Roman Architecture

Lecture given October 11, 2012.

Transcript

1. !"#$%&'()*&'(+,-).+)/(.&
   !"#$%&'()
   *+,-.+#$0&1234155&
   &
   !#&'"()
   677&89:4;77&9:&
   !,/#&)!"0123%4#&5)!,/#&)6/0"7%#3)
   &
   8"7/.9:,&4"0+.()
   $<-$=0&$>/.?/+)0&$(+,0&$(+$?.0&@$/=)0&
   A.BC)"%.0&D$((.=&@$/=)0&E("-%&@$/=)0&
   @"/CC"-(C0&CF$%?(.=C0&.%E$E.?&
   +"=/#%0&?"(-+0&-"%-+0&+"(-%),-$%0&
   $+$%),/C0&D$C-=-+$0&+$=?.(-/#0&
   G(-E-?$(-/#0&).F-?$(-/#0&D(.$?&$%?&
   +-(+/C.C0&F$=$.C)($H&
   ;,&1/"&+)<%.+()
   !  24120&I.#F=.0&F.(,$FC&?.?-+$).?&
   )"&J"()/%/CH&!"#$%&!.F/D=-+0&
   K$).&C.+"%?&+.%)/(B&89:H&&
   !  JEH&1560&J"%)&?/&L$(?0&MN#.C&
   OP($%+.QH&&R#F.(-$=&!"#$%0&K$).&
   S(C)&+.%)/(B&89:H&&
   !  24TU0&P=$@-$%&'#F,-),.$).(&O),.&
   9"=-C./#QH&R#F.(-$=&!"#$%0&57437&
   9:H&&
   !  24TV0&'F"=="?"(/C&"G&W$#$C+/CH&&
   P"(/#&"G&I($X$%0&R#F.(-$=&!"#$%0&
   +H&116&9:H&
   !  24UU0&8$),C&"G&9$($+$==$0&!"#.0&
   R#F.(-$=&!"#$%0&+H611&9:H&
   &
   

   View Slide

2. !Rome is known fundamentally as an urban civilization
   Y"?.=&"G&),.&9-)B&"G&R#F.(-$=&!"#.&
   !"#$%&'"(')*+',"--+##'
   ."/$0'1#)234-'5+4)678'59''
   

   View Slide

3. 6-16, Temple (perhaps dedicated to Portunus) In the
   Cattle Market, Rome. Late second century BCE.
   

   View Slide

4. Seen from rear.
   6-16, Temple (perhaps dedicated to Portunus) In the
   Cattle Market, Rome. Late second century BCE.
   

   View Slide

5. 6-16, Temple (perhaps dedicated to Portunus) In the
   Cattle Market, Rome. Late second century BCE.
   

   View Slide

6. 6-3, Reconstruction of an Etruscan
   temple, according to description by
   Vitruvius.
   5-31, Iktinos and Kallikrates. The
   Parthenon (seen from northwest).
   Athens, Greece. 447-438 BCE.
   

   View Slide

7. 6-3, Reconstruction of an
   Etruscan temple, according
   to description by Vitruvius.
   5-31, Iktinos and
   Kallikrates. The Parthenon
   Athens, Greece, 447-438
   BCE.
   6-16, Temple, perhaps
   dedicated to Portunus, In the
   Cattle Market, Rome. Late 2nd
   century BCE
   

   View Slide

8. Nîmes
   

   View Slide

9. Pg. 172, Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late
   first century BCE.
   Z &'>/.?/+)*&'%&$([S+-$=&+,$%%.=&G"(&)($%CF"([%E&\$).(&G("#&$&?-C)$%)&C"/(+.&
   :$)+7'
   

   View Slide

10. 177&E$=="%C&F.(&F.(C"%&
    T7&Y-=.C&M"(),&
    9,$%%.=&\"/=?&,$@.&D..%&+"@.(.?&)"&F(.@.%)&
    ,.$[%E&$%?&+"%)$#-%$["%&
    Pg. 172, Water Channel, Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France).
    Late first century BCE.
    

    View Slide

11. Pg. 172, Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late first
    century BCE.
    

    View Slide

12. ]+$^"=?-%E&/C.?&G"(&
    +"%C)(/+["%&$%?&(.F$-(H&
    Pg. 172, Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late first
    century BCE.
    

