Inglês__E.C_-_40_horas.pdf

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2. Establish the minimum requirements for identifying confined spaces and the recognition, assessment, monitoring and control of existing risks. Develop competence in the team, presenting definitions and procedures necessary for the planning, preparation and training of professionals indicated for emergency and rescue actions in confined spaces. Show the need to develop safety and protection procedures for rescuers. Provide first aid notions.
3. LACK OF KNOWLEDGE​ STATISTICS Confined Space Deaths According to OSHA: ATMOSPHERIC RISKS; (OF THESE 40% - O2 DEFICIENCY) 60% 30% 10% OTHER REASONS IN BRAZIL: LACK OF KNOWLEDGE​ 60%
4. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY LEGISLATION The Federal Constitution, in its Chapter II (Social Rights), articles 6 and 7, items XXII, XXIII, XXVIII and XXXIII, specifically provides for the safety and health of workers. The Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT) dedicates its Chapter V to Occupational Safety and Medicine, in accordance with the wording given by Law 6,514, of December 22, 1977. The then Ministry of Labor, through Ordinance No. 3,214, of June 8, 1978, approved the Regulatory Standards (NR) provided for in Chapter V of the CLT and established that subsequent amendments to these NR would be determined by the Secretariat of Occupational Safety and Health, an agency of the current Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE). (NB 1318 – NBR 12246)
5. SPECIFIC LEGISLATION ON WORK IN CONFINED SPACES NR-05 - CHIP NR-06 - EPI NR- 07 - PCMSO​ NR- 09 – PPRA​ NR-33 REGULATES ACTIVITIES IN EC NR-10 – SAFETY IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND SERVICES NR-13 – BOILERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS​ NR-34 - SAFETY IN SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR MR-35 - WORKING AT HEIGHT NR-15 – UNHEALTHY ACTIVITIES AND OPERATIONS​ NR-18 – WORKING CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ORDINANCE 3214/78 - REGULATORY STANDARDS
6. According to NR-33, a confined space is any area or environment not designed for continuous human occupation, which has limited means of entry and exit, whose existing ventilation is insufficient to remove contaminants or where there may be a deficiency or enrichment of oxygen. DEFINITIONS
7. Divided into three groups, based on the severity of the hazards: RISK RISK GROUP A GROUP A RISK RISK GROUP B GROUP B RISK RISK GROUP C GROUP C Those that present situations that are IDLH. These include spaces that are deficient in oxygen and/or that contain toxic or explosive atmospheres. They do not pose an immediate risk to life or health, however, they have the potential to cause injury or illness if protective measures are not taken. These are those in which any risk is so insignificant that no work practice or procedure is necessary.
8. OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration “A confined space is one that presents the following conditions: It is large enough and configured in such a way that a worker can enter it and perform an assigned task; It has limited or restricted means for entry and exit (tanks, vessels, silos, deposits, pits); It was not intended for continuous human occupation.”
9. ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENTRY INTO E.C. ENTRY INTO E.C. Cleaning or Inspection. Surface maintenance or installations, repairs and replacements of valves, pipes, pumps, motors in pits or excavations. Adjustments or alignments of mechanical equipment and its components. Checks and readings on pressure gauges, panels, graphs or other indicators. Installations, connections and repairs of electrical or communications equipment, fiber optic installations. Rescue of workers who were injured or fainted in such spaces.
10. Performing work in confined spaces can pose a serious risk of accidents, including loss of human life. ​ ​ It is common in these types of work to release carbon monoxide, whose poisonous effect can cause brain damage that is sometimes not immediately noticeable when in low concentrations and, in high concentrations, even rapid death. ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENTRY INTO E.C. ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENTRY INTO E.C.
11. TOLERANCE LIMIT (LT) NR 15​
12. TYPES OF CONFINED SPACES Storage tanks​ Boilers​ Pipes​ Silos​ Fossas​ Cisterns​ Pressure vessels​ Pipelines​ Spaces with entrances through hatches​ Ballast tanks ​ Cargo tanker (FPSO)
14. ENTRY - Action by which people enter through an opening into a confined space. This action is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the worker's body passes beyond the plane of an opening in the confined space. Any and all work in confined spaces must be carried out by at least two people, one of whom must be a watchman.
