Tī Android Siōng時行ê架構設計

Transcript

1. Tī Android Siōng時⾏ê架構設計 Modern Android Architecture Design Patterns Ngôo Hê-bí, @MOPCON, 2017/10/28
2. 話頭 • This talk will be given in Taiwanese (Tâi-gí) • These slides are written in Taiwanese (Tâi-gí jī) • Why? • UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity 2001 • (聯合國教科⽂組織 世界⽂化多樣性宣⾔) • My mother language is Taiwanese (Tâi-gí) • MOPCON is at Kaohsiung
3. ⾃我紹介 • Ngôo Hê-bí (Ngôo Ka-bîng) • Android/iOS 開發者 (7冬) • Tsit-má是⾃由⼯作者 (freelancer) • GDG Koahsiung 組織者 (organizer) • Mā teh做huî-á、教Tâi-gí
4. Tī Android Siōng時⾏ê架構設計 Modern Android Architecture Design Patterns
5. 哪會想beh講tsit ê題⽬︖ • MOPCON 過去無⼈講--過，tsiânn bô-tshái • 較基礎ê問題，差不多lóng hông解決--ah • App開發公司lú來lú穩定，需要較好維護ê架構 • App增加ê功能lú來lú tsē，lú複雜 • Tsit幾冬tī Android社群⼀直teh討論 • Android架構pháinn處理ê問題已經⾜久，Google 總算提出解決ê法度 (2017 Google I/O)
6. 今仔Beh分張ê內容 • Tsit ê題⽬範圍put-tsí-á⼤ • 若無去hōo⽕燙--過，m ̄ 知疼 • M ̄ 知是按怎beh⽤，差tī tó-ūi • ⼤部份是整理，kauh參考資料 • Ē-sái轉--去ta ̍ uh-ta ̍ uh-á看 • Siōng尾有我ka-tī ê想法kap選擇
7. 適合聽ê對象 • 對Android ê架構無概念、無寫過複雜ê app • 感覺async處理真麻煩 • 便若寫client app tio ̍ h tsiok痛苦 • 看無RxJava teh tshòng siánn • 想欲知影Architecture Components ê好處tī tó-ūi • 想欲參考建議ê架構設計
8. 過去有tī Android 討論過ê架構設計 Android Architecture Design Patterns
9. 過去有tī Android討論過ê架構設計 • MVC • MVP • MVVM • Clean Architecture
10. 過去有tī Android討論過ê架構設計 • MVC • MVP • MVVM • Clean Architecture
11. 過去有tī Android討論過ê架構設計 • MVC vs. MVP vs. MVVM on Android • https://academy.realm.io/ posts/eric-maxwell-mvc- mvp-and-mvvm-on- android/ • https://github.com/ ericmaxwell2003/ ticTacToe
12. 過去有tī Android討論過ê架構設計 • MVC • MVP • MVVM • Clean Architecture
13. 過去有tī Android討論過ê架構設計 • Uncle Bob (Robert C. Martin) • Clean Architecture (2012) • Fernando Cejas • Architecting Android...The clean way? (2014) • Tomislav Homan • Applying clean architecture on Android (2016)
14. 過去有tī Android討論過ê架構設計 • Uncle Bob (Robert C. Martin) • Clean Architecture (2012) • Fernando Cejas • Architecting Android...The clean way? (2014) • Tomislav Homan • Applying clean architecture on Android (2016)
15. https://8thlight.com/blog/uncle-bob/2012/08/13/the-clean-architecture.html
16. 分層ê架構 Layered architecture
17. 過去有tī Android討論過ê架構設計 • Uncle Bob (Robert C. Martin) • Clean Architecture (2012) • Fernando Cejas • Architecting Android...The clean way? (2014) • Tomislav Homan • Applying clean architecture on Android (2016)
18. https://fernandocejas.com/2014/09/03/architecting-android-the-clean-way/
19. https://fernandocejas.com/2014/09/03/architecting-android-the-clean-way/
20. 過去有tī Android討論過ê架構設計 • Uncle Bob (Robert C. Martin) • Clean Architecture (2012) • Fernando Cejas • Architecting Android...The clean way? (2014) • Tomislav Homan • Applying clean architecture on Android (2016)