    View Slide

13. •  Voussoir: A wedge-
    shaped block used in
    the construction of an
    arch
    •  The central voussoir is
    the keystone
    

    View Slide

14. I,.&?-C)(-D/["%&"G&\.-E,)&"%&$%&$(+$?.H&
    

    View Slide

15. P=$@-$%&'#F-),.$).(&56437&9:&
    I-)/C&"&5V437&9:&
    _.CF$C-$%&"&2V45V&9:&
    

    View Slide

16. `/D.()&!"D.()0&I,.&P-(.&"G&!"#.&13&a/=B&2;&'W0&15VUH&
    bM.("&S??=.?&\,-=.&!"#.&D/(%.?c&
    

    View Slide

17. View Slide

18. Doric
    Ionic
    Corinthian
    24TU0&P=$@-$%&'#F,-),.$).(&O9"=-C./#Q0&!"#.0&56437&89:H&&
    Engaged columns
    !:%E$E.?&+"=/#%C&"%=B&E-@.&),.&-#F(.CC-"%&"G&
    C/FF"()H&&I,.&$(+$?.C&+"/=?&C/FF"()&),.#C.=@.CH&
    

    View Slide

19. :<).%C-@.&>/$((B-%E&"G&),.&G$d$?.H&&
    24TU0&P=$@-$%&'#F,-),.$).(&O9"=-C./#Q0&!"#.0&56437&89:H&&
    

    View Slide

20. Diagram of an arch Diagram of a barrel vault
    _$/=)C&C/FF"().?&),.&C.$)C&$%?&C/DC)(/+)/(.&"G&
    ),.&9"=-C./#H&
    

    View Slide

21. 8$((.=&_$/=)& W-$E($#&"G&8$((.=&_$/=)&
    24TU0&P=$@-$%&'#F,-),.$).(&O9"=-C./#Q0&!"#.0&56437&89:H&&
    

    View Slide

22. Diagram of a barrel vault Diagram of a groin vault
    L("-%&@$/=)C&$(.&)\"&+("CC.?&D$((.=&@$/=)CH&
    

    View Slide

23. L("-%&_$/=)&
    W-$E($#&"G&$&L("-%&_$/=)&
    24TU0&P=$@-$%&'#F,-),.$).(&O9"=-C./#Q0&!"#.0&56437&89:H&&
    

    View Slide

24. 24TU0&P=$@-$%&'#F,-),.$).(&O9"=-C./#Q0&!"#.0&56437&89:H&&
    

    View Slide

25. "Inaugural festivities by Emperor Titus: 100 days, in which
    9,000 animals and 2,000 gladiators were killed.
    24TU0&P=$@-$%&'#F,-),.$).(&O9"=-C./#Q0&!"#.0&56437&89:H&&
    

    View Slide

26. 24TU0&P=$@-$%&
    '#F,-),.$).(&
    O9"=-C./#Q0&!"#.0&
    56437&89:H&&
    

    View Slide

27. L=$?-$)"(-$=&:%).()$-%#.%)C0&be=-).%&Y"C$-+c0&W$(&8/+&
    '##.($&_-==$0&e=-).%0&K-DB$0&+H&D.G"(.&37&9:&
    

    View Slide

28. L=$?-$)"(-$=&:%).()$-%#.%)C0&be=-).%&Y"C$-+c0&W$(&8/+&
    '##.($&_-==$0&e=-).%0&K-DB$0&+H&D.G"(.&37&9:&
    Y/C-+-$%C&$%?&9"C)/#.?&J.(G"(#.(C&
    

    View Slide

29. L=$?-$)"(-$=&:%).()$-%#.%)C0&be=-).%&Y"C$-+c0&W$(&8/+&
    '##.($&_-==$0&e=-).%0&K-DB$0&+H&D.G"(.&37&9:&
    L=$?-$)"(&@CH&L=$?-$)"(&
    

    View Slide

30. L=$?-$)"(-$=&:%).()$-%#.%)C0&be=-).%&Y"C$-+c0&W$(&8/+&
    '##.($&_-==$0&e=-).%0&K-DB$0&+H&D.G"(.&37&9:&
    L=$?-$)"(&@CH&8.$C)&
    

    View Slide

31. L=$?-$)"(-$=&:%).()$-%#.%)C0&be=-).%&Y"C$-+c0&W$(&8/+&
    '##.($&_-==$0&e=-).%0&K-DB$0&+H&D.G"(.&37&9:&
    8.$C)&@CH&8.$C)&
    

    View Slide

32. ! 37&.<-)C&)"&$++"##"?$).&U70777&CF.+)$)"(C&&
    24TU0&P=$@-$%&'#F,-),.$).(&O9"=-C./#Q0&!"#.0&56437&89:H&&
    

    View Slide

33. P"(/#&"G&I($X$%&
    I($X$%&"&V34115&9:&
    ;$&%$'
    ."/+'
    

    View Slide

34. <"76/'"('=7$>$4'
    