15. Procedures for specialized emergency services and first aid should be developed and implemented to rescue workers in confined spaces. In addition, specific procedures should be in place for the preparation, issuance, use and cancellation of PETs, and for the coordination of entry, which ensure the safety of all workers, regardless of whether there are multiple groups of companies on site. NOTE: Interrupt entry operations whenever a new risk of compromising work arises.
16. ALL CONFINED SPACES MUST BE ADEQUATELY: FLAGGED, IDENTIFIED AND ISOLATED TO PREVENT UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS FROM ENTERING THESE PLACES.
17. If the employer, or his legally authorized representative, considers that contracted or subcontracted workers should not enter a certain confined space, he must take all effective measures to prevent such decision from being violated. If there is a need for some workers to enter certain confined spaces, the employer, or his legally authorized representative, must implement a confined spaces program.
18. This assessment must be carried out with intrinsically safe equipment, approved and certified by a Certification Body (INMETRO) for work in potentially explosive areas. OXYGEN CONCENTRATION​ FLAMMABLE GASES AND VAPORS​ POTENTIALLY TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS
19. The instrument used for this measurement must be previously calibrated and tested. The data obtained must be formally recorded and remain available to workers who need to enter that confined space.
20. The confined space must be re-analyzed to determine how the hazardous atmosphere developed. The employer must verify that the confined space is safe for entry and ensure that steps prior to entry have been taken through written entry permission. If, during the entry procedure, the presence of a hazardous atmosphere is detected, the following measures must be taken:
21. It is a general employer program designed to control and protect workers from hazards in confined spaces and to regulate the entry of workers into these spaces. ACTIONS THAT ARE PART OF THE PROGRAM: Keep an updated file of issued PETs; Implement the necessary measures to prevent unauthorized entries;
22. Identify and assess the risks of confined spaces before workers enter; Provide admission, periodic and dismissal medical examinations, in order to obtain Occupational Health Certificates (ASO), as provided for in NR-7, of the Ministry of Labor and Employment; Keep a written record of the duties of entry supervisors, watchmen and authorized workers, with their names and signatures. Implement emergency and rescue service;
23. Arrange for additional medical examinations, as instructed by an occupational physician, in accordance with the assessment of the type of confined space. Provide periodic training for workers involved with confined spaces on the risks to which they are exposed, control measures and safe work procedures. Implement emergency and rescue services, keeping the members of these teams always ready to go into action, trained and with equipment in perfect working order.
24. Purge, inertize, wash or ventilate the confined space, to eliminate or control atmospheric risks; Perform locking and blocking maneuvers; Keep the confined space marked and isolated; Carry out an assessment of the atmosphere; Carry out an assessment of physical, chemical, biological and mechanical risks.
26. Atmospheric sounding equipment. Mechanical ventilation equipment, through air insufflation and/or exhaust. Communication equipment; Suitable personal protective equipment and people movers; Equipment for pre-hospital first aid care; Lighting equipment. EQUIPMENT FOR WORK IN E.C. The equipment must be working properly and available to workers, who must be trained to use it correctly:
27. Equipment with constant air flow - Mask with positive pressure demand valve.
28. Professional or occupational risks are those that arise from conditions inherent to the work environment or to the operational process of various professional activities. They are, therefore, the environmental conditions of occupational safety capable of affecting the health, safety and well-being of the worker.
29. NOISE PRESSURE HUMIDITY VIBRATION TEMPERATURE IONIZING AND NON- IONIZING RADIATION PHYSICAL RISKS
30. Hot environments represent one of the most important risks of occupational pathology due to the high fatigue caused, which leads to: Reduced Productivity; Loss of Motivation; Reduction of working speed; Drop in Accuracy and Continuity in task execution; Increased incidence of accidents. HEATED ATMOSPHERE​
31. The so-called chemical risks are those inherent to the presence, in the work environment, of agents whose chemical action on the workers' bodies can cause occupational diseases. The main chemical risks are related to the amount of oxygen, hence the importance of taking measurements of the oxygen percentage at all levels of the Confined Space. Aerodispersoids; Vapors; Gases.
