使用Eloquent ORM

於 2014/12/6, 7, 13, 14 受邀於 彰化師範大學 資訊工程學系系學會 進行 Laravel 工作坊，內容共分 12 個主題：

0. 工作坊簡介 - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/gong-zuo-fang-jian-jie
1. 開發環境建置 - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/kai-fa-huan-jing-jian-zhi
2. 開發流程與工具介紹 - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/kai-fa-liu-cheng-yu-gong-ju-jie-shao
3. 專案啟動與設定 - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/zhuan-an-qi-dong-yu-she-ding
4. Schema & Migration 操作 - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/schema-and-migrationcao-zuo
5. Model & Seeding 整合 - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/model-and-seeding-zheng-he
6. 使用 Eloquent ORM - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/shi-yong-eloquent-orm
7. Route 機制 - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/route-ji-zhi
8. View 與 Blade 樣板引擎 - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/view-yu-blade-yang-ban-yin-qing
9. 連結 Controller - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/lian-jie-controller
10. CRUD 綜合應用 - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/crud-zong-he-ying-yong
11. 使用者認證 - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/shi-yong-zhe-ren-zheng
12. 應用程式佈署 - https://speakerdeck.com/shengyou/ying-yong-cheng-shi-bu-shu

完整課程訊息請見：http://www.laravel-dojo.com/courses/laravel4-first-class
程式碼範例請見：https://github.com/laravel-dojo/laravel4-first-class-example

