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Illustrated Guide To Kubernetes Networking
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Tim Hockin
September 21, 2016
Technology
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65k
Illustrated Guide To Kubernetes Networking
A short walk through of some ideas around container networking.
Tim Hockin
September 21, 2016
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Transcript
Google Cloud Platform An Illustrated Guide to Kubernetes Networking Tim
Hockin <thockin@google.com> Senior Staff Software Engineer @thockin
Google Cloud Platform Layer 2: ethernet
Google Cloud Platform node-a node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.1/16 11:22:33:44:55:01 192.168.1.2/16
01:23:45:67:89:02 192.168.1.3/16 11:22:33:44:55:03 192.168.1.4/16 01:23:45:67:89:04 L2 switch
Google Cloud Platform node-a node-c node-b node-d L2 to: 192.168.1.3
from: 192.168.1.1 GET / 192.168.1.1/16 11:22:33:44:55:01 192.168.1.2/16 01:23:45:67:89:02 192.168.1.3/16 11:22:33:44:55:03 192.168.1.4/16 01:23:45:67:89:04
Google Cloud Platform node-d node-b node-a node-c L2 to: <broadcast>
from: 11:22:33:44:55:01 who has 192.168.1.3? to: 192.168.1.3 from: 192.168.1.1 GET / 192.168.1.1/16 11:22:33:44:55:01 192.168.1.2/16 01:23:45:67:89:02 192.168.1.3/16 11:22:33:44:55:03 192.168.1.4/16 01:23:45:67:89:04 “ARP request”
Google Cloud Platform node-a node-c node-b node-d L2 to: 192.168.1.3
from: 192.168.1.1 GET / 192.168.1.1/16 11:22:33:44:55:01 192.168.1.2/16 01:23:45:67:89:02 192.168.1.3/16 11:22:33:44:55:03 192.168.1.4/16 01:23:45:67:89:04 to: 11:22:33:44:55:01 from: 11:22:33:44:55:03 I have 192.168.1.3 “ARP response”
Google Cloud Platform node-a node-c node-b node-d L2 to: 192.168.1.3
via: 11:22:33:44:55:03 from: 192.168.1.1 GET / 192.168.1.1/16 11:22:33:44:55:01 192.168.1.2/16 01:23:45:67:89:02 192.168.1.3/16 11:22:33:44:55:03 192.168.1.4/16 01:23:45:67:89:04
Google Cloud Platform node-a root netns eth0: 192.168.1.1/16 11:22:33:44:55:01 L2
with containers cbr0: 10.0.1.1/24 ctr-1 eth0: 10.0.1.2/24 ctr-2 eth0: 10.0.1.3/24 ctr-3 eth0: 10.0.1.4/24
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/16 11:22:33:44:55:01 node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.2/16
01:23:45:67:89:02 192.168.1.3/16 11:22:33:44:55:03 192.168.1.4/16 01:23:45:67:89:04 L2 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 aa:bb:cc:dd:e1:01 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 aa:bb:cc:dd:e3:02
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/16 11:22:33:44:55:01 node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.2/16
01:23:45:67:89:02 192.168.1.3/16 11:22:33:44:55:03 192.168.1.4/16 01:23:45:67:89:04 L2 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 aa:bb:cc:dd:e1:01 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 aa:bb:cc:dd:e3:02 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET /
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/16 11:22:33:44:55:01 node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.2/16
01:23:45:67:89:02 192.168.1.3/16 11:22:33:44:55:03 192.168.1.4/16 01:23:45:67:89:04 L2 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 aa:bb:cc:dd:e1:01 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 aa:bb:cc:dd:e3:02 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET / to: <broadcast> from: aa:bb:cc:dd:e1:01 who has 10.0.3.2? “ARP request”
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/16 11:22:33:44:55:01 node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.2/16
01:23:45:67:89:02 192.168.1.3/16 11:22:33:44:55:03 192.168.1.4/16 01:23:45:67:89:04 L2 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 aa:bb:cc:dd:e1:01 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 aa:bb:cc:dd:e3:02 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET / to: aa:bb:cc:dd:e1:01 from: 11:22:33:44:55:03 I have 10.0.3.2 “proxy ARP response”
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/16 11:22:33:44:55:01 node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.2/16
01:23:45:67:89:02 192.168.1.3/16 11:22:33:44:55:03 192.168.1.4/16 01:23:45:67:89:04 L2 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 aa:bb:cc:dd:e1:01 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 aa:bb:cc:dd:e3:02 to: 10.0.3.2 via: 11:22:33:44:55:03 from: 10.0.1.2 GET /
Google Cloud Platform Layer 3 - IP
Google Cloud Platform node-a node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.1/32 192.168.1.2/32 192.168.1.3/32
192.168.1.4/32 L3 gateway
Google Cloud Platform node-a node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.1/32 192.168.1.2/32 192.168.1.3/32
192.168.1.4/32 L3 to: 192.168.1.3 from: 192.168.1.1 GET /
Google Cloud Platform node-a node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.1/32 192.168.1.2/32 192.168.1.3/32
192.168.1.4/32 L3 to: 192.168.1.3 from: 192.168.1.1 GET /
Google Cloud Platform node-a node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.1/32 192.168.1.2/32 192.168.1.3/32
192.168.1.4/32 L3 to: 192.168.1.3 from: 192.168.1.1 GET / routing decision, static or learned (e.g. BGP)
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/32 node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.2/32 192.168.1.3/32
192.168.1.4/32 L3 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 ctr-2 10.0.3.2
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/32 node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.2/32 192.168.1.3/32
192.168.1.4/32 L3 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET /
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/32 node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.2/32 192.168.1.3/32
192.168.1.4/32 L3 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET /
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/32 node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.2/32 192.168.1.3/32
192.168.1.4/32 L3 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET / routing decision, static or learned (e.g. BGP)
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/32 node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.2/32 192.168.1.3/32
192.168.1.4/32 L3 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET /
Google Cloud Platform Overlays Q: When should I use an
overlay? A: When nothing else works, or when you have specific reasons to want it (e.g. the added value of management)
Google Cloud Platform node-a root netns eth0: 192.168.1.1/16 Overlay (e.g.
