Joseph Mitola - The Future of Cognitive Radio

Transcript

1. The Future of Cognitive Radio Supelec Rennes, France 12 May 2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III, Fellow of the IEEE Distinguished Professor, School of Engineering and Science, Distinguished Professor, School of Engineering and Science, Distinguished Professor, School of Systems and Enterprises, and Vice President for the Research Enterprise Stevens Institute of Technology © 2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
2. The Future of Cognitive Radio • Flexible Efficient Cost-Effective Devices – Nano-engineered, Wearable, Arrays of Everything • Algorithms, Firmware, Software in Devices – “80%” Reuse with “80%” Reconfigurability – “80%” Reuse with “80%” Reconfigurability – Matlab to Commercial RF Devices in Days-Weeks – Platform Rehosting of Existing Code in Weeks • Networks that Learn so User Doesn’t Have To – Integrate Heterogeneous RF Devices, Home, Work – Integrated Commercial Privacy and Security 2
3. Future Cognitive Radio Devices • More Flexible Cost-Effective RF-IF Devices – Nano-engineered Linear Amplifier Circuits – Multiscale Control of RF-IF Properties • Array-antenna Radio Access Points (RAP) – 400-800 MHz Low Density/Rural Broadband – 400-800 MHz Low Density/Rural Broadband – 60 GHz Indoor and Bluetooth • Power Scavenging – Recovery • Massive Array Processing on Chip • Wearable Ensemble Replaces iPhone – Augmented Vision, Hearing, Awareness, Memory 3
4. Environment Cognitive Radio (DSA) Cognition Cycle Cognition Environment Space-Time Propagation Network Meta-Software Antenna RF Modem INFOSEC Baseband User Interface Equalizer Model Variable Bindings ... User(s) Identity Needs Behaviors ... Self Model Behavior Models User Environment Antenna RF Modem Baseband User Interface Hardware INFOSEC Protocol Stack, Control Modem, Equalizer, etc. Software Radio Software Modules ….. Known Self 4 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved Mitola Radio XML ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Cognitive Linguistics Behavior Model (CLBM) Baseband User Interface Variable Bindings Maguire: CR is Impossible Because of Gödel Simon Haykin
5. Dynamic Spectrum Access Primary (Licensed) Spectrum Cordless Telephones: Analog, DECT … Unlicensed Spectrum (Part 15) Space-time Dynamics Network Management Overlay: OFDM Water Filling Measurements © 2006 Shared Spectrum Company, Used with Permission (DSA) Cellular 1G 2G CDMA 3GPP Underlay: Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Noise Temperature Cordless Telephones: Analog, DECT … WLAN: 802.11 a/b/b WiFi … WPAN: 802.15, BlueTooth, HomeRF 5 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved Malicious Agents
6. US Whitespace Markets Propelling CR 6 Bian and Park, Addressing The Hidden Incumbent Problem In 802.22 Networks SDR09 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved FCC
7. Digital Whitespace Simulation 7 © 2011 Jaap van de Beek, Janne Riihij¨arvi, Andreas Achtzehn, Petri Mahonen, DySPAN 2011, used with Permission
8. Improved Terrain Modeling • © Rohan Murty et al SenseLess, DySPAN 2011 • 70-80% Improvement in white space via Longley Rice spatial modeling Rice spatial modeling with terrain • White space today • Dynamics become more intense over time • Precomputatons 8
9. Sensor-Validated RF Modeling 9 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
10. Compressive Sensing 10 J. N. Laska, W. F. Bradley, T. W. Rondeau, K. E. Nolan, and B. Vigoda, DySPAN11
11. Femtocell-Handset Sensing Dynamic Spectrum Available [Riva Networks compact GSM] Low Power, Building Shadowing, Creates GSM Reuse Opportunities
12. Fine Structure Sensing and Control WiFi 1 Mbps VoIP Coverage (Green) 100 mW GSM GPRS (Blue) 25 kHz LMR Voice (1.2km Red) © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved 12
13. LTE Advanced MIMO Directional Control x(t) x(t-τ1 ) y(t) x(t-τ2 ) 1st Bit 2nd Bit 3rd Bit © 1999 MIT Lincoln Laboratory Used with Permission Multiple Element Subspace Tracking ATT as vBLAST aka MIMO 100 λ λ λ λ Array for 16 λ λ λ λ Cost 3x to 10x “Shannon” Capacity COST: 1000x MIPS (practical ~2013) © 2007 Stephen Fast, Remcom © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved 13