32. BIOLOGICAL RISKS THESE ARE THE RISKS CAUSED BY DISEASE-CAUSING MICROORGANISMS, WITH WHICH THE WORKER MAY EVENTUALLY COME INTO CONTACT, WHEN CARRYING OUT VARIOUS PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES.
33. BIOLOGICAL RISKS BACTERIA, FUNGI, SEWAGE, CLEANING PROCESSES CAUSED BY THE ACTION OF SOLVENTS OR PRODUCED BY THE CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN THESE AND OTHER MATERIALS USED IN CLEANING.
34. ERGONOMIC RISKS​ These are related to physiological and psychological factors inherent in the execution of various professional activities. These factors can produce changes in the body and emotional state of workers, compromising their health, safety and, consequently, their productivity. Repetitive physical effort Inadequate posture Weightlifting
35. It is any circumstance or behavior that causes a change in the normal work routine, with the potential to cause accidents to the worker, putting their physical or moral integrity at risk. Uneven floors; Inadequate and exposed electrical installations; Lack of signage; Machines without protection.
36. Inadequate oxygen concentrations. Presence of toxic gases and/or vapors. Presence of flammable gases and/or vapors; Fire. Presence of flammable gas or vapor; Oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23%. Presence of toxic gases, H2S, CO etc. Means an atmosphere that exposes employees to the risk of death, disability, injury or acute illness resulting from one or more of the following causes: Four types of HAZARDS may be present before or during entry into confined spaces.
37. ENVIRONMENTAL ATMOSPHERE ASSESSMENT​ The amount of oxygen contained in the space to be tested must be above (19.5% and below 23%); If tests indicate that the oxygen level is greater than 23%, “hot” work (risk of sparking) is prohibited until ventilation techniques have reduced the oxygen level to 20.9%. Before a worker enters a confined space, the internal atmosphere must be assessed by an authorized and trained professional, using a direct reading instrument.
38. Analysis process where the hazards or risks to which workers may be exposed in a confined space are identified and quantified. The assessment includes the specification of the tests that must be performed and the criteria to be used. The tests allow those responsible to plan and implement appropriate control measures, aiming to protect authorized workers and to ensure that entry conditions will be maintained at an acceptable level throughout the execution of the service.
39. Condition in which the atmosphere in a confined space may pose risks and expose workers to the risk of death, incapacitation, restriction of the ability to self-rescue, injury or acute illness, caused by one or more of the following causes: Flammable gas, vapor or mist in concentrations above 10% of its LEL; Flammable gas, vapor or mist in concentrations below 10% of its LSE; Oxygen concentrations below 19.5% or above 23% by volume (under normal conditions, the oxygen concentration in atmospheric air is 20.9%).
40. SUPERVISOR DUTIES Know the risks involved; Cancel entry procedures or the PET itself, when necessary Check that emergency and rescue services are available; Ensure the correct handover of the guard's service. Check that the entries comply with the PET and that all tests required therein have been carried out;
41. The employer, or his legally authorized representative, must ensure that all authorized workers: Know the risks and preventive measures that they may encounter during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms and consequences of exposure; Use the equipment properly; Know how to operate communication resources, to allow the guard to monitor the workers' performance and alert them of the need to leave the confined space. Correctly follow the entry program and adopted procedures. WORKERS' DUTIES
42. DUTIES OF WATCHMEN a) Know the risks and preventive measures that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms and consequences of exposure; b) Be aware of the exposure risks for authorized workers; c) Continuously maintain an accurate count of the number of workers authorized in the confined space and ensure that the means used to identify them are accurate;
43. d) remain outside the confined space during operations, near the entrance, until replaced by another guard; e) call the rescue team, when necessary; f) operate people movers, in normal or emergency situations; g) maintain communication with workers to monitor their condition and alert them to the need to leave the confined space; h) not perform any other task that could compromise the primary duty, which is to monitor and protect workers.
44. The Permit to Work System is the method by which authorized personnel review tasks where there are risk elements, to ensure that the work will be completely safe. After the safety elements have been properly adapted, the review carried out will be recorded on a specific form, signed by the authorized personnel. The Work Permit System, inserted in the context of the company's Safety Management System, aims to safeguard the lives of personnel, by adopting safe procedures for carrying out any work in confined spaces.