21. http://five.agency/android-architecture-part-3-applying-clean-architecture-android/
22. http://five.agency/android-architecture-part-3-applying-clean-architecture-android/ 實際ê modules
23. http://five.agency/android-architecture-part-3-applying-clean-architecture-android/ 實際ê modules
24. http://five.agency/android-architecture-part-3-applying-clean-architecture-android/ 實際ê modules
25. http://five.agency/android-architecture-part-3-applying-clean-architecture-android/ 實際ê modules
26. http://five.agency/android-architecture-part-3-applying-clean-architecture-android/ 實際ê modules
27. 已經有bē bái ê 架構設計
28. Android開發應該是 無kài困難？
29. 過去Android kap架構 相關siōng tsē ê問題 The real-world problems of Android architecture
30. 過去Android kap架構相關siōng tsē ê問題 • Android ê基礎原件 • Activity, Fragment, Service, ContentProvider, BroadcastReceiver • Siōng⼤ê問題 • Lifecycle
31. Activity Lifecycle • onCreate • onStart • onResume • onPause • onStop • onRestart • onDestroy
32. Fragment Lifecycle https://github.com/xxv/android-lifecycle • onAttach • onCreate • onCreateView • onViewCreate • onActivityCreated • onViewRestored • onStart • onResume • onPause • onStop • onDestroyView • onDestroy • onDetach
33. 過去Android kap架構相關siōng tsē ê問題 • Siōng⼤ê問題哪會是Lifecycle︖ 1. App元件是ē-sái hông隨時使⽤a ̍ h-sī結束--ê 2. Async call
34. 過去Android kap架構相關siōng tsē ê問題 • 哪會是Lifecycle︖ 1. App元件是ē-sái hông隨時使⽤a ̍ h-sī結束--ê 2. Async call
35. App元件是ē-sái hông隨時使⽤a ̍ h-sī結束--ê • 看1 ê例 • Phah開Facebook app，beh分張1張相⽚ • Beh hip-siōng，跳去相機ê app • 可能你beh選hip好ê相⽚，跳去選檔案ê app • 若koh有⼈khà電話來 • 繼續本來ê動作 • Uploading
36. App元件是ē-sái hông隨時使⽤a ̍ h-sī結束--ê • Sóo-pái • App元件lóng是短命--ê • In ê lifecycle lóng m ̄ 是你ē-tàng控制--ê • 需要真細膩去處理你app ê狀態 • Tiānn-tiānn會tsō-sîng複雜ê狀態管理問題
37. 過去Android kap架構相關siōng tsē ê問題 • 哪會是Lifecycle︖ 1. App元件是ē-sái hông隨時使⽤a ̍ h-sī結束--ê 2. Async call
38. Async call • I/O lóng需要async call • ⼤部份ê app其實lóng是「Client」 • Client基本上ē-sái看做是⼈kap資訊ê介⾯ • 透過「async call」來互動
39. Async call • 「Async call」tī Android內底ê情形︖ • Async call是tī「worker thread」 • Lifecycle是tī「main thread」
40. Async call • Async call • Kap Android Lifecycle是無kâng ê世界 • Response啥物時陣會轉--來無⼈知 • 若tsiok tsē beh按怎管理 • Lifecycle • 狀態隨時lóng會改變 • Ài tsiok細膩管理其他元件ê狀態 • 2 ê kap做伙，問題lú複雜
41. 因為⼤大部份ê app lóng是client app
42. Android client ê 架構問題 The problems of Android client architecture
43. Android client ê 架構問題 • REST Client • Async call bái處理 • REST API 無合⽤ • Khe̍ h--tio ̍ h ê資料需要koh再轉換 • 複雜ê error狀態無好管理 • Giâ-kê ê程式碼 (Boilerplate codes) • 介⾯ê資料binding • 資料保存
44. Android client ê 架構問題 • REST Client • Async call bái處理 • REST API 無合⽤ • Khe̍ h--tio ̍ h ê資料需要koh再轉換 • 複雜ê error狀態無好管理 • Giâ-kê ê程式碼 (Boilerplate codes) • 介⾯ê資料binding • 資料保存