flannel, weave) cbr0: 10.0.1.1/24 ctr-1 eth0: 10.0.1.2/24 ctr-2 eth0: 10.0.1.3/24 ctr-3 eth0: 10.0.1.4/24 flannel0: 10.0.1.254/16
Google Cloud Platform node-a root netns eth0: 192.168.1.1/16 cbr0: 10.0.1.1/24
ctr-1 eth0: 10.0.1.2/24 ctr-2 eth0: 10.0.1.3/24 ctr-3 eth0: 10.0.1.4/24 flannel0: 10.0.1.254/16 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET / Overlay (e.g. flannel, weave)
Google Cloud Platform node-a root netns eth0: 192.168.1.1/16 cbr0: 10.0.1.1/24
ctr-1 eth0: 10.0.1.2/24 ctr-2 eth0: 10.0.1.3/24 ctr-3 eth0: 10.0.1.4/24 flannel0: 10.0.1.254/16 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET / Overlay (e.g. flannel, weave)
Google Cloud Platform node-a root netns eth0: 192.168.1.1/16 cbr0: 10.0.1.1/24
ctr-1 eth0: 10.0.1.2/24 ctr-2 eth0: 10.0.1.3/24 ctr-3 eth0: 10.0.1.4/24 flannel0: 10.0.1.254/16 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET / Overlay (e.g. flannel, weave)
Google Cloud Platform node-a root netns eth0: 192.168.1.1/16 cbr0: 10.0.1.1/24
ctr-1 eth0: 10.0.1.2/24 ctr-2 eth0: 10.0.1.3/24 ctr-3 eth0: 10.0.1.4/24 flannel0: 10.0.1.254/16 to: 192.168.1.3 from: 192.168.1.1 encap: to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET / Overlay (e.g. flannel, weave)
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/16 node-c node-b node-d 192.168.1.2/16 192.168.1.3/16
192.168.1.4/16 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 Overlay (e.g. flannel, weave)
Google Cloud Platform node-c root netns eth0: 192.168.1.3/16 cbr0: 10.0.3.1/24
ctr-4 eth0: 10.0.3.2/24 ctr-5 eth0: 10.0.3.3/24 ctr-6 eth0: 10.0.3.4/24 flannel0: 10.0.3.254/16 to: 192.168.1.3 from: 192.168.1.1 encap: to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET / Overlay (e.g. flannel, weave)
Google Cloud Platform node-c root netns eth0: 192.168.1.3/16 cbr0: 10.0.3.1/24
ctr-4 eth0: 10.0.3.2/24 ctr-5 eth0: 10.0.3.3/24 ctr-6 eth0: 10.0.3.4/24 flannel0: 10.0.3.254/16 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET / Overlay (e.g. flannel, weave)
Google Cloud Platform node-c root netns eth0: 192.168.1.3/16 cbr0: 10.0.3.1/24
ctr-4 eth0: 10.0.3.2/24 ctr-5 eth0: 10.0.3.3/24 ctr-6 eth0: 10.0.3.4/24 flannel0: 10.0.3.254/16 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 10.0.1.2 GET / Overlay (e.g. flannel, weave)
Google Cloud Platform Overlays - the hard part
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/16 node-c non-node node-d 192.168.1.2/16 192.168.1.3/16
192.168.1.4/16 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 Overlay (e.g. flannel, weave)
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/16 node-c non-node node-d 192.168.1.2/16 192.168.1.3/16
192.168.1.4/16 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 192.168.1.2 GET / Overlay (e.g. flannel, weave)
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/16 node-c non-node node-d 192.168.1.2/16 192.168.1.3/16
192.168.1.4/16 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 192.168.1.2 GET / Overlay (e.g. flannel, weave)
Google Cloud Platform node-a 192.168.1.1/16 node-c non-node node-d 192.168.1.2/16 192.168.1.3/16
192.168.1.4/16 ctr-1 10.0.1.2 ctr-2 10.0.3.2 to: 10.0.3.2 from: 192.168.1.2 GET / ?!?! Overlay (e.g. flannel, weave)
Google Cloud Platform We need a bridge between the physical
and overlay networks...
Google Cloud Platform We need a bridge between the physical
and overlay networks... • could: route to nodes • could: route to 1 or more bridge machines • could: run flannel on client machines
Google Cloud Platform We need a bridge between the physical
and overlay networks... • could: route to nodes • could: route to 1 or more bridge machines • could: run flannel on client machines • see “When should I use an overlay?”