45. The PET must identify: Confined space to be entered; Purpose of entry; Date and duration of authorization of entry permit; Workers authorized to enter the confined space, who must be listed and identified by name and the role they will perform; Signature and identification of the supervisor who authorized entry; Risks of the confined space to be entered; Measures used to isolate the confined space and to eliminate or control the risks inherent therein, prior to entry.
46. Work permits will be issued for both work assigned by superiors and work generated by the workforce itself. It is the responsibility of the direct supervisor and the person performing the work to obtain the appropriate permit. PROCEDURES FOR ISSUING THE PERMIT​ Before entry is authorized, the employer, or his legally authorized representative, must document the set of measures necessary to prepare a safe entry. Among them, the issuance of the PET, which will include the name of the Supervisor responsible for the service, who, by signing it, will be granting final permission for entry and performance of the service.
47. The following circumstances, among others, suggest review of the PET: a) Any unauthorized entry into a confined space;​ b) Detection of a risk not covered by the permit;​ c) Occurrence of a condition prohibited by the permit;​ d) Occurrence of damage or accident during entry;​ e) Change in the use or configuration of the confined space; f) Complaints from workers about occupational health and safety. PET REVIEW​ PETs cancelled due to the emergence of additional risks must be archived for a period of one year and will serve as a basis for reviewing the program. Each PET is valid for one entry only.
48. COMPANIES ARE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE THEIR WORKERS, FREE OF CHARGE, WITH PPE APPROPRIATE TO THE RISK TO WHICH THEY ARE EXPOSED, IN PERFECT CONDITION AND WORKING ORDER. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IS ANY DEVICE MANUFACTURED NATIONALLY OR ABROAD, DESIGNED TO PROTECT THE HEALTH AND PHYSICAL INTEGRITY OF THE WORKER.
49. Acquire the type appropriate to the worker's activity; Provide workers only with PPE approved by the MTE and supplied by companies registered with the (DNSST); Train the worker on its proper use; Make its use mandatory; Replace it immediately if damaged or lost; Take responsibility for its cleaning and periodic maintenance; Report any irregularities observed in the PPE to the MTE.
50. Use them only for their intended purpose; Take responsibility for its safekeeping and conservation; Report to the employer any changes that make them unfit for use.
51. a) Formally indicate the person technically responsible for compliance with this standard; b) Identify the confined spaces existing in the establishment; c) Identify the specific risks of each confined space; IT IS THE EMPLOYER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO: d) Ensure ongoing training of workers on risks, control, emergency and rescue measures in confined spaces;
52. f) Ensure that access to the confined space only occurs after the issuance, in writing, of the Entry and Work Permit, in accordance with the model contained in Annex II of this NR; g) Provide contracted companies with information about the risks in the areas where they will carry out their activities and require training for their workers; e) Implement occupational health and safety management in confined spaces, through technical prevention, administrative, personal and emergency and rescue measures, in order to permanently guarantee environments with adequate working conditions;
53. h) Monitor the implementation of health and safety measures for workers of contracted companies, providing the means and conditions for them to act in accordance with this NR; i) Stop any and all types of work if a serious and imminent risk condition is suspected, and immediately leave the site; ​ j) Ensure updated information on risks and control measures before each access to confined spaces.
54. a) Collaborate with the company in complying with this NR; b) Properly use the means and equipment provided by the company; IT IS UP TO THE WORKERS: c) Report to the Security Guard and the Entry Supervisor any situations that pose a risk to your safety and health or that of third parties that you are aware of; d) Comply with the procedures and guidelines received in training regarding confined spaces.
55. Emergency - Any interference (including any failure in risk control and monitoring equipment) or internal or external event, in the confined space, that may cause danger to workers (NBR 14.787).
56. To facilitate the removal of people from confined spaces, without the rescue team needing to enter them, individual movers that do not harm the victim may be used, in accordance with first aid principles. EMERGENCY AND RESCUE SERVICES​ RESCUE EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
57. VENTILATION AND EQUIPMENT RESCUE EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS After testing the compartment for the presence of oxygen and combustibles, additional ventilation may be necessary. A) While the ventilation system is operational, the atmosphere of the environment must be tested at each entry, to maintain the safety level; B) When possible, the preferred method for oxygenating an environment is to ventilate through one inlet and exhaust through another.
