RubyKaigi 2013: Beyond Ruby

Ruby is the most flexible language out there, imposing no limitations on the developers, giving all the expressiveness possible. Or so we think. But there are languages pushing dynamic features and expressiveness far beyond what is possible in Ruby. Some are old, like Lisp and Smalltalk, some are just emerging, purely experimental languages, like Ioke or Newspeak. In this talk, we will take a look at some of these languages and what they can do that Ruby can't. What does it mean, to be homoiconic? How does a language without keywords work? Can I dispatch in more than one direction? And what is partial evaluation?

Transcript

1. Konstantin Haase
   Beyond Ruby
   

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2. @konstantinhaase
   github.com/rkh
   Everybody,
   please stand up!
   ΈΜͳ͕ɺ্ཱ͕ͪͬͯ
   ͍ͩ͘͞ʂ
   

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3. @konstantinhaase
   github.com/rkh
   ͋ͳͨ͸Rubyϓϩάϥ
   ϜΛॻ͍ͨ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍৔
   ߹͸ɺ࠲Δɻ
   

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4. @konstantinhaase
   github.com/rkh
   ͋ͳͨ͸Smalltalkϓ
   ϩάϥϜΛॻ͍ͨ͜ͱ͕
   ͳ͍৔߹͸ɺ࠲Δɻ
   

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5. @konstantinhaase
   github.com/rkh
   ͋ͳͨ͸Lispϓϩάϥ
   ϜΛॻ͍ͨ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍৔
   ߹͸ɺ࠲Δɻ
   

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6. @konstantinhaase
   github.com/rkh
   ͋ͳͨ͸Prologϓϩά
   ϥϜΛॻ͍ͨ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍
   ৔߹͸ɺ࠲Δɻ
   

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7. @konstantinhaase
   github.com/rkh
   ͋ͳͨ͸VHDLϓϩά
   ϥϜΛॻ͍ͨ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍
   ৔߹͸ɺ࠲Δɻ
   

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8. @konstantinhaase
   github.com/rkh
   ͋ͳͨ͸Newspeak
   ϓϩάϥϜΛॻ͍ͨ͜ͱ
   ͕ͳ͍৔߹͸ɺ࠲Δɻ
   

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9. @konstantinhaase
   github.com/rkh
   Konstantin Haase
   Open Source Developer
   

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11. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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12. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    “Second to K&R, the
    most lagom technical
    book I’ve read.”
    Peter Cooper (Ruby Inside)
    Discount Code: AUTHD
    50% off ebook ($6.50)
    40% off print
    

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13. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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14. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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15. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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16. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Language
    

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17. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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18. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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19. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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20. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Ruby
    

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21. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Questions?
    Shugo
    Maeda
    

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22. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Yukihiro
    "Mad Matz"
    Matsumoto
    

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23. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Can you say
    it in Ruby?
    

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24. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    me
    Ruby
    

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25. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    A Programming
    Language is just a
    Tool
    

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26. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Tell you something
    new
    

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27. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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28. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    No Node.js
    

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29. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    No Node.js
    No Erlang
    

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30. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    No Node.js
    No Erlang
    No Go
    

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31. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Full Object Orientation
    

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32. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Doesn’t Ruby already
    have that?
    

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33. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    OOP ≠ OOP
    

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34. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    “Objects are data and
    functionality”
    Your High School Teacher
    

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35. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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36. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    “I made up the term
    object-oriented, and I can
    tell you, I did not have
    C++ in mind.”
    Alan Kay
    

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37. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    “
    OOP to me means only
    messaging, local retention
    and protection and hiding of
    state-process, and extreme
    late-binding of all things.”
    Alan Kay
    

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38. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Smalltalk
    

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39. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    if response == 42
    "correct!"
    else
    "wrong"
    end
    

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40. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    response = 42
    ifTrue: [ 'correct!' ]
    ifFalse: [ 'wrong' ]
    

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41. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    def true.if_true
    yield
    end
    def false.if_true
    end
    

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42. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    TrueClass.
    define_method(:if_true){ yield }
    FalseClass.
    define_method(:if_true) { }
    

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43. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    class Falsy
    def if_true; end
    end
    

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44. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    x = Delegator.new({})
    x.is_a? Hash # => true
    case x
    when Hash then ...
    else fail
    end
    

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45. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Do not treat
    Objects like Data
    Structures!
    

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46. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    my_instance.
    properties[:foo][1,4] == "blah"
    my_instance.foo? "blah"
    

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47. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Is Smalltalk Object
    Oriented?
    

