true belongs_to :archiver, class_name: 'User', optional: true enum status: { draft: 0, published: 1, archived: 2 } validates :title, presence: true validates :publisher_id, presence: true, unless: :draft? validates :archiver_id, presence: true, if: :archived? def publish_by(user) update(publisher: user, published_at: Time.current) end end 25