58. Explosion-Proof (Ex d) or Shielded Equipment is any equipment that is enclosed in a casing capable of withstanding the pressure of an internal explosion and preventing it from spreading to the external environment. The degree of protection of the equipment is specified by NBR 6146, through the indication of the IP (Index of Protection), which can be: HANDLING OF DETECTION EQUIPMENT​ X - represents the difficulty of penetration of solid particles; Y - represents whether the equipment has difficulty in allowing water to penetrate
59. Before carrying out any activity in risky locations, it is important to check the safety level of the environment, using instruments such as an oximeter and explosimeter, among others. The instruments must be intrinsically safe (Ex i), which means they are not capable of releasing sufficient electrical (spark) or thermal energy to, under normal (i.e. opening or closing the circuit) or abnormal (e.g. short circuit or lack of grounding) conditions, cause the ignition of a given explosive atmosphere, as expressed in the equipment's certificate of conformity.
60. For a flammable gas or vapor to burn, there must be, in addition to the ignition source, a mixture in “ideal” proportions between the oxygen in the ambient atmosphere and the combustible gas. The amount of fuel gas required for combustion varies for each product and is determined by two constants: LIE and LSE. EXPLOSIVITY LIMIT
61. AREA CLASSIFICATION​ Area classification is a method of analyzing risks in the industrial environment where explosive atmospheres may occur. In these locations, electrical and electronic equipment must be special (known as Ex equipment), given that sparking or high temperatures present in general-use equipment can cause explosions.
62. CLASSIFIED AREAS ARE PLACES WHERE THERE IS A POSSIBILITY OF EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES FORMING DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES. EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES ARE ENVIRONMENTS WHERE FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES IN THE FORM OF GAS, VAPOR OR DUST ARE HANDLED, WHICH, WHEN MIXED WITH AIR, PRESENT A RISK OF EXPLOSION EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE AND CLASSIFIED AREAS
63. Ensuring an efficient ventilation and exhaust system is one of the main safety items to be met to allow work to be carried out in confined environments. To avoid the presence of atmospheric concentrations that are harmful to the health of workers, ventilation and/or exhaustion of the environment must normally be started well in advance of the execution of the work, in order to ensure an environment in good safety conditions for workers.
64. The system's capacity, called Effective Blowing Capacity (Cap), indicates the volume of air it can remove from the environment, in the unit of time. It can be expressed in cubic meters per hour (m3/h) or cubic feet per minute (CFM). This value is calculated taking into account the length and number of 90-degree bends in the air removal duct, knowing that the greater the length of the duct and the number of bends, the greater the losses and, therefore, the lower the capacity of the equipment. V = L x H x C​ Where: L= Width of the compartment, in meters; H= Height of the compartment, in meters; and C= Length of the compartment, in meters.
