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ゲーム理論ってなんだろう?
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Yushi Nakaya
June 25, 2017
Science
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ゲーム理論ってなんだろう?
第2回Tohoku INVENTOR オープニングトークにて発表したスライド.自身の高校時代の研究と,人工知能などについて.
Yushi Nakaya
June 25, 2017
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Transcript
ήʔϜཧͬͯͳΜͩΖ͏ʁ ʙήʔϜͷඞউ๏ͱਓೳʙ ౦େֶֶ෦ిؾใཧֶՊ̍ த༔ࢿ
!2 ήʔϜͷඞউ๏
!3 ˓ ˓ ˓ º º
!4 w ਓ͕ަޓʹνΣε൫্ͷཾԦ ඈं Λಈ͔͢ w ࠨ্ʹ࣋ͬͯߦͬͨϓϨΠϠͷউͪ w Wythoff’s gameͱ͍͏ήʔϜͷมछ
Corner the “Ryuoh”(ཾԦ) problem
!5 w ਓ͕ަޓʹνΣε൫্ͷཾԦ ඈं Λಈ͔͢ w ࠨ্ʹ࣋ͬͯߦͬͨϓϨΠϠͷউͪ w Wythoff’s gameͱ͍͏ήʔϜͷมछ
Corner the “Ryuoh”(ཾԦ) problem
!6 ɾG(x,y)=mex ({ G(u,v); (u,v)∈move(x,y)}) ɾG(0,0) = 0 (࠷ऴہ໘ͷGrundy0) Grundyͷఆٛ
!7 x y (x,y)=(0,0)
!8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 1 2 0 4 5 3 7 8 6 10 11 9 13 14 12 16 17 15 19 20 18 2 2 0 1 5 3 4 8 6 7 11 9 10 14 12 13 17 15 16 20 18 19 3 3 4 5 0 1 2 9 10 11 6 7 8 15 16 17 12 13 14 21 22 23 4 4 5 3 1 2 0 10 11 9 7 8 6 16 17 15 13 14 12 22 23 21 5 5 3 4 2 0 1 11 9 10 8 6 7 17 15 16 14 12 13 23 21 22 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 1 2 3 4 5 18 19 20 21 22 23 12 13 14 7 7 8 6 10 11 9 1 2 0 4 5 3 19 20 18 22 23 21 13 14 12 8 8 6 7 11 9 10 2 0 1 5 3 4 20 18 19 23 21 22 14 12 13 9 9 10 11 6 7 8 3 4 5 0 1 2 21 22 23 18 19 20 15 16 17 10 10 11 9 7 8 6 4 5 3 1 2 0 22 23 21 19 20 18 16 17 15 11 11 9 10 8 6 7 5 3 4 2 0 1 23 21 22 20 18 19 17 15 16 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 13 13 14 12 16 17 15 19 20 18 22 23 21 1 2 0 4 5 3 7 8 6 14 14 12 13 17 15 16 20 18 19 23 21 22 2 0 1 5 3 4 8 6 7 15 15 16 17 12 13 14 21 22 23 18 19 20 3 4 5 0 1 2 9 10 11 16 16 17 15 13 14 12 22 23 21 19 20 18 4 5 3 1 2 0 10 11 9 17 17 15 16 14 12 13 23 21 22 20 18 19 5 3 4 2 0 1 11 9 10 18 18 19 20 21 22 23 12 13 14 15 16 17 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 1 2 19 19 20 18 22 23 21 13 14 12 16 17 15 7 8 6 10 11 9 1 2 0 20 20 18 19 23 21 22 14 12 13 17 15 16 8 6 7 11 9 10 2 0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 1 2 0 4 5 3 7 8 6 10 11 9 13 14 12 16 17 15 19 20 18 2 2 0 1 5 3 4 8 6 7 11 9 10 14 12 13 17 15 16 20 18 19 3 3 4 5 0 1 2 9 10 11 6 7 8 15 16 17 12 13 14 21 22 23 4 4 5 3 1 2 0 10 11 9 7 8 6 16 17 15 13 14 12 22 23 21 5 5 3 4 2 0 1 11 9 10 8 6 7 17 15 16 14 12 13 23 21 22 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 1 2 3 4 5 18 19 20 21 22 23 12 13 14 7 7 8 6 10 11 9 1 2 0 4 5 3 19 20 18 22 23 21 13 14 12 8 8 6 7 11 9 10 2 0 1 5 3 4 20 18 19 23 21 22 14 12 13 9 9 10 11 6 7 8 3 4 5 0 1 2 21 22 23 18 19 20 15 16 17 10 10 11 9 7 8 6 4 5 3 1 2 0 22 23 21 19 20 18 16 17 15 11 11 9 10 8 6 7 5 3 4 2 0 1 23 21 22 20 18 19 17 15 16 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 13 13 14 12 16 17 15 19 20 18 22 23 21 1 2 0 4 5 3 7 8 6 14 