45. Async call bái處理理 • Tī Android ê lifecycle內底，beh處理async call是 真複雜ê代誌，ài管理無kâng ê狀態 • Client tiānn-tiānn會同齊有kúi-nā ê async call teh ⾛，管理真麻煩 • AsyncTask︖Volley︖Kám好⽤︖ • Configuration changes • ⼿機仔tńg⽅向、換系統ê語⾔
46. Android client ê 架構問題 • REST Client • Async call bái處理 • REST API 無合⽤ • Khe̍ h--tio ̍ h ê資料需要koh再轉換 • 複雜ê error狀態無好管理 • Giâ-kê ê程式碼 (Boilerplate codes) • 介⾯ê資料binding • 資料保存
47. REST API ê組合 • 若是有ka-tī團隊負責backend ê開發，API ē-sái ka-tī控制，就較無問題 • M ̄ -koh若是⽤別⼈服務ê API，tio ̍ h tiānn tú-tio ̍ h API無合⽤ê問題 • 可能beh ài ê 1筆資料，tio ̍ h需要request tsiok tsē kái才有
48. REST API ê組合 • 例：Beh tshuē móo-mí-lâng ê github，伊ê repositories 1. GET /user • "repos_url": “https://api.github.com/users/ user_id/repos” 2. GET https://api.github.com/users/user_id/repos
49. Android client ê 架構問題 • REST Client • Async call bái處理 • REST API 無合⽤ • Khe ̍ h--tio ̍ h ê資料需要koh再轉換 • 複雜ê error狀態無好管理 • Giâ-kê ê程式碼 (Boilerplate codes) • 介⾯ê資料binding • 資料保存
50. Khe̍ h--tio ̍ h ê資料需要koh再轉換 • 例：Beh tshuē móo-mí-lâng ê github，伊ê repository ê星，有超過100 ê--ê 1. GET /users/user_id/repos 2. 過濾repo ê星有超過100 ê--ê
51. Android client ê 架構問題 • REST Client • Async call bái處理 • REST API 無合⽤ • Khe̍ h--tio ̍ h ê資料需要koh再轉換 • 複雜ê error狀態無好管理 • Giâ-kê ê程式碼 (Boilerplate codes) • 介⾯ê資料binding • 資料保存
52. 複雜ê error狀態無好管理 • 例：你beh lia ̍ h你Facebook全部600 ê朋友ê資 料，API ài分⾴去khe̍ h，1 pái kan-na khe̍ h會tio ̍ h 100筆，ài討6 pái才討會完 • 1 pái送6 ê API call • 若其中1 ê API call有問題 • Error流程真複雜
53. Android client ê 架構問題 • REST Client • Async call bái處理 • REST API 無合⽤ • Khe̍ h--tio ̍ h ê資料需要koh再轉換 • 複雜ê error狀態無好管理 • Giâ-kê ê程式碼 (Boilerplate codes) • 介⾯ê資料binding • 資料保存
54. Giâ-kê ê程式碼 (Boilerplate codes) • 例：你beh lia ̍ h你Facebook全部600 ê朋友ê資 料，API ài分⾴去khe̍ h，1 pái kan-na khe̍ h會tio ̍ h 100筆，ài討6 pái才討會完 • 第1 ê API call了，才ē-sái接第2 ê，koh suah-- 落-去... • 若⽤AsyncTask寫 • onPostExecute內底ài寫幾層︖ • Callback hell
55. Android client ê 架構問題 • REST Client • Async call bái處理 • REST API 無合⽤ • Khe̍ h--tio ̍ h ê資料需要koh再轉換 • 複雜ê error狀態無好管理 • Giâ-kê ê程式碼 (Boilerplate codes) • 介⾯ê資料binding • 資料保存
56. 介⾯ê資料binding • Ài寫tsiok tsē giâ-kê ê code • findViewById • onClickListener • Ta ̍ k-ê UI元件 binding ê code • 無sánn好管理
57. Android client ê 架構問題 • REST Client • Async call bái處理 • REST API 無合⽤ • Khe̍ h--tio ̍ h ê資料需要koh再轉換 • 複雜ê error狀態無好管理 • Giâ-kê ê程式碼 (Boilerplate codes) • 介⾯ê資料binding • 資料保存
58. 資料保存 • 資料庫 • SQLite kap ContentProvider真麻煩 • SQLiteOpenHelper • Schema、migration • ContentProvider • Uri、query builder
59. Suah--來來，lán來來看 有啥物解決ê步數
60. Tī Android siōng時⾏ê 架構設計 Modern Android Architecture Design Patterns
61. 先講結論， 我ka-tī ê選擇是...