Transcript

1. Laravel ޻࡞๥ ࢖༻ Eloquent ORM shengyou @ জࢣେࢿ޻ܥላ။ (2014.12.07)
2. ֊ஈ೚຿ • ላश Eloquent ORM త࢖༻ํࣜɼྃղ Laravel ૢ࡞ࢿྉݿతํ๏ • ላश೗Կ࢖༻ artisan tinkerɺdd() ౳޻۩ ိڠॿଌࢼ Model ఔࣜᛰ
3. ࢖༻ Eloquent ORM
4. ॄኄੋ ORMʁ • ORM = Object-relational mapping • ؆ᄸိ㘸ɼबੋ೺ࢿྉݿཫҰචҰචతࢿ ྉᏓ੒෺݅ိૢ࡞ɻṜࠣ෺݅ಁա៺ঝՄ Ҏ⃧Ճߋଟతํ๏ɼᩋࢿྉݿతૢ࡞ (CRUD) ߋՃ௚᧷ɺํศ
5. ҝॄኄཁ༻ ORMʁ • ݪຊࡏሜࢿྉݿ查ᨑ࣌ɼԟԟधཁࣗߦґ রधٻḤሜ SQL 查ᨑࣜɼᙛ查ᨑࣜᏓ ௕ɺ᮫࿆೔਼ෳᯑ࣌ɼ኷೉௚᧷ྃղ֘查 ᨑࣜత࡞༻ • ࣗߦ႔ཧ SQL 查ᨑࣜ࣌ɼ໵ध֬ೝ༌ೖ తࣈ۲ੋ൱౎༗ Escape Ҏ๷҆શੑྀٙ
6. Model ׳ྫ • Laravel త૬᮫׳ྫෳश - Ұݸ resource ሣጯ౸ DB ཫతҰݸ table - Ұݸ model ሣጯ౸ table ཫతҰݸ row - table ໊᜝༻ෳᏐʀ model ໊᜝༻ᄸᏐ - ኺࢿྉදऔग़ိత౦੢ੋ Collectionɼ Մᙛ ਞྻ(array) ࢖༻
7. tinker খ㢨ख • PHP ຊ਎༗㚎ݐޓಈࢦྩ (REPL) ໛ࣜɼ Մ༻ php -a ਐೖɼՄࡏଖதଌࢼఔࣜᛰ • tinker ଇੋ Laravel ఏڙత artisan ࢦྩɼআ ྃਐೖ PHP త REPL ໛ࣜ֎ɼՃࡌ Laravel ॴ༗෺݅؀ڥɼՄᩋզ၇ࡏଖதଌࢼ Laravel తఔࣜᛰ ˒ tinker 㘸໌ɿhttp://laravel-recipes.com/recipes/280/interacting-with-your-application
8. artisan tinker • ਐೖ PHP ޓಈ໛ࣜɼฒࡌೖ Laravel ؀ڥ - ՄҎ௚઀ࡏࢦྩ໛ࣜԼૢ࡞ Laravel ֤ݩ ݅ɼଌࢼఔࣜሜ๏ - ཁ݁ଋ੥༻ exit; ࢦྩ • ൣྫɿ $  php  artisan  tinker [1]  >  exit; ˒ ༝ԙ tinker ૬ґత extension pcntl ࡏ Windows ্ᔒ༗መ࡞ɼҼࠑແ ๏શޭೳࢧԉ tinker ޭೳɿhttp://php.net/manual/en/pcntl.installation.php
9. dd() ଌࢼ޻۩ • Laravel 㚎ݐҰݸ debug ีॿവࣜɿdd() - ଖመबੋ೺ᏓᏐ㟚ਐ var_dump ޙ exit - ՄҎࡏ೚Կ஍ํ࢖༻ɼଌࢼఔࣜᛰྲྀ ఔɺᬓाɺྃղ෺݅㚎༰ • ൣྫɿ $post  =  Post::find(1); dd($post); ˒ dd() 㘸໌ɿhttp://laravel.com/docs/4.2/helpers#miscellaneous
10. ৽⃧ࢿྉ • ࢖༻ new ݐߏࣜ - ௚઀࢖༻ new ݐߏࣜ㗞ੜ Model መᱪɼ ࠶ଘ䈕 • ൣྫɿ $post  =  new  Post; $post-­‐>title  =  ‘My  Title’; $post-­‐>save();
11. ৽⃧ࢿྉ • create($array); - ኺਞྻ৽⃧ࢿྉɼਞྻత key 值ࣗಈሣ ጯ౸ࢿྉදతཝҐ • ൣྫɿ $post  =  Post::create($input);
12. Mass Assignment • Laravel త ORM ՄҎ௚઀༻ Mass Assignment తํࣜ௚઀৽⃧ࢿྉɼޠ๏؆ ܿɺշ଎ํศɼୠ༗Մೳ။༗҆શੑ໰୊ • ࡏ generator 㗞ੜత Model ཫɼfillable త ሱੑबੋࡏઃఆ䬟ࠣཝҐՄҎ࢖༻ Mass Assignment ၏ҝ๷ڔखஈ ˒ ׭໢จ݅ɿhttp://laravel.tw/docs/4.2/eloquent#mass-assignment
13. Mass Assignment ܯࣔ
14. ઃఆ fillableɺguarded • ࡏ Model 㚎ઃఆ fillable ሱੑɼࢦఆ䬟ࠣཝ ҐՄҎಁա Mass Assignment ိሜೖ/ߋ৽ ࢿྉ • guarded ଇੋ૬൓తሱੑɼઃఆޙՄҎอ ޢಛఆཝҐෆ࢖༻ Mass Assignment • ൣྫɿ protected  $fillable  =  [‘title’,  ‘content’,  ‘category_id’]; protected  $guarded  =  [‘id’,  ‘password’];
15. ႟আࢿྉ • delete(); - ઌऔग़ Model መᱪޙɼ࠶႟আ • ൣྫɿ $post  =  Post::find(1); $post-­‐>delete();
