Republic to Empire

Transcript

1. Roman  Art:     From  Republic  to  Empire   Reading:   Stokstad,  166-­‐176     Range:   510  BCE-­‐14  CE   Republic  and  Imperial     Terms/Concepts:   La?um,  republic,  senate,   verism,  patrician,  plebian,   oligarchy,  triumvirate,     Augustus,  princeps,  ara,   suovetauralia,     Key  Monuments:     6-­‐14,  Patrician  Carrying  Two   Portrait  Heads,  Roman   Empire,  c.  late  1st  century   BCE  or  early  1st  century  CE.       6-­‐15,  Portrait  of  Aulus   Metellus  (“the  Orator”),   Roman  Republican,  early  1st   century  BCE     6-­‐19,  The  Augustus   Primaporta,  Roman   Imperial,  1st  century  CE     6-­‐20,  Ara  Pacis  Augustae   (Altar  of  Augustan  Peace).   Roman  Empire  13-­‐9  BCE.    
2. ★Rome is known fundamentally as an urban civilization
3. Founda?on  Myth:  Romulus  and  Remus  
9. “For  whenever  one  of  the  leading  men  amongst  [the   Romans]  dies….they  place  a  likeness  of  the  dead   man  in  the  most  public  part  of  the  house,  keeping  it   in  a  small  wooden  shrine.    The  likeness  is  a  mask   especially  made  for  a  close  resemblance…And   whenever  a  leading  member  of  the  family  dies,  they   introduce  [the  wax  masks],  into  the  funeral   procession,  pu[ng  them  on  men  who  seem  most   like  them  in  height  and  as  regards  the  rest  of  their   general  appearance….It  is  not  easy  for  an  ambi?ous   and  high-­‐minded  young  man  to  see  a  finer  spectacle   than  this.    For  those  who  would  not  be  won  over  at   the  sight  of  all  the  masks  together  of  those  men  who   had  been  extolled  for  virtue  as  if  they  were  alive  and   breathing.”  –Polybius  (History  of  Rome)    
12. Jean-Léon Gérôme. The Death of Caesar. 1859-67. Oil on canvas, 2`4z x 4`11z. Walters Art Museum, Baltimore.
24. Campus  Mar?us  
25. Augustus of Primaporta. Copy of a bronze original of c.20 BCE. Marble, height 6`8z. Vatican Museums, Rome. (Stokstad 6-18)
37. Whether  a  man  aspires  to  the  prize  of  Olympia's  palm  and  breed   horses,  or  rears  bullocks,  strong  for  the  plough,  let  his  chief  care  be   to  choose  the  mold  of  the  dams.  The  best-­‐formed  cow  is  fierce-­‐ looking,  her  head  ugly,  her  neck  thick,  and  her  dewlaps  hanging   down  from  chin  to  legs.  Moreover,  her  long  flank  has  no  limit;  all   points  are  large,  even  the  feet;  and  under  the  crooked  horns  are   shaggy  ears.  Nor  should  I  dislike  one  marked  with  white  spots,  or   impa?ent  of  the  yoke,  at  ?mes  fierce  with  the  horn,  and  more  like  a   bull  in  face;  tall  throughout,  and  she  steps  sweeping  her  footprints   with  the  tail's  ?p.  The  age  to  bear  motherhood  and  lawful  wedlock   ends  before  the  tenth  year,  and  begins  ader  the  fourth;  the  rest  of   their  life  is  neither  fit  for  breeding  nor  strong  for  the  plough.   Mean?me,  while  lusty  youth  s?ll  abides  in  the  herds,  let  loose  the   males;  be  first  to  send  your  caele  to  mate,  and  supply  stock  ader   stock  by  breeding.  Life's  fairest  days  are  ever  the  first  to  flee  for   hapless  mortals;  on  creep  diseases,  and  sad  age,  and  suffering;  and   stern  death's  ruthlessness  sweeps  away  its  prey.   -­‐-­‐Virgil,  The  Georgics  
41. Oikoumene