62. RxJava 2 Flowable Realm Database Realm SDK RxJava RealmResult LiveData
63. Tī Android siōng時⾏行行ê 架構設計 • Retrofit • RxJava / RxAndroid / RxLifecycle • Data Binding library • Realm Database • Android Architecture Components • Lifecycle-aware • LiveData • ViewModel • Room
64. Tī Android siōng時⾏行行ê 架構設計 • Retrofit • RxJava / RxAndroid / RxLifecycle • Data Binding library • Realm Database • Android Architecture Components • Lifecycle-aware • LiveData • ViewModel • Room
66. Retrofit • Siōng出名mā siōng好⽤用ê client library • 無需要寫tsiok tsē giâ-kê ê 程式碼 • 使⽤用簡單，mā有彈性 • Ē-sái選你kah-ì ê JSON converter • ⽤用OkHttp做連線ê基礎 • ⽀支援sync call & async call • ⽀支援RxJava / RxJava 2 (Retrofit adapters)
67. Tī Android siōng時⾏行行ê 架構設計 • Retrofit • RxJava / RxAndroid / RxLifecycle • Data Binding library • Realm Database • Android Architecture Components • Lifecycle-aware • LiveData • ViewModel • Room
69. 哪會beh⽤用ReactiveX • 過去因為Java ê特性，lóng會ùi OOP(Object- oriented Programming) ê 角度落去思考kap設計 • M ̄ -koh tī Android內底，ài⾯對Lifecycle kap async call ê複雜狀態，ùi時間kap資料liû ê角度 去看是較簡單--ê
71. 事件驅動ê架構 Event-driven architecture
72. 哪會beh⽤用ReactiveX • ReactiveX • Reactive programming • Observer pattern
73. 哪會beh⽤用ReactiveX • Reactive programming • 解說真tsē款，mā無好理解 • 對初學者來講，beh到ē-hiáu⽤無簡單 • 簡單講tio ̍ h是「處理async資料liû ê程式」(programming with async data stream) • Observer pattern • Tī OOP內底1種design pattern • ⽤來實現reactive programming ê 1部份功能 • 接收async結果ê通知kap資料
74. 時間 資料liû... 處理理 結果 處理async資料liû ê程式
75. RxJava koh ē-sái解決複雜ê問題 • Observable data stream (Observer pattern) • Thread切換簡單 (RxAndroid) • Async call好處理理 (RxLifecycle) • Error好管理理 (onError:Exception) • 好⽤用ê operators • API組合 (zip operator) • 資料轉換 (map operator) • 資料過濾 (skip operator)
76. RxJava / RxAndroid / RxLifecycle • RxJava • Java版本ê ReactiveX • RxAndroid • Kap Android系統有相關ê部份 • RxLifecycle • START: subscribe • STOP: terminate
77. Tī Android siōng時⾏行行ê 架構設計 • Retrofit • RxJava / RxAndroid / RxLifecycle • Data Binding library • Realm Database • Android Architecture Components • Lifecycle-aware • LiveData • ViewModel • Room
78. Data Binding library • 官⽅ê support library • MVVM ê架構設計 • 較簡單ê UI binding • M ̄ 免寫⼀堆giâ-kê ê程式碼 (XML) • Event handling (click) • Observable objects
79. Tī Android siōng時⾏行行ê 架構設計 • Retrofit • RxJava / RxAndroid / RxLifecycle • Data Binding library • Realm Database • Android Architecture Components • Lifecycle-aware • LiveData • ViewModel • Room
81. Realm Database • 優點 • 除了SQLite ê選擇 (NOSQL) • RealmObject，像ORM • 速度⼤部份比ORM, SQLite較緊 • Safe threading • Reactive架構 • ⼀直有teh更新，關⼼技術議題 • Open source
82. Realm Database • ⽋點 • Query有⼀定ê限制 • APK size會變較⼤
83. Tī Android siōng時⾏行行ê 架構設計 • Retrofit • RxJava / RxAndroid / RxLifecycle • Data Binding library • Realm Database • Android Architecture Components • Lifecycle-aware • LiveData • ViewModel • Room
84. Android Architecture Components • Architecture Components - Introduction (Google I/O '17) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrteWKKVyzI • Architecture Components - Solving the Lifecycle Problem (Google I/O '17) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEKNi1JOrNs • Architecture Components - Persistence and Offline (Google I/O '17) • https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=MfHsPGQ6bgE
85. Android Architecture Components
86. Tī Android siōng時⾏行行ê 架構設計 • Retrofit • RxJava / RxAndroid / RxLifecycle • Data Binding library • Realm Database • Android Architecture Components • Lifecycle-aware • LiveData • ViewModel • Room
