J. Educ. Dev., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 513–531, 2006. A. Toi, “An empirical study of the effects of decentralization in Indonesian junior secondary education,” Educ Res Policy Pr., vol. 9, pp. 107–125, 2010. T. Muttaqin, M. Van Duijn, L. Heyse, and R. Wittek, “The impact of decentralization on educational attainment in Indonesia,” in Decentralization and Governance in Indonesia, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 79–103. X. Qian and R. Smyth, “Measuring regional inequality of education in China: widening coast–inland gap or widening rural–urban gap?,” J. Int. Dev., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 132–144, Mar. 2008.