65. Calculation example 1 letter A: ​ Confined environment 3 x 1 x 2 = 6m3 (volume)​ Confined environment 6m3 x 7.5 = 45 m3
66. In view of the need to enter confined or contaminated areas, a respiratory protection program was created, which will provide procedures for selection, use and care of respiratory equipment. This program will be able to provide maximum protection to the employee. This program includes the following actions: Respirators will be provided by companies for use by employees; Employees must use breathing equipment, in accordance with the training provided. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM (RPP) AIR SUPPLY EQUIPMENT​
67. On the front, it has a filter, which can be mechanical, when intended to protect against the inhalation of particles, or chemical, based on activated carbon or another type of absorbent, when intended to protect against the inhalation of toxic gases or vapors. This type of respirator covers the nose and mouth area. It is usually made of a piece made of rubber, silicone or another elastomer. The air is purified by placing filters or cartridges for particles, gases or vapors, which should be changed whenever they are saturated, which is noticed when the user begins to taste the contaminant. MAINTENANCE-FREE HALF-FACIAL AIR PURIFYING EQUIPMENT
68. This type of respirator protects not only the respiratory system but also the eyes, and is therefore capable of providing better protection than half-face respirators. It is recommended for environments with higher concentrations of contaminants. It can be equipped with filters to eliminate dust, smoke, mist, gases or air vapors. FULL FACEPIECE PURIFYING EQUIPMENT​
69. EX-D: EXPLOSION-PROOF OR SHIELDED ENCLOSURE This is any equipment that is enclosed in a casing capable of withstanding the pressure of an internal explosion and preventing it from spreading to the environment. Therefore, the explosion can occur, but it is confined to the interior of the equipment casing and the combustion gases are cooled as they pass through the channel “W” of the flange “L”. EX-E – INCREASED SECURITY​ The devices are designed so that they do not become sources of ignition under normal conditions of use. There is no explosion EQUIPMENT FOR WORK IN POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE AREAS
70. EX-M – RESIN IMMERSED EQUIPMENT ​ EX-Q – SAND IMMERSED EQUIPMENT ​ EX-O – OIL IMMERSED EQUIPMENT ​ EX-P – PRESSURIZED EQUIPMENT ​ EQUIPMENT FOR WORK IN POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE AREAS EX-I – INTRINSICALLY SAFE EQUIPMENT It means not being capable of releasing sufficient electrical (spark) or thermal energy to, under normal conditions (i.e. opening or closing the circuit) or abnormal conditions (e.g. short circuit or lack of grounding), cause the ignition of a given explosive atmosphere, as expressed in the equipment's certificate of conformity.
71. TYPE OF PROTECTION EX-N EX-E, EX-D, EX-P, EX-O, EX-Q, EX-M, EX-IA/B EX-IA APPLICABLE AREA ZONE 2 ZONE 1 ZONE 0 APPLICATION OF PROTECTION TYPES
72. Requirements that apply to workers involved in rescue services in confined spaces: The employer, or his legally authorized representative, must ensure that each member of the rescue service has personal protective equipment. Each member of the rescue service must be trained to perform the assigned rescue tasks; Each member of the rescue service shall receive the same training required for authorized workers;
73. Each member of the rescue service must be trained, performing rescue in confined spaces at least once every twelve (12) months; Representative confined spaces are those which, with respect to opening size, configuration and means of access, simulate the types of confined spaces in which actual rescue may be performed; Each member of the rescue service will be trained in basic first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
74. To facilitate the removal of people from confined spaces, without the rescue team needing to enter them, individual movers may be used, as long as they do not harm the victim, in accordance with first aid principles. Developed based on concepts and mainly user needs, in search of practicality and versatility, this equipment is used to remove people who can leave a confined space by their own means (self-rescue).
75. They are the most used rescue equipment in the world. Protects the worker against falls.
76. The fall factor (FQ) is a number that evaluates the theoretical severity of a fall. Theoretical because, with a "numerical value", it is not possible to predict what will be in the flight path and what could happen to the body of the falling climber. FALL FACTOR
77. Trees, large rocks or any other natural support point can be used, as long as it has enough weight to not be dragged, where the entire system can be attached. NATURAL: This type of anchoring is probably the most widely used. It is done by placing steel bushings (spits) and rings (flaps) in buildings, towers, tanks, etc. ARTIFICIAL:
78. ACCORDING TO NR-33 ​ Every worker who enters a confined space must have first aid skills and be familiar with self-rescue procedures. IN
79. IN Each rescuer must be trained in specific techniques, which involve immobilizing and transporting injured people, as well as the correct use of rescue and salvage resources available at the location where the work is carried out. It is recommended that the leader of the rescue and salvage team becomes aware of the location and the work to be carried out, so that, based on this data, he can draw up an action plan that guarantees efficient and effective assistance to the worker in danger.
80. The team must also have appropriate personal protective equipment, including respiratory protection, as well as rescue equipment, such as: Detector Multigases;​ Equipment for working at height; Fan and extractor; Anchoring system; Traffic cones; Immobilization and rescue system; Strings; Parachute type belt;
81. If the victim's location is unknown, the rescue team will have to carry out a search operation in the confined space, which must be done systematically and in a logical sequence. Even though progress may seem slow, the team must work together and avoid splitting up.