    View Slide

35. 6-39, Apollodorus of Damascus. Forum of Trajan,
    (reconstruction), Dedicated in 112 CE.
    =+/?@+')"')*+';%A%4+'=7$>$4'
    5"@6/4'"('=7$>$4'
    B%C7$7%+#'
    D$#%@%&$'E@?%$'
    !''$''7''F''+'')''#'
    B"4G%)6-%4$@'HI%#'
    

    View Slide

36. 24TV0&'F"=="?"(/C&"G&W$#$C+/C0&P"(/#&"G&
    I($X$%&OY"?.=Q0&+H&115&9:H&
    

    View Slide

37. 24TV0&'F"=="?"(/C&"G&W$#$C+/C0&:%)($%+.&)"&),.&
    8$C-=-+$&f=F-$0&P"(/#&"G&I($X$%0&+H&115&9:H&
    

    View Slide

38. 24TV0&'F"=="?"(/C&"G&W$#$C+/C0&8$C-=-+$&f=F-$0&P"(/#&"G&
    I($X$%0&+H&115&9:H&
    

    View Slide

39. 24TV0&'F"=="?"(/C&"G&W$#$C+/C0&Y$(A.)C0&P"(/#&"G&
    I($X$%0&+H&115&9:H&
    gY.(+,$%)Ch&])$==C&
    gI$@.(%CiP""?&])$==C&
    g9"##/%$=&]F$+.&
    

    View Slide

40. I,.&J$%),."%&
    J$-7%$4'"'11K21LM'59''
    

    View Slide

41. I,.&J$%),."%&
    N$4)*+"4'
    

    View Slide

42. ! Temple dedicated to all the gods (pan=all and theion=gods)
    pediment
    ?"7&*'
    -"/+'
    &8@%4-7%&$@''
    -76/'
    24;10&I,.&J$%),."%0&!"#.0&+H&113416U&9:H&
    

    View Slide

43. Temple, perhaps dedicated to Portunus. In the
    Cattle Market, Rome. Late second century BCE.
    I,.&J$%),."%0&!"#.0&+H&113416U&9:H&
    

    View Slide

44. O&6@6#'
    5"P+7'
    ! 143 feet
    !QR'(++)'
    !'3R'(++)'
    24;10&I,.&J$%),."%0&!"#.0&+H&113416U&9:H&
    

    View Slide

45. !M-+,.C&"%+.&,.=?&),.&C)$)/.C&"G&E"?C0&D/)&\.(.&(.F=$+.?&
    DB&C$-%)C&&-%&27V&DB&J"F.&8"%-G$+.&R_H&
    24;10&I,.&J$%),."%0&!"#.0&+H&113416U&9:H&
    

    View Slide

46. I,.&8$),C&"G&9$($+$==$&
    Caracalla " c. 211-217 CE
    

    View Slide

47. I,.&8$),C&"G&9$($+$==$&
    

    View Slide

48. 24UU0&I,.&8$),C&"G&9$($+$==$0&!"#.0&+H&611&9:&
    

    View Slide

49. 24UU0&I,.&8$),C&"G&9$($+$==$0&!"#.0&+H&611&9:&
    

    View Slide

50. 24UU0&I,.&8$),C&"G&9$($+$==$0&!"#.0&+H&611&9:&
    

    View Slide

51. 24UU0&9$=?.(-/#0&I,.&8$),C&"G&9$($+$==$0&
    !"#.0&+H&611&9:&
    

    View Slide

52. 24UU0&I,.&8$),C&"G&9$($+$==$0&!"#.0&+H&611&9:&
    

    View Slide

53. Y"C$-+C0&I,.&8$),C&"G&9$($+$==$0&!"#.0&+H&
    611&9:&O]..&24UUQH&
    

    View Slide

54. 9(-[+$=&I,-%A-%E&j/.C["%C&
    1H  k,$)&-C&),.&-#F"()$%+.&"G&+"%C)(/+["%&)"&
    !"#$%&.#F.("(C,-F&$%?&.#F-(.4D/-=?-%El&
    6H  k,$)&\.(.&C"#.&"G&),.$X"(&C)(/+)/($=&$%?&
    #$).(-$=&-%%"@$["%C&"G&!"#$%&.%E-%..(Cl&
    TH  k,$)&$(.&C"#.&A.B&?-^.(.%+.C&D.)\..%&
    !"#$%&).#F=.C&$%?&L(..A&).#F=.Cl&
    ;H  k,$)&?".C&),.&).(#&bD(.$?&$%?&+-(+/C.Cc&
    #.$%l&&`"\&?".C&),-C&+"%%.+)&)"&
    $(+,-).+)/(.l&
    

    View Slide