MFA_Petfriendly.pdf

@[email protected]
One does not simply add MFA

Just like a walk into Mordor, good MFA is a journey

View Slide

@[email protected]
What you will learn
✓ What is MFA

✓ How to secure your accounts

✓ What are the MFA types

✓ How to protect users and
secure an application

✓ Potential testing steps

✓ MFA implementation best
practices
"Its black gates are guarded by more than just orcs. "

View Slide

@[email protected]
Taking notes or pictures 📝

Asking foolish questions 🤔

christine-seeman.com/talks
Things you don't need to worry about
"There is evil there that does not sleep, and the Great Eye is ever watchful"

View Slide

View Slide

@[email protected]
Back to the beginning
To when you signed up for

View Slide

@[email protected]

View Slide

View Slide

@[email protected]
What was the
hacker up to?
Calling your mobile provider

View Slide

@[email protected]
On the phone
with your mobile
provider...
Using social engineering

View Slide

@[email protected]
Now they have
all the access...
Sim swap/sim hijacking

View Slide

View Slide

@[email protected]
issms2fasecure.com/assets/sim_swaps-01-10-2020.pdf

View Slide

@[email protected]

View Slide

“
@[email protected]
We learned that SMS-based
authentication is not nearly as
secure as we would hope, and the
main attack was via SMS intercept

Christopher Slowe

Reddit chief technology of
fi
cer and founding engineer

August 2018

View Slide

@[email protected]
What is authentication?
The process of verifying that someone or
something is the actual entity that they claim
to be.

- OWASP.org

(these people know what they are talking about when it comes to security)

View Slide

@[email protected]
... but what are the different factors of auth?
✔Factor is knowledge (i.e. your password)

✔Is the other method choice

- Possession (token/soft token)

- Identity (biometrics)

View Slide

@[email protected]
2FA = 2SV = MFA = 2F? = ???

What about all those other acronyms...

View Slide

@[email protected]
Why didn't MFA help?
•SMS was used

•For most users MFA won’t even be enabled

View Slide

@[email protected]
• Most common

• Most compromised

• Not recommended
by NIST since 2016
SMS

View Slide

@[email protected]
If SMS wasn't bad enough
•SS7 (network shared by every telecom) has
it's own vulnerabilities

•Text messages that are sent can be
intercepted

View Slide

@[email protected]
Let's figure out
all the ways to
hack it...
1. Sim-swap (aka what just
happened to us)
2. Port-out scam
3. Brute force on the
application itself
4. Exploit SS7 weakness

View Slide

@[email protected]
• Associated with certain
authorized devices

• Not visible on a locked
phone screen
Push Based

View Slide

@[email protected]
… Push Based has
major drawbacks too
September 15th, 2022

View Slide

@[email protected]
Security Questions
• Convient

• Just an extension of your first factor,
password (knowledge)
🤨
❓ ❓

View Slide

@[email protected]
Email
• Convient

• Should only be used with
verified emails

• Less Common, may be in use
but not referred to as 2FA

View Slide

@[email protected]
Time-based One Time Password

aka app based

aka soft token

• Authy

• Google Authenticator

• 1Password
TOTP

View Slide

@[email protected]
Token based
Physical keys that can auth

• FIDO2/WebAuthn

• USB drive

• near-
fi
eld communication

• Many use U2F (Universal
2nd Factor)

View Slide

@[email protected]
OTP vs U2F

View Slide

@[email protected]
OTP U2F
• User has physical device

• Strong security from
public key cryptography

• No personal information
associated with a key
• Users type in codes

• Set up and provision required

• Secrets stored, providing a
single point of attack

View Slide

What would you change now?

View Slide

@[email protected]
Secure Your Account
1. Use long password/passphrase

2. Secure with alternate authentication method

3. Use a VOIP number

4. Don't reuse passwords

5. Pin/password protect phone provider

Keep on being @awesome

View Slide

@[email protected]
But wait...
Now you are the developer at jiffygram (an insta rival)

How do you secure your users from all the bad stuff
out there?