14 12 13 17 15 16 20 18 19 23 21 22 2 0 1 5 3 4 8 6 7 15 15 16 17 12 13 14 21 22 23 18 19 20 3 4 5 0 1 2 9 10 11 16 16 17 15 13 14 12 22 23 21 19 20 18 4 5 3 1 2 0 10 11 9 17 17 15 16 14 12 13 23 21 22 20 18 19 5 3 4 2 0 1 11 9 10 18 18 19 20 21 22 23 12 13 14 15 16 17 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 1 2 19 19 20 18 22 23 21 13 14 12 16 17 15 7 8 6 10 11 9 1 2 0 20 20 18 19 23 21 22 14 12 13 17 15 16 8 6 7 11 9 10 2 0 1 !9 G((x, y)) = mod(x + y, 3) + 3(b x 3 c b y 3 c) ˞ୈճใॲཧֶձήʔϜใֶݚڀձएखྭड
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 1 2 0 4 5 3 7 8 6 10 11 9 13 14 12 16 17 15 19 20 18 2 2 0 1 5 3 4 8 6 7 11 9 10 14 12 13 17 15 16 20 18 19 3 3 4 5 0 1 2 9 10 11 6 7 8 15 16 17 12 13 14 21 22 23 4 4 5 3 1 2 0 10 11 9 7 8 6 16 17 15 13 14 12 22 23 21 5 5 3 4 2 0 1 11 9 10 8 6 7 17 15 16 14 12 13 23 21 22 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 1 2 3 4 5 18 19 20 21 22 23 12 13 14 7 7 8 6 10 11 9 1 2 0 4 5 3 19 20 18 22 23 21 13 14 12 8 8 6 7 11 9 10 2 0 1 5 3 4 20 18 19 23 21 22 14 12 13 9 9 10 11 6 7 8 3 4 5 0 1 2 21 22 23 18 19 20 15 16 17 10 10 11 9 7 8 6 4 5 3 1 2 0 22 23 21 19 20 18 16 17 15 11 11 9 10 8 6 7 5 3 4 2 0 1 23 21 22 20 18 19 17 15 16 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 13 13 14 12 16 17 15 19 20 18 22 23 21 1 2 0 4 5 3 7 8 6 14 14 12 13 17 15 16 20 18 19 23 21 22 2 0 1 5 3 4 8 6 7 15 15 16 17 12 13 14 21 22 23 18 19 20 3 4 5 0 1 2 9 10 11 16 16 17 15 13 14 12 22 23 21 19 20 18 4 5 3 1 2 0 10 11 9 17 17 15 16 14 12 13 23 21 22 20 18 19 5 3 4 2 0 1 11 9 10 18 18 19 20 21 22 23 12 13 14 15 16 17 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 1 2 19 19 20 18 22 23 21 13 14 12 16 17 15 7 8 6 10 11 9 1 2 0 20 20 18 19 23 21 22 14 12 13 17 15 16 8 6 7 11 9 10 2 0 1 !10 G((x, y)) = mod(x + y, 3) + 3(b x 3 c b y 3 c) ˞ୈճใॲཧֶձήʔϜใֶݚڀձएखྭड
!11
!12 "MQIB(PͷϩΰIUUQJHPSBJSBJDPNHPPHMFEFFQNJOEDIBMMFOHFNBUDIΑΓ
!13 ਓೳΛ༻͍ͨ൚༻తͳͷղܾ ➕
!14
!15 ิॿεϥΠυ
!16 x y
!17 x y 0ͱఆٛ͢Δ 0
!18 x 0 y
!19 x 0 ߦ͖ઌʹͳ͍ ࠷খͷෛͰͳ͍ y
!20 x 0 ࠓճ̌Λআ͘ ࠷খͷෛͰͳ͍ y
!21 x 0 Grundy 1ͱͳΔ 1 y
!22 x 0 1 y
!23 x 0 1 1 y
!24 x 0 1 1 y
!25 x 0 1 1 ߦ͖ઌʹͳ͍ ࠷খͷෛͰͳ͍ y
!26 x 0 1 1 0,1Λআ͘ ࠷খͷෛͰͳ͍ y
!27 x 0 1 1 2 Grundy 2ͱͳΔ y
!28 x 0 1 y
!29 x 0 1 y
!30 x 0 1 2 y
!31 x 0 1 2 2 1 y
!32 x 0 1 2 2 1 1,2Λআ͘ ࠷খͷෛͰͳ͍ y
!33 x 0 1 2 2 1 0 y
!34 x 0 1 y
!35 x 0 1 y
!36 x 0 1 2 y
!37 x 0 1 2 2 1 y
!38 x 0 1 2 2 1 0 y
!39 x 0 y
!40 x 0 1 1 2 2 0 2 0
y
!41 x 0 1 1 2 2 0 2 0
ߦ͖ઌʹͳ͍ ࠷খͷෛͰͳ͍ y
!42 x 0 1 1 2 2 0 2 0
1 y
!43 x 0 1 2 2 1 0 y 0͔Β0Ҏ֎ͷ
!44
!45 ɾG(x,y)=mex ({ G(u,v); (u,v)∈move(x,y)}) ɾG(0,0) = 0 (࠷ऴہ໘ͷGrundy0) Grundyͷఆٛ
!46 mex (A) ඇෛͷू߹ A ʹଘࡏ͠ͳ͍࠷খͷඇෛ G((x,y))=mex ({ G(u,v);
(u,v)∈move(x,y)})
!47 mex ({0,1,2,3,5}) = G((x,y))=mex ({ G(u,v); (u,v)∈move(x,y)})
!48 mex ({0,1,2,3,5}) = 4 G((x,y))=mex ({ G(u,v); (u,v)∈move(x,y)})
!49 G((x,y))=mex ({ G(u,v); (