87. Lifecycle • “android.arch.lifecycle” package • android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle是1 ê class，khǹg Activity/Fragment lifecycle ê狀態，ē-sái hông觀察 • LifecycleOwner.getLifecycle() • 正式release了後，會增加到support library內底ê Activity/Fragment • Tsit-má暫時⽤LifecycleActivity/ LifecycleFragment
88. Lifecycle
89. Lifecycle-aware
90. Lifecycle-aware • M ̄ 免koh寫⼀堆控制ê code tī Activity/Fragment內 底 • override Activity.onStart() • override Activity.onStop() • Fire-and-forget components • Ka-tī管理ka-tī
91. Lifecycle • Best practices for Lifecycles • https://developer.android.com/topic/ libraries/architecture/lifecycle.html#lc-bp
92. Tī Android siōng時⾏行行ê 架構設計 • Retrofit • RxJava / RxAndroid / RxLifecycle • Data Binding library • Realm Database • Android Architecture Components • Lifecycle-aware • LiveData • ViewModel • Room
93. LiveData • 是1 ê observable data holder • Observer pattern • ⽽且是lifecycle-aware • Kan-na會tī有效ê lifecycle state ê時陣，khì更新 • STARTED a ̍ h-sī RESUMED • Kan-na會通知有效ê observers
94. LiveData • 優點 • 確定UI會kap你ê資料kāng款 • Bē有memory leak • Activity若停⽌，bē koh crash • Bē koh ka-tī烏⽩控制lifecycle • Ē-sái⽤singleton，分享資源 • extend LiveData
95. LiveData按怎⽤用 • Khǹg tī ViewModel內底
96. LiveData按怎⽤ • Observe
97. LiveData按怎⽤ • Update
98. LiveData a ̍ h-sī RxJava • Kāng款是reactive • LiveData • 入⾨較簡單 • RxJava • 概念較oh bat • Operators tsiânn厲害 • 有error管理
99. Tī Android siōng時⾏行行ê 架構設計 • Retrofit • RxJava / RxAndroid / RxLifecycle • Data Binding library • Realm Database • Android Architecture Components • Lifecycle-aware • LiveData • ViewModel • Room
100. ViewModel • 設計beh來保存kap管理和UI相關ê資料
101. ViewModel • 優點 • 內底ê資料活過configuration changes • Thâi掉koh têng創造1 ê Activity • Activity scope • 無kâng ê Fragment ē-sái⽤kāng 1 份資料 • Fragments互相溝通 • 比SavedInstanceState khǹg koh較tsē ê資料 • bundle：ài ē-sái serialized
102. ViewModel
103. ViewModel
104. Tī Android siōng時⾏行行ê 架構設計 • Retrofit • RxJava / RxAndroid / RxLifecycle • Data Binding library • Realm Database • Android Architecture Components • Lifecycle-aware • LiveData • ViewModel • Room
105. Room https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/room.html
106. Room https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/room.html
107. Room https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/room.html
108. Room • 比SQLiteHelper kap ContentProvider簡單tsiok tsē • 設定kám有比⼀般ê ORM libraries較簡單︖ • 優點 • ⽀援observable queries (reactive queries) • ⽽且回傳ê ē-sái是LiveData objects a ̍ h-sī Flowable (RxJava 2) • 官⽅⽀援
109. Room vs. Realm Database https://academy.realm.io/posts/android-architecture-components-and-realm/ (Room)
110. Room vs. Realm Database https://academy.realm.io/posts/android-architecture-components-and-realm/ (Room)
111. Tī Android siōng時⾏ê 架構設計 我ka-tī ê版本
112. MVVM: Data Binding Library Realm Database Realm SDK RxJava / RxAndroid RxLifecycle Before Android Architecture Components
113. Android Architecture Components
114. RxJava 2 Flowable Realm Database Realm SDK After Android Architecture Components RealmResult LiveData RxJava / RxAndroid
115. Tī Android siōng時⾏行行ê 架構設計 • 以上是我ka-tī ê選擇，無⼀定是siōng好--ê，a ̍ h-sī適合 每1 ê⼈ • Bóng參考 • 若有koh較好ê想法，歡迎ta ̍ k-ê來交流 • Ē-sái等--leh來tshuē--我 • Mā ē-sái來GDG Kaohsiung討論
116. https://github.com/googlesamples/android-architecture
119. Android Architecture Components • Guide to App Architecture • https://developer.android.com/topic/ libraries/architecture/guide.html • Codelab • https://codelabs.developers.google.com/ codelabs/android-lifecycles/#0
120. https://www.facebook.com/groups/AKDGroup/
122. To-siā! Ngôo Hê-bí jiamingwu15@gmail.com