The Kukui Cup and Open Power Quality: Creating Smart Consumers for the Smart Grid

Transcript

1. (1) The Kukui Cup and Open Power Quality: Creating Smart Consumers for the Smart Grid Philip Johnson Collaborative Software Development Laboratory Information and Computer Sciences University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI USA
2. (2)
3. (3)
4. (4)
5. (5) Who Am I?  I am a small island chain...  ... with a small, isolated electrical grid...  ... importing oil/coal for over 80% of my energy...  ... an economic outflow equal to 10% of my GDP...  ... despite significant local renewable resources...
6. (6)
7. (7) In 1965
8. (8)
9. (9)
10. (10)
11. (11)
12. (12)
13. (13) Hawaii 2014 = Iceland 1965  A small island chain...  .. with a small, isolated electrical grid...  ... importing oil/coal for over 80% of its energy...  ... an expense equivalent to 10% of its GDP...  ... despite significant renewable resources...
14. (14) How do we engage people with energy issues and change societal behavior?
15. (15) The Kukui Cup Open Power Quality  Two approaches
16. (16) The original energy user interface Not enough to support behavioral change
17. (17) Is this enough? behavior feedback
18. (18) How about this? behavior feedback prizes!
19. (19) The Kukui Cup approach behavior feedback education experiences prizes GAMIFICATION
20. (20) Six Kukui Cups (2011-present) Univ. of Hawaii Manoa Smart meters 2011-12 3 week challenge 2012-13 9 month challenge 2013-14 2 week challenge Hawaii Pacific Univ. Smart meters 2012-13 3 week challenge 2013-14 3 week challenge East-West Center No smart meters 2012-13 2 week challenge Approximately 4,000 students invited; over 1500 active players
21. (21) Video
22. (22) Example: 2011 Kukui Cup 3 weeks, 3 rounds, 24 events 418 players, 850 hours (4,094 unique visits, 170,000 hits)
23. (23) Game Play: In the real world Engage Educate Change energy behaviors
24. (24) Game Play: Kickoff Party
25. (25) Game Play: Posters
26. (26) Game Play: Flyers
27. (27) Game Play: Swag
28. (28) Game Play: Activities
29. (29) Game Play: Excursions
30. (30) Game Play: Prizes
31. (31) Game Play: Online Educate Provide feedback on behavior Compare Compete
32. (32) Game Play: The App
33. (33) Game Mechanic: Real time feedback
34. (34) Game Mechanic: Smart Grid Game
35. (35) Game Mechanic: Daily Energy Goal
36. (36) Game Mechanic: Top Score Game
37. (37) Game Mechanic: Raffle Game
38. (38) Game Mechanic: Social Bonus
39. (39) Game Mechanic: Referral Bonus
40. (40) Game Mechanic: Badges
41. (41) The Goal: Creating a virtuous circle Game mechanics connect real world to online world Education Behavior Feedback
42. (42) So how did it work? Did the students learn? Did they reduce energy consumption?
43. (43) Kukui Cup can have positive impact on energy knowledge 0" 1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 11" 12" 13" 14" 15" 16" 17" 18" 19" Pre/compe44on" Post/compe44on" Number'of'correct'answers' Non/par4cipant" Par4cipant"
44. (44) Kukui Cup can have (short term) positive impact on consumption
45. (45) Unanticipated behavioral changes  Participation in sustainability groups  Interest in sustainability & STEM courses  Change in major to STEM discipline!
46. (46) Kukui Cup appears to generate "diffusion"  You don't have to play the game to be influenced by it.
47. (47) So how did it work? Did the game mechanics incentivize the right behaviors?
48. (48) Visualizing game mechanics  40 floors, 27 players/floor -> 1080 possible players
49. (49) What it means  Each arc is one roommate  A circle of circles is a floor  Green fill: played today  Energy Goals achieved  Total points achieved  Grey lines are in-game social interactions  Color indicates participation level
50. (50) End of day 1
51. (51) End of day 20
52. (52) End of day 27
53. (53) Game mechanic result: winning floor had highest participation, social interaction
54. (54) Game mechanic result: winning "lounge" had most energy goals
55. (55) Game mechanic result: Winning individual had high external social interactions
56. (56) Conclusion: Mechanics incentivized desired behaviors
57. (57) DIY Kukui Cup
58. (58) WattDepot and Makahiki
59. (59) What if energy consumption isn't the only energy problem?
60. (60) “Hawaii is a globally important case study. The kinds of governance, system planning, and technical quagmires Hawaii finds itself in as it negotiates the transition to clean energy are the same challenges the mainland will face on a larger scale.” -Mackay Miller, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
61. (61)
62. (62) When you read: “interconnection study”, “grid stability”, “circuit penetration” think: Power Quality
63. (63) Centralized Grid A fundamental architectural change in the grid may require a fundamental change to power quality Why are renewables difficult? Distributed Grid
64. (64) Our approach: Distributed Crowd-sourced Power Quality Monitoring
65. (65) Our Special Sauce Reduce price of power quality monitors by 5x (from $250 to $50) Crowd source power quality data collection Open source hardware, software, and data
66. (66) OPQ User Communities Utilities Energy Geeks Military Green Economy
67. (67) OPQ technology: Generation 1 OPQBox + OPQHub
68. (68) OPQBox (Generation 1)  TI MSP430 IC: 4 KSPS 16Bit ADC (not enough!)  Raspberry PI: WiFi + signal processing (not enough!)  120->12V wall wart transformer: (not enough!)  NTP synchronization (maybe enough!)
69. (69)
70. (70) OPQHub (Generation 1)  Two tier web application (not enough!)  Play framework  MySQL repository (not enough!)  Web sockets for “heartbeat” communication and to avoid proxy/firewall issues.
71. (71)
72. (72)
73. (73)
74. (74)
75. (75) Generation 1 Pilot Study  3 OPQBoxes produced, distributed to three locations on Oahu  1 OPQHub installed to collect OPQBox data  4 weeks of data collection  8,000 Voltage, 16 Frequency events detected  2 events outside the ITIC “acceptable” range
76. (76) Results: Solar vs. PV (local)
77. (77) Solar vs. PV (grid)
78. (78) Solar vs. PV (hurricane)
79. (79) Results: Grid-wide event
80. (80) Generation 2  OPQBox improvements: •  Resister divider for direct sensing (no wall wart) •  50 KSPS 16Bit ADC (allows IEEE standards of 256 samples per waveform and locking to 60 cycles) •  Event recording on power outage via FRAM  OPQHub improvements: •  Scalability •  UI/UX improvements
81. (81) Next Step: Pilot Study 2  Starting in Q1, 2015  Goals: •  10 second generation OPQBoxes •  Comparison to commercial PQ monitor •  IEEE compliant power measurements •  Assess NTP synchronization  Looking for project partners!
82. (82) For more information
83. (83) In summary  We need smart consumers for the smart grid.  We must be smart about our consumption.  We must be smart about the state of the grid and our impact on it.  Both forms of "smart" inevitably lead to social (if not political) action!
84. (84) Thank you!
85. (85)