent.siteReservation.guest) .andThen(ReservationGuest) .map(choiceActualVisitor) .map((visitor) => ({ ...command, kind: 'VisitorExtracted' as const, visitor: visitor, }))
15. ϫʔΫϑϩʔʹ͓͚Δঢ়ଶભҠΛܕͰఆٛ͢Δ interface UnvalidatedCommand { kind: 'Unvalidated' input: { groupId: RestaurantGroupId reservationEvent: UnvalidatedSiteReservationEvent } } interface SiteReservationValidated { kind: 'SiteReservationValidated' input: { groupId: RestaurantGroupId reservationEvent: ValidatedSiteReservationEvent } } interface VisitorExtracted { kind: 'VisitorExtracted' input: { groupId: RestaurantGroupId reservationEvent: ValidatedSiteReservationEvent } visitor: Visitor | ReservationHolder } interface CustomerNotIdentified { kind: 'CustomerNotIdentified' input: { groupId: RestaurantGroupId visitor: Visitor | ReservationHolder customer: ValidatedCustomer reservationEvent: ValidatedSiteReservationEvent } } interface CustomerIdentified { kind: 'CustomerIdentified' input: { groupId: RestaurantGroupId visitor: Visitor | ReservationHolder customer: IdentifiedCustomer reservationEvent: ValidatedSiteReservationEvent } } ... interface SiteReservationEventImported { kind: 'SiteReservationEventImported' reservation: CreatedReservation customer: CreatedCustomer | UnchangedCustomer | UpdatedCustomer }
16. Ұ࿈ͷαϒεςοϓΛ߹੒͠ϫʔΫϑϩʔ Ϣʔεέʔε
    Λߏ੒͢Δ type WorkFlow = (command: UnvalidatedCommand) => ResultAsync<ImportSiteReservationEvent[], ImportSiteReservationError> export const importReservationEventWorkFlow = ( findIdenticalCustomer: findIdenticalCustomer, // ドメンサービスを高階関数としてDI findReservationSlotsByTableAllocations: findReservationSlotsByTableAllocations, findBestTablesForAssignedTable: findBestTablesForAssignedTable ): WorkFlow => (command) => ok(command) .andThen(validateReservationEvent) // バリデーション .andThen(extractActualVisitor) // 来店者情報の抽出 .asyncAndThen(identifyCustomer(findIdenticalCustomer)) // 名寄せ .andThen((command) => { switch (command.kind) { case 'CustomerIdentified': return updateCustomer(command) // 顧客の更新 case 'CustomerNotIdentified': return createNewCustomer(command) // 新規顧客の作成 } }) .andThen(importReservationEvent(findBestTablesForAssignedTable, isOverlappingWithOtherReservations) .andThen(findAffectedReservationSlots(findReservationSlotsByTableAllocations)