14. Directional Sensing © 2006 Dr. Joseph Mitola III Used with Permission
15. Sensing Highlights • DVB-T Field Trials and Tools (Philips) • Shape-Based Signal Classification (Supelec) • Wavelet Edge Detection (A*Star Singapore) • Multi-stage Cross Layer (UCLA) • Multi-stage Cross Layer (UCLA) • Distributed Cooperative Sensing (U Mich, Deutsche Telcom; Stevens) • Sensor Network Business Case (Telenor) • Sensing vs. Databases (Vrije U, IMEC) 15
16. Comprehensive Spectrum Sensing © 2005 Shared Spectrum Company (Dr. Mark McHenry) Used with Permission, adapted by the author Processing Gain Antenna Gain Duty Cycle
17. Policy Reasoning Policy Processing Local Policy Repository Active Policy Set RF Environment Map Data Sources Local Sensor Sensor Networks Database Spectrum Usage Info Radio Info Base •User & Radio ID •Location, Time •Status Policy Statements from a Policy Management Authority -Downloadable - Securely Modifiable RF Space-time Dynamics Transmission Decisions Requests 17 Policy Processing Policy Conformance Reasoner (PCR) • Policy Decision Point •Reasoning/Inference • Conformance Checking Control & Behavior Modeling and Reasoning System Strategy Reasoner Transmission Opportunity Requests/Replies Policy Enforcer Stored Transmission Decision Replies (Approve or Deny) TX Control Commands TX Control Commands TX Control Replies Transmission Decision Refresh Request Transmission Decision Replies Transmission Decisions Replies © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
18. Meta- Languages 18 Shujun Li, Collaborative Optimization of Cognitive Radio Parameters Using Ontology and Policy Based Approach (Boston: Northeastern University) 18 Dec 2009 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
19. Spectrum Management Database • Location, Radiated Power – Requirement to check the database – Requirement to prevent harmful interference • ATT NOI Response for Policy Radio • ATT NOI Response for Policy Radio “The FCC should proceed cautiously with any experimentation with policy radios out of concern for security, including the ability of end-users to hack the device and alter how it responds to policies” 19
20. Self Aware Networks 20 IBM Autonomic Network Challenge 2001 (traffic, time, power, CPNs, …) © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
21. Gödel Coding for Intel-JVM Symbol Number Symbol Number Symbol Number 0 1 succ 3 ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ 5 ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ 7 ∀ ∀ ∀ ∀ 9 21 Gödel Coding α α α αS→ → → → N ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ 5 ∨ ∨ ∨ ∨ 7 ∀ ∀ ∀ ∀ 9 ( 11 ) 13 Gödel Decoding N → → → → α α α αS 11*13 = 143 → → → → ‘( )’ ∈ ∈ ∈ ∈ alphabet α α α αS describes S∈ ∈ ∈ ∈ RCF
22. Fatal Flaw Mathematics Primitive Recursive Functions (PRF) Gödel 1934 Kleene 1941 Mitola 1999[19] g. While and Until Loops embody the Flaw 22 General Recursive Functions (GRF) DO I=1,10 IF X=10 Call Y X = X+1 END Loop © 2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
23. Turing-equivalent Security: Impossible “This Sentence Is False” If it’s true then it must be false, so Malware Goes Sony Root Kit “Ignore me” Stack Overflow “Do This” Valuable Intellectual Property of Stevens Institute of Technology – No Further Disclosure 23 If it’s true then it must be false, so Assert it false, and infer that it is true so Assert it true, then it is false, but … Computers Loop Forever Malware Goes Here Malware Goes Here This Computer Is Secure This Network Is Secure © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
24. Lakoff-Jackendoff-Ziemke Cognitive Linguistics < Bayi-Balan/>1 <Person/> <Animal/> 1. In Dyirbal culture culture, the male and female cannot be combined Lakoff Basic Categories: Things <Woman/> <Frau/> <Man/> <Mensch/> <Li/> <Giraffe/> <Chair/> Things are the fundamental neonatal gestalts Places define interactions among things Paths associate places in sequence for a purpose [Things moving down paths define actions] [Things that initiate or constrain actions are causes] <Mommy/> Experiential 24 © 1997-2010 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
