2FA, WTF? (Rails Israel 2015)

Everyone is hacking everything. Everything is vulnerable. Your site, your users, even you. Are you worried about this? You should be!

Don't worry, I'm not trying to scare you (that much). We have plenty of safeguards against attempts on our applications' user data. We all (hopefully) recognise Two Factor Auth as one of those safeguards, but what actually goes on under the hood of 2FA?

We'll take a look into generating one time passwords in Ruby, implementing 2FA in Rails applications and the only real life compelling use case for QR codes. Together, we'll make the web a more secure place.

Links:

https://github.com/mdp/rotp

https://www.authy.com/developers/
https://www.twilio.com/authy

Transcript

1. 2FA, WTF?
2. HACKERS
3. ARE
4. EVERYWHERE
8. Phil Nash @philnash h p:/ /philna.sh philnash@twilio.com
9. 2FA, WTF?
10. TWO FACTOR AUTHENTICATION
11. Two Factor Authen ca on 2FA is a security process in which a user provides two different forms of iden fica on in order to authen cate themself with a system. The two forms must come from different categories. Normally something you know and something you have.
12. WHY?
13. MAT HONAN
14. Mat Honan's Hackers' Timeline 1.  Found Gmail address on his personal site 2.  Entered address in Gmail and found his @me.com back up email 3.  Called Amazon to add a credit card to file 4.  Called Amazon again to reset password and got access 5.  4:33pm: called Apple to reset password 6.  4:50pm: reset AppleID password and gained access to email
15. Mat Honan's Hackers' Timeline 7.  4:52pm: reset Gmail account password 8.  5:01pm: wiped iPhone 9.  5:02pm: reset Twi er password 10.  5:05pm: wiped MacBook and deleted Google account 11.  5:12pm: posted to Twi er taking credit for the hack
16. @MAT
17. WHY?
19. ASHLEY MADISON
20. Ashley Madison Top 10 Passwords 1.  123456 2.  12345 3.  password 4.  DEFAULT 5.  123456789 6.  qwerty 7.  12345678 8.  abc123 9.  NSFW 10.  1234567
21. Ashley Madison Top 10 Passwords 1.  123456 ‐ 120,511 users 2.  12345 ‐ 48,452 users 3.  password ‐ 39,448 users 4.  DEFAULT ‐ 34,275 users 5.  123456789 ‐ 26,620 users 6.  qwerty ‐ 20,778 users 7.  12345678 ‐ 14,172 users 8.  abc123 ‐ 10,869 users 9.  NSFW ‐ 10,683 users 10.  1234567 ‐ 9,468 users Source: h p:/ /qz.com/501073/the‐top‐100‐passwords‐on‐ashley‐madison/
23. HOW?
24. User Registra on Flow 1.  Visit registra on page 2.  Sign up with username and password 3.  User is logged in
25. User Log In Flow 1.  Visit login page 2.  Enter username and password 3.  System verifies details 4.  User is logged in
26. SMS
27. User Registra on Flow 1.  Visit registra on page 2.  Sign up with username, password and phone nunber 3.  User is logged in
28. User Log In Flow 1.  Visit login page 2.  Enter username and password 3.  System verifies details 4.  Verifica on code sent to user by SMS 5.  User enters verifica on code 6.  System verifies code 7.  User is logged in
29. PROS/CONS
30. SOFT TOKEN
31. User Registra on Flow 1.  Visit registra on page 2.  Sign up with username, password 3.  Generate a secret for the user 4.  Share the secret somehow 5.  User is logged in
32. User Log In Flow 1.  Visit login page 2.  Enter username and password 3.  System verifies details 4.  User opens auth app 5.  User finds app verifica on code and enters on site 6.  System verifies code 7.  User is logged in
33. SECRETS
34. HOTP/TOTP
35. HOTP H O T P ( K , C ) = T r u n c a t e ( H M A C ( K , C ) ) & 0 x 7 F F F F F F F H O T P - V a l u e = H O T P ( K , C ) m o d 1 0 d
36. d e f g e n e r a t e _ o t p ( i n p u t , p a d d e d = t r u e ) h m a c = O p e n S S L : : H M A C . d i g e s t ( O p e n S S L : : D i g e s t . n e w ( d i g e s t ) , b y t e _ s e c r e t , i n t _ t o _ b y t e s t r i n g ( i n p u t ) )
37. o f f s e t = h m a c [ - 1 ] . o r d & 0 x f c o d e = ( h m a c [ o f f s e t ] . o r d & 0 x 7 f ) < < 2 4 | ( h m a c [ o f f s e t + 1 ] . o r d & 0 x f f ) < < 1 6 | ( h m a c [ o f f s e t + 2 ] . o r d & 0 x f f ) < < 8 | ( h m a c [ o f f s e t + 3 ] . o r d & 0 x f f )
38. i f p a d d e d ( c o d e % 1 0 * * d i g i t s ) . t o _ s . r j u s t ( d i g i t s , ' 0 ' ) e l s e c o d e % 1 0 * * d i g i t s e n d e n d h ps:/ /github.com/mdp/rotp
39. TOTP
40. DEMO
41. SHARING SECRETS
42. QR code otpauth:/ /TYPE/LABEL?PARAMETERS otpauth:/ /totp/Example:philnash@twilio.com?secret=JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP&issuer=Example
44. PROS/CONS
45. CAN IT BE BETTER?
46. FRIENDS DON'T LET FRIENDS WRITE THEIR OWN AUTHENTICATION FRAMEWORKS
47. FRIENDS DON'T LET FRIENDS WRITE THEIR OWN TWO FACTOR AUTHENTICATION FRAMEWORKS
49. User Registra on Flow 1.  Visit registra on page 2.  Sign up with username, password and phone nunber 3.  System registers User with Authy 4.  User is logged in
50. User Log In Flow 1.  Visit login page 2.  Enter username and password 3.  System verifies details 4.  Authy prompts user 5.  User finds app verifica on code and enters on site 6.  System verifies code with Authy 7.  User is logged in
51. THE FUTURE
52. PUSH NOTIFICATIONS
54. PROS/CONS
55. SUMMARY
56. USERS ARE BAD WITH PASSWORDS
57. OTHER WEBSITES ARE BAD WITH PASSWORDS
58. 2FA CAN BE PUSH, TOKEN OR SMS
59. 2FA IS FOR YOUR USERS
61. THANKS!
63. Help me! On a scale of 0 to 10, how likely is it that you would recommend this talk to a friend or colleague? 052‐628‐0335 (+972‐52‐628‐0335)
64. Thanks! @philnash h p:/ /philna.sh philnash@twilio.com On a scale of 0 to 10, how likely is it that you would recommend this talk to a friend or colleague? (+972) 052‐628‐0335