17. ϫʔΫϑϩʔΛ (SBQI2-
    NVUBUJPO
    ͔Βݺͼ *0
    ͰαϯυΠον͢Δ builder.mutationField('updateTablePattern', (t) => t.field({ type: UpdateTablePatternPayload, args: { patternId: t.arg({ type: 'UUID', description: 'テーブルパターンID' }), input: t.arg({ type: TablePatternInput }), }, authScopes: (_parent, { patternId }, context) => canUpdateTablePattern(context, patternId), resolve: (_parent, { patternId, input }, context) => { // ドメインサービスを DI してワークフローを作る const workflow = updateTablePatternWorkFlow(checkTablePatternExists(context)) const preprocess = ok(patternId) .andThen(TablePatternId) .asyncAndThen(getTablePatternById(context)) .map((pattern) => toUnvalidatedCommand({ input, pattern })) const result = preprocess.andThen(workflow).andThen(updateTablePattern(context)) return result.match( (pattern) => ({ pattern }), (error) => { throw error }, ) }, }), ) σʔλऔಘ σʔλอଘ ߋ৽
18. σʔλϕʔε *0
    ͸ 3FQPTJUPSZ
    ύλʔϯ ͨͩͨͩ͠ͷؔ਺
    export const findTagById = ({ prisma }: applicationContext) => (id: TagId): ResultAsync<Tag | null, ValidationError | PrismaClientError> => ResultAsync.fromPromise( prisma.tag.findUnique({ where: { id } }), PrismaClientError, ).andThen((tag) => (tag ? Tag(tag) : ok(null))) export const getTagById = (context: applicationContext) => (id: TagId): ResultAsync<Tag, EntityNotFound | ValidationError | PrismaClientError> => findTagById(context)(id).andThen((tag) => tag ? ok(tag) : err(new EntityNotFound(`タグがみつかりません: ${id}`)), ) export const createTag = ({ prisma }: applicationContext) => (model: CreatedTag): ResultAsync<TagData, PrismaClientError> => { const { kind: _, ...tag } = model const icon = toIconData(tag.icon) return ResultAsync.fromPromise( prisma.tag.create({ data: { ...tag, ...icon, }, }), PrismaClientError, ) }
19. ؔ਺ܕελΠϧͰ΍ͬͯΔͷ͸ओʹυϝΠϯ૚ɻͦΕҎ֎͸ैདྷ௨Γͷ࡞Γ (input, model) -> Result(model,Error) *0 JOQVU
    MPBE *0 TBWF
20. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/pipeline-oriented-programming/250490001
21. *0
    ˠ
    υϝΠϯ૚ υϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτͷঢ়ଶભҠ
    ˠ