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48. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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49. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    variable/constant access is
    no method send
    

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50. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    variable/constant access is
    no method send
    keywords like self and
    super are no method
    sends
    

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51. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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52. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    no implementation treats
    ifTrue: and ifFalse: as
    method sends
    

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53. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    no implementation treats
    ifTrue: and ifFalse: as
    method sends
    constants are not late
    bound
    

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54. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Newspeak
    

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55. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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56. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    there are only method
    sends
    

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57. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    there are only method
    sends
    there is no global state
    

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58. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    But I want
    lexical scope!
    

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59. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Foo = 42
    class Bar
    def foo(x) Foo + x end
    end
    

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60. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Outer = 23
    module Wrapper
    Inner = 42
    class Nested
    def result
    Outer + Inner
    end
    end
    end
    

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61. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Solution: Clever, Bi-
    Directional Dispatch
    

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62. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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63. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Hi usingPlatform: platform =
    (
    platform Transcript
    open show: 'Hello!'.
    )
    

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64. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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65. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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66. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Homoiconic Languages
    

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67. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    "In computer programming, homoiconicity is a
    property of some programming languages, in which
    the primary representation
    of programs is also a
    data structure in
    a primitive type of the language itself, from the
    Greek words homo meaning the same and icon
    meaning representation.
    This makes
    metaprogramming
    easier than in a language without this property."
    Wikipedia
    

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68. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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69. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Lisp, Logix, Io
    

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70. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Lisp, Logix, Io
    Prolog, Snobol, Ioke
    

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71. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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72. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    '(1 2 3)
    

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73. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    (+ 1 2) ; 3
    

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74. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    (car '(1 2)) ; 1
    (cdr '(1 2))
    ; '(2)
    

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75. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    (car
    (cdr '(1 2)))
    ; 2
    

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76. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    (setf b 23)
    (+ b 19) ; 42
    

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77. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    (setf a '(setf b 23))
    (eval a)
    (+ b 19) ; 42
    

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78. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    (setf a
    '(setf b 23))
    (setf
    (car
    (cdr (cdr a)))
    42)
    (eval a) ; 42
    

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79. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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80. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    How’s that useful?
    

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81. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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82. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Macros and Partial
    Evaluation
    

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83. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Macros and Partial
    Evaluation
    Language Extensions from
    within
    

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84. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Declarative
    Programming
    

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85. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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86. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    SQL, XSLT, SPARQL, Pig
    

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87. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    SQL, XSLT, SPARQL, Pig
    Prolog, Erlang
    

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88. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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89. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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90. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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91. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    

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92. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    ruby_core(tenderlove).
    ?- ruby_core(tenderlove).
    Yes
    ?- ruby_core(X).
    X = tenderlove
    

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93. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    ruby_core(tenderlove).
    rails_core(tenderlove).
    ubercore(X) :-
    ruby_core(X), rails_core(X).
    ?- ubercore(X).
    X = tenderlove
    

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94. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    car([H|_], H).
    cdr([_|T], T).
    ?- car([1, 2, 3], X).
    X = 1
    ?- cdr([1, 2, 3], X).
    X = [2, 3]
    

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95. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    sorted([]).
    sorted([_]).
    sorted([X,Y|T]) :-
    X =< Y, sorted([Y|T]).
    sort(X,Y) :-
    perm(X,Y), sorted(Y).
    

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96. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    ?- sort([1, 3, 2], X).
    X = [1, 2, 3]
    ?- sort(X, [1, 2, 3]).
    X = [1, 2, 3]
    Continue? [Y/n]
    

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97. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    Hardware
    Programming
    

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98. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    VHDL
    Very-high-speed integrated circuits Hardware
    Description Language
    

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99. @konstantinhaase
    github.com/rkh
    FOO <= '1';
    BAR <= '0';
    BAZ <= FOO and BAR;
    

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100. @konstantinhaase
     github.com/rkh
     FOO <= '1';
     BAR <= '0';
     BAZ <= FOO and BAR;
     

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101. @konstantinhaase
     github.com/rkh
     

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102. @konstantinhaase
     github.com/rkh
     http://www.ht-lab.com/
     

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103. @konstantinhaase
     github.com/rkh
     github.com/a-team/Pong
     

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104. @konstantinhaase
     github.com/rkh
     ਧ͖ඈ͹͞ؾ
     

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105. @konstantinhaase
     github.com/rkh
     Thank you!
     ͋Γ͕ͱ͏ʂ
     

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