16. ႟আࢿྉ • destroy($id); - ႟আҰචࢿྉɼ࢖༻ primary key • destroy([1, 2, 3]); - ႟আଟචࢿྉɼ࢖༻ array ၚ值 • destroy(1, 2, 3); - ႟আଟචࢿྉɼ࢖༻ଟჩᏐၚ值
17. ߋ৽ࢿྉ • save(); • ઌऔग़ Model መᱪޙɼ࠶਑ሣሱੑߋ ৽ɼશ෦׬੒ޙ࠶ଘ䈕 • ൣྫɿ $post  =  Post::find(1); $post-­‐>title  =  ‘My  New  Title’; $post-­‐>save();
18. ߋ৽ࢿྉ • update($array); - ኺਞྻߋ৽ࢿྉɼਞྻత key 值ࣗಈሣ ጯ౸ࢿྉදతཝҐ • ൣྫɿ $post  =  Post::find(1); $post-­‐>update($input);
19. 查ਘࢿྉ • all() // औग़શ෦ࢿྉ • find($id); // ࢖༻ primary key • where(‘ཝҐ’, ‘ᑍ݅’, ‘值’); • orderBy(‘ཝҐ’, ‘ഉংํࣜ’); • get(); // ճၚ Collection • first(); // ճၚ Model
20. Collection ஞචऔग़ • ኺ Model 查ᨑత݁ՌɼEloquent ။ճၚҰ ݸ Collectionɼଖߦҝब૾ਞྻҰᒬɼՄ Ҏࢧԉ༻ foreach औग़ࢿྉ • ൣྫɿ $posts  =  Post::all();  //  $posts  ੋ  Collection foreach($posts  as  $post) {        echo  $post-­‐>title;  //  $post  ੋ  Model }
21. ಛҟޭೳ • paginate($per_page); - ґઃఆతචᏐࡏ Query 㚎Ճ Limit ޠ ๏ɼࡏ view ্Մࣗಈࢧԉ෼ท • random($num); - ኺ Collection ᬋػऔग़ n චࢿྉ
22. ߋଟ ORM ૢ࡞ํࣜ • ׭ํจ݅ - http://laravel.tw/docs/4.2/eloquent#insert- update-delete • Collection ༻๏ - http://jenssegers.be/blog/51/laravel- collections-are-awesome
23. ଘ䈕ᴍ • ࢼஶ೺ݱࡏቮៃՄҎӡ࡞తఔࣜᛰՃೖ൛ ຊ߇੍㚎 • ྲྀఔఏ੧ɿ - working directory > staging area > commit
24. ࢿྉද᮫࿆
25. ࢿྉදؒత᮫࿆
26. Model ࢿྉ᮫࿆ • ࡏ Model 㚎ఆٛଖᢛଖଞ Model ؒత᮫࿆ ྨܕ Eloquent ब။ࣗಈሡṜݸ᮫࿆Ꮣ੒෺ ݅ؒతሱੑɼࣕແधࣗߦԼ SQL ޠ๏ • ൣྫɿ public  function  {㠥Ұݸ  Model  త໊᜝(ᄸ/ෳᏐ)}() {        return  $this-­‐>{᮫࿆ྨܕ}(‘{Model  ໊᜝}’); }
27. ᮫࿆ྨܕ • belongsTo(‘Model’); - ᓤሱԙ㠥Ұݸ Model • hasMany(‘Model’); - ༴༗ଟݸ Model ˒ ᮫࿆ྨܕৄࡉ㘸໌ɿhttp://laravel.tw/docs/4.2/eloquent#relationships
28. ࢿྉ᮫࿆ઃఆ Post ᮫࿆ઃఆ
29. ࢿྉ᮫࿆ઃఆ Category ᮫࿆ઃఆ
30. ࢿྉ᮫࿆ઃఆ Comment ᮫࿆ઃఆ
31. Model 㚎औ༻᮫࿆ • ೺ࢿྉؒత᮫࿆༻෺݅తํࣜڈࢥߟɼଈ Մಁա Model తሱੑ值ڈऔಘ᮫࿆ޙతࢿ ྉ㚎༰ • ൣྫɿ $post  =  Post::find(1); echo  $post-­‐>category-­‐>name; foreach($post-­‐>comments  as  $comment) {        echo  $comment-­‐>content; }
32. ଘ䈕ᴍ • ࢼஶ೺ݱࡏቮៃՄҎӡ࡞తఔࣜᛰՃೖ൛ ຊ߇੍㚎 • ྲྀఔఏ੧ɿ - working directory > staging area > commit
33. ֊ஈᒾ查ද • ࡏ routes.php 㚎ଌࢼ Eloquent ORM ༻๏ త get request نଇᏐݸ • ࡾݸ Model 㚎౎༗ሣጯత᮫࿆ᬓाઃఆ
34. ໰ᢛ౴ ላһՄ։࢝࿅शɺመ࡞
35. ᄸݩখ݁ • ࡏṜݸᄸݩཫɼզ၇㘸໌ላश೗Կ࢖༻ Eloquent ORM ਐߦࢿྉૢ࡞ɼฒኺ tinker ٴ route 㚎ྃղૢ࡞݁Ռ • ԼҰݸᄸݩɼզ၇ሡላश Laravel తྲྀఔ ႔ཧٴ Route ઃఆ