    *0 • Ϣʔβʔ͔Βͷೖྗɺσʔλϕʔε͔ΒͷΦϒδΣΫτͷऔಘɺอଘΛ੍ޚ͢Δͷ͸ (SBQI2-
    NVUBUJPO • σʔλϕʔε͔ΒͷΦϒδΣΫτͷऔಘɺอଘ͸ 3FQPTJUPSZ
    uuu ͕͜͜ *0
    ڥք • ೖྗͱυϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτΛʮίϚϯυΦϒδΣΫτʯʹ·ͱΊͯʮϫʔΫϑϩʔʯʹྲྀ͠ࠐΉɻ͜ ͔͜Βઌ͕ɺυϝΠϯϨΠϠʔ • ϫʔΫϑϩʔ͔Βग़͖ͯͨυϝΠϯΠϕϯτ యܕతʹ͸ঢ়ଶભҠࡁΈͷυϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτͷอଘ
    Λݩʹग़ྗͷ *0
    Λ࣮ߦ
22. γεςϜશମͷ࣮૷͸ɺैདྷͷ࣮૷͔ΒͦΕ΄ͲมΘΒͳ͍ • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯશମ͸͜Ε·Ͱ௨ΓͷΦχΦϯΞʔΩςΫνϟʔ • υϝΠϯϨΠϠʔ͸ؔ਺ܕͱ͍ͬͯ΋ϙΠϯτ͸ओʹͭͷΈ – ΦϒδΣΫτͷߏ଄Λܕ JOUFSGBDF
    Ͱදݱ͢Δ – ΦϒδΣΫτͷมߋΛɺؔ਺ద༻
    ঢ়ଶભҠͰΠϛϡʔλϒϧ໌ࣔతʹදݱ͢Δ – ࣦഊͷ෼ذ Τϥʔ
    ͸ 3FTVMU
    Ͱදݱ͢Δ • ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲Ͱ΍͍ͬͯͨͱ͖ͱɺγεςϜΛ੔ཧ͢Δߟ͑ํมΘͬͯͳ͍ – υϝΠϯϞσϦϯάΛͯ͠ɺू໿ɺΤϯςΟςΟɺ஋ΦϒδΣΫτʹ੔ཧ͠ߏ଄Խ͢Δ – ΦϒδΣΫτͷܕఆٛͱಉ͡ϑΝΠϧɺۙ͘ʹͦͷΦϒδΣΫτʹద༻͢Δؔ਺͕͋Δ
23. ͳͥυϝΠϯϨΠϠʔΛؔ਺ܕελΠϧʹ͍ͨ͠ͷ͔ • ܕΛ༗ޮʹར༻͍ͨ͠ – ੩తݕࠪʹد͍ͤͯ͘ͱʮಈ͔͞ͳ͍ͱ෼͔Βͳ͍͜ͱʯ͕ݮΔ – υϝΠϯ૚ʹ͓͍ͯʮෆඞཁͳঢ়ଶଘࡏʯΛݮΒ͢ͱݎ࿚ʹͳΔ uuu 6OJPO
    ܕΛੵۃར༻͍ͨ͠ • ΦϒδΣΫτͷมߋΛʮؔ਺ద༻ʹΑΔঢ়ଶભҠʯʹ͢ΔͱܕΛهड़͠΍͍͢ – ঢ়ଶભҠલɺޙͷΦϒδΣΫτ͕ؔ਺ͷҾ਺ͱ໭Γ஋ʹදΕΔ • ࣦഊʹΑΔ෼ذ uuu ͭ·ΓΤϥʔॲཧ΋ܕͰѻ͍͍ͨɻ3FTVMU
    ܕ – Τϥʔέʔε͕ᐆດʹͳΔͷ͸ɺۀ຿γεςϜͰ͸ා͍ ͭ·Γɺ໨త͸ʮؔ਺ܕϓϩάϥϛϯάΛ͢Δ͜ͱʯͰ͸ͳ͘ ʮܕɺ੩తݕࠪΛΑΓੵۃతʹར༻͍ͨ͠ʯͱ͜Ζʹ͋Γ·͢
24. ؔ਺ܕελΠϧΛར༻͍ͨͨ͠Ίͷɺ*0
    ෼཭ uuu ΦχΦϯΞʔΩςΫνϟ • *0
    ґଘ͕͋Δͱ͔ͦ͜ΒҶͮΔࣜతʹखଓ͖త ໋ྩత
    ʹͳΓ΍͍͢ • υϝΠϯϨΠϠʔΛ *0
    ͱ෼཭͢Δ͜ͱͰɺυϝΠϯϨΠϠʔΛؔ਺ܕελΠϧʹ͢Δ༨஍͕ੜ·ΕΔ • ͦͷͨΊͷΦχΦϯΞʔΩςΫνϟ – υϝΠϯϩδοΫͷ్தͰ *0
    ͕͋Δ৔߹͸ߴ֊ؔ਺ʹΑΔ %*
    Λߦ͍ɺϫʔΫϑϩʔࣗମ͸७ਮؔ਺Λҡ࣋͢Δ • ݁ՌɺυϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτ͸෭࡞༻Λ൐Θͳ͍७ਮͳΦϒδΣΫτ΍ؔ਺ͱͳΓɺܕͰͷදݱ͕༰қ ʹͳΔ
25. ໘౗ͳͱ͜Ζ uuu 3FTVMU
    ܕύζϧ export const Tag = (input: TagInput): Result<Tag, ValidationError> => { const tagId = TagId(input.id) const groupId = RestaurantGroupId(input.groupId) const label = TagLabel(input.label) const icon = input.icon && input.iconType ? TagIcon({ symbol: input.icon, type: input.iconType, color: input.color, }) : ok(NoIcon()) const sortOrder = FractionalIndex(input.sortOrder) const values = Result.combine(tuple(tagId, groupId, label, icon, sortOrder)) return values.map(([id, groupId, label, icon, sortOrder]) => ({ ...input, id, groupId, label, icon, sortOrder, })) } ஋͕͍͍ͩͨ
    3FTVMU
    ʹೖ͍ͬͯΔ ͨΊɺෳ਺
    3FTVMU
    ͕͋Δͱ߹੒͠ ͯϑϥοτʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ໘౗ ͳ࡞ۀʹͳͬͯ͘Δ ݎ࿚Ͱ͸͋Δ