View Slide

@[email protected]
• Developers

• Designers

• Infrastructure

• Managers

• Not just info sec!
Security is everyone's job

View Slide

@[email protected]
wmcactionnews5.com/2019/12/11/family-says-hackers-accessed-ring-camera-their-year-old-daughters-room

View Slide

@[email protected]
nbc-2.com/story/41428183/stranger-spews-racial-slurs-over-familys-hacked-ring-camera

View Slide

@[email protected]
Back to your security basics
1. Strong passwords/passphrase 💪

2. Don't make them be rotated 🔁

3. Store the hash securely 🔒

4. Only store sensitive data that you need ⛔

View Slide

https://xkcd.com/936/ @[email protected]

View Slide

@[email protected]
Why this helps
•Greater entropy = harder to brute force the password

•Passwords should be hard to guess, but easy to remember

•Extra length + randomness allows for more entropy
(strength)

View Slide

View Slide

Do this 😄

View Slide

View Slide

@[email protected]

View Slide

Not this 😞

View Slide

⬆ that is 6 a's

View Slide

⬆ that is just six aaaaaa that ended up working

View Slide

@[email protected]
Let's talk about password hash encryption
• Just an algorithm that takes data and produces fixed-size output

• Some hashes are stronger then others

• MD5/SHA-1 = 👎

• SHA-256/512-bit SHA-2= 👍

• If possible with performance, use an adaptive one-way function

View Slide

@[email protected]
Strong recommended adaptive functions
Argon2

PBKDF2

Scrypta

Bcrypt

Head on over to OWASP.org for more details

View Slide

“
@[email protected]
…we made the decision to rotate customer
accounts on May 5, 2022, out of an abundance
of caution due to not all of the customers
having multi-factor authentication (MFA)
enabled at the time and potential for password
reuse.

Bob Wise

Heroku General Manager and Salesforce

View Slide

@[email protected]
...a user lost their phone/app access/token
• Recovery codes to
the rescue! 🦹

• Allows access to
application

• Shown once, used
once

View Slide

Choose your path
DIY BUY

View Slide

@[email protected]
If you choose to BUY
•Choose your vendor wisely

•What factor choices are available?

•What are your authorization and
authentication needs?

View Slide

@[email protected]
If you choose DIY
More flexibility
More security surface area to cover
More control over the user experience

View Slide

@[email protected]
Rate limiting prevents brute force attacks
@tech_christine

View Slide

@[email protected]
Rate limiting prevents brute force attacks

View Slide

@[email protected]
Use a truncated exponential back-off algorithm

View Slide

@[email protected]
What is an exponential back-off algorithm?

View Slide

@[email protected]
Get user buy-in

View Slide

@[email protected]

View Slide

@christine[email protected]
✓ Make it easy opt in

✓ Make it easy to add

✓ Make it visible

✓Make it flexible

View Slide

@[email protected]
Not this 😢
American Express

OpenShift

Net
fl
ix

Pandora

Pinterest

Spotify

Target

Best Buy

State Farm

AT&T

Twitter (well not right now)
🚫 MFA

View Slide

@[email protected]
• For editing/removing of
MFA require credentials

• If authentication does
fail, be generic in error
response
More authentication

View Slide

Do this

"Login failed - invalid user ID or password"

😙

View Slide

Not this

"Login for User awesome: invalid password"

"Login failed, invalid user ID"

"Login failed; account disabled"

"Login failed; this user is not active"

😖

View Slide

@[email protected]
Are we doing all we can to protect our users?

View Slide

@[email protected]

View Slide

@[email protected]
Users with the most amount of
privilege, 2FA is a requirement
not optional

View Slide

@[email protected]

View Slide

@[email protected]
MFA can help but...
• Can only improve security if you are
following secure password practices

• Some MFA methods are more secure
then others

View Slide

View Slide

@[email protected]
Thanks for having me PetFriendly!

Tyson Reeder for the final graphic

@tysondreeder

For references and further reading checkout

christine-seeman.com/talks

View Slide

@[email protected]
What questions can I answer?

View Slide

code!!

View Slide

@[email protected]
Twilio API Example

View Slide

@[email protected]
The Ruby One Time Password Library Example

View Slide

@[email protected]

View Slide

@[email protected]
But you need to
get this code to
your user...

View Slide

@[email protected]
Authy One Touch API Example

View Slide

@[email protected]
QR Code Rendering
https://github.com/whomwah/rqrcode
ROTP: TOTP
https://github.com/mdp/rotp
Twilio Ruby API
https://www.twilio.com/docs/libraries/ruby
Auth Ruby API
https://github.com/twilio/authy-ruby

View Slide

MFA_Petfriendly.pdf

MFA_Petfriendly.pdf

Christine

More Decks by Christine

Other Decks in Technology

Featured

Transcript