25. Cognitive Linguistics Things 25 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
26. Cognitive Linguistics Behavior Model (CLBM) Things “Everybody knows” CLA first identifies the few universally common Things of a domain Places are the vector fields that characterize interaction possibilities for each Thing Places “Near Field, BLOS” designate subspaces Paths are sequences of places through which action may occur Paths “Multipath, MIMO” Basis for actions 26 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
27. Modeling Radio Dynamics Action is the movement of a Thing along a Path Actions “TX, RX” Induces What happened Transmit: Signal-In-Space = Thing.new(Tower) Transmit: Signal-In-Space = Thing.new(Tower) Cause is the Thing that initiates an Action Causes “ETSI” Constrains Who to fine Air Interface * Channel State 27 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
28. Cognitive Linguistics Metaphors • Things [Lakoff-Jackendoff] – Body experience of physical things: touch, eat, don’t eat, don’t touch • Mind metaphor: ideas, good ideas, bad ideas • Places [Sensorimotor interaction with a Thing] Video Game – Body is container: eat/ defecate, drink/ urinate, feel good, get sick – Room is a container in which we are contained • Activity is a place: goodness, success, failure, consequences – Non-visual space continues to exist: [certain] abstractions are real – Non-visual space continues to exist: [certain] abstractions are real • Paths [partially ordered (<) set of Places] [Lakoff-Jackendoff] – Physical movement experience • Activation is motion metaphor; Activity is journey (plan) metaphor • Actions [Thing moving down a Path] [Mitola] – Anger as burden, dangerous animal, opponent, fire, heat • Causes [Thing.Action that initiates or modulates Action] [Mitola] – Some Thing initiates {some [other] thing to move down a path} • Reason via metaphor: bodily experience => internal experience => expertise => abstraction => logic, language as shared experience 28 © 1997-2010 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
29. CLTD Policy Things 29 [Professors Hong Man and Joe Mitola, IEEE Conference on Semantics 2009] CLTD: Cognitive Linguistics for Technical Domains © 2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
30. 30 © 1997-2010 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
31. Heterogeneous Mobile Architecture [Ari Ahtiainen et al SDR Forum 08 ETSI TR 102 680 RRS Ref Arch] © 1997-2010 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved 31
32. Network On Chip Architectures 32 IMEC Tilera Tile64 NVidia GTX 285 10 Clusters 3 Streaming Multiprocessors 8 Processors © 1997-2010 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
33. CL Model of HW-SW Signal Processing Things “Everybody knows” CL modeling first identifies the few universally common Things of a (sub) domain Places are the vector fields that characterize interaction possibilities for each Thing 33 Places “IO, Memory” indexed subspaces 250MBps Paths include sequences of places through which action may occur Paths “Signal Flow Graph” Basis for actions © 1997-2010 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
34. CL Model of HW-SW Dynamics Action is the movement of a Thing along a Path Actions “Load, Run” Induces dynamic Things Load Load: Process[i] = Thing.new(Processor[j])[j,i] 34 “Abstract State Machine” Constrains dynamic Things Cause is the Thing that initiates or constrains an Action Causes ASM ASM MSC © 1997-2010 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
35. Semantic Waveform Portability 35 © 1997-2010 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved Cognitive Linguistics
36. CLBM Under the Hood thing 36 Actions: Signal Things flow through Functional Paths via Input-Process-Output Places driven by Causal Events © 1997-2010 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved UMD DIF Spiral CMU Others GNU Radio Early Adopter
37. Campbell Energy Bowen FAA Meyerrose Amoroso Hathaway Wynne Mitola Sachs ISP Levinshon Finance Privacy - Law LTG Elder Peake Medical Rodriguez Hi Tech Atkins Net Centric BG Davis STRATCOM McCarthy INSC Gong Taiwan Luiijf TNO LTC Jazri Malaysia Globalization Fifty five speakers: Draft Policy Guidebook © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved 37
38. 38 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
39. Industry Cybersecurity Consensus • Wireless Networks – Represent the most severe security requirements – Identity, QoS/ Denial of Service, User Emulation • Critical Needs • Critical Needs – LTE-equivalent security standard for converged wireless-core multimedia networks – Privacy-preserving identity-role[-situation agile?] management – beyond Role Based Access Control • CLBM for Secure Geospatial DSA 39
40. Conclusions • Radio Systems Engineering Perspective – Systems Engineering Methods, Processes, Tools ⇒ Heterogeneous Observable, Controllable, Secure • Global Collaboration – European, US, Asian Centers of Excellence – European, US, Asian Centers of Excellence – Market, Social, Government Value – Cybersecurity of Edge Networks and Devices • Expanding Commercialization – Devices, Algorithms, Services with Security 40 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
41. References (1 of 3) 1. George Lakoff, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things ()1987 2. Ray Jackendoff, Semantics and Cognition, volume 8 of Current Studies in Linguistics Series. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1983. 3. John R. Bender. 2001. Connecting language and vision using a conceptual semantics, Master’s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 4. Keith Bonawitz, Anthony Kim, and Seth Tardiff, An Architecture for Word Learning using Bidirectional Multimodal Structural Alignment Report for NSF Award IIS-0218861 W03-0605.pdf (Cambridge, MA: MIT) 2003 Award IIS-0218861 W03-0605.pdf (Cambridge, MA: MIT) 2003 5. Peter Gärdenfors, “Representing actions and functional properties in conceptual spaces,” Body, Language, Mind: Embodiment T. Ziemke et al, Editors (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter) 2007 6. M. Johnson and T. Rohrer “We are live creatures: Embodiment, American Pragmatism” in T. Ziemke, Ibid 7. John Koza, www.genetic-programming.org; Genetic Programming (Volumes 1 [92, MIT Press] through IV [Kluwer, 2003]) 8. Jing Liu et al, “Moving Block Sequence and Organizational Evolutionary Algorithm for General Floorplanning with Arbitrarily Shaped Rectilinear Blocks” IEEE Trans Evolutionary Computation (NY: IEEE Press) Oct 08 41 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
42. References (2 of 3) 9. John S. Powell, “Cognitive and Software Radio: A Public Safety Regulatory Perspective” (nstpc.org) 2004 10. J. Mitola, Software Radio Architecture (NY: Wiley) 2000 11. J. Mitola, Cognitive Radio Architecture (NY: Wiley) 2006 12. W. Wayt Gibbs, “Autonomic Computing,” Scientific American (NY: Scientific American) May 2002 13. Halimic et al, “Optimal Functional Mapping Onto End-To-End Reconfigurable 13. Halimic et al, “Optimal Functional Mapping Onto End-To-End Reconfigurable (E2R) Equipment Hardware Platform,” Proc. SDR Forum Technical Conference 2006 (Orlando, FL: SDR Forum) 2006 14. Gary Rose, Wireless Broadband and the Redlining of Rural America (www.wirelessfuture.newamerica.net) April 2010 15. I. Suzuki et al, “Reduced Cluster Search ML Decoding for QO-STBC Systems” (Brazil: State University of Londrina) 2009 16. E. Bogenfeld & Ingo Gaspard "Self-x in Radio Access Networks,” E3 White Paper (Version 1.0, 2008-12-22) 2008 42 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved
43. References (3 of 3) 17. Dominique NUSSBAUM et al, “Open Platform For Prototyping Of Advanced Software Defined Radio And Cognitive Radio Techniques,” Proc. 12th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (NY: IEEE Press)2009 18. Erol Gelenbe et al, “Self-Aware Networks and QoS,” Proc. IEEE (NY: IEEE Press) Sep 2004 43 © 1997-2011 Dr. Joseph Mitola III All Rights Reserved