26. ʮίϯςφʹೖͬͨจ຺͖ͭͷ஋ʯΛѻ͏ɺ૊ΈࠐΈͷػೳ͕͋ΔݴޠͳΒuuu ͜ͷखͷػߏ͕͋Ε͹ೝ஌ෛՙ௿࣮͘૷Ͱ͖Δ͕ɺ࢒೦ͳ͕Β 5ZQF4DSJQU
    ʹ͸ͳ͍ makeTagId :: String -> Either ValidationError TagId makeTagId tagId | null tagId = Left (ValidationError "tagId is empty") | otherwise = Right (TagId tagId) makeTag :: String -> String -> Int -> Either ValidationError Tag makeTag id gid order = do tagId <- makeTagId id groupId <- makeGroupId gid sortOrder <- makeSortOder order return (Tag tagId groupId sortOrder) )BTLFMM ྫ͑͹Ϟφυʹ͸ɺೖΕࢠʹ ͳͬͨίʔυΛฏୱԽ͢Δޮ༻ ͕͋Δ
27. ໋ྩͱ 3FTVMU const result = ok(command).asyncAndThen(({ date, restaurantIds }) => { const results = [] for (const restaurantId of restaurantIds) { const task = { restaurantId, date, } const result = ok(task) .asyncAndThen(sender) .mapErr((error) => ({ restaurantId, error })) results.push(result) } return ResultAsync.combineWithAllErrors(results) }) ໋ྩతͳ࣮૷Ͱෳ਺ͷ 3FTVMU
    ͕བྷΜͰ͘Δͱɺύζϧײ
28. ໋ྩతʹॻ͍ͨํ͕͍͍ॴ͸खଓ͖Ͱॻ͖ GSPN5ISPXBCMF
    
    GSPN1SPNJTF
    ͰแΉ export const sendTask = <T>({ project, queue, location, url, serviceAccountEmail }: CloudTasksClientConfig) => (body: T) => { const parent = client.queuePath(project, location, queue) const task: google.cloud.tasks.v2.ITask = { httpRequest: { headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', }, httpMethod: 'POST' as const, url, body: Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(body)).toString('base64'), oidcToken: { serviceAccountEmail, }, }, } return fromPromise( client.createTask({ parent, task }), (error) => new NetworkError(error as string, { cause: error }), ) } ίϯϐϡʔλ΁ͷ໋ྩͳͷ͔ͩ Βɺૉ௚ʹखଓ͖Ͱॻ͚͹ྑ͍
29. ΍ͬͯΈͯɺ࣮ࡍͲ͏ • ैདྷͷ։ൃΑΓ΋ɺݎ࿚ʹͳͬͨͱࢥ͏ – ӡ༻ظؒ ೥΄Ͳɻෆ۩߹ʹΑΔো֐͕গͳ͍ɻίʔυͷܦ೥ྼԽ΋཈͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔ – ୹ظతͳ։ൃεϐʔυʹ͸ྑ͘΋ѱ͘΋Өڹ͸ͳ͍ ଎͘ͳͬͨɺͱ͔͸ͳ͍
    
    3FTVMU
    ύζϧ͸໘౗ • Τϥʔͷॲཧ࿙Ε 
    ૝ఆ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ঢ়ଶʹΑΔෆ۩߹͕গͳ͍ɻܕ΍ 3FTVMU
    ͰݻΊ͍ͯΔޮ༻ – ӡ༻͍ͯͯͦ͠͏͍͏όά͕ग़Δ͜ͱ͸رɻόά͕ग़Δͷ͸ཁ݅ఆٛࣗମͷؒҧ͍΍ɺ࢓༷ͷߟྀ࿙Ε • Ϣχοτςετ͸ैདྷ։ൃΑΓݮͬͨ – ܕͰอূͰ͖ΔྖҬ͕֦͕ͬͨ͜ͱʹΑΓςετͰͷอূ͕ෆཁʹͳΔ͜ͱ͸ଟ͍ – ΋ͪΖΜ͢΂ͯΛܕͰอূͰ͖ͨΓ͠ͳ͍ͷͰɺϢχοτςετ͸ॻ͘ • ΦϯϘʔσΟϯάେม – υϝΠϯϨΠϠʔͷ࣮૷ʹؔͯ͠ΑΓஸೡͳΦϯϘʔσΟϯά͕ඞཁɻ৽͍͠։ൃऀ͕ࢀը͙ͯ͢͠͸ίʔυϨϏϡʔΛްΊʹͯ͠ ͍Δ – ࠷ॳ͸ 3FTVMU
    ܕΛෳࡶʹ͕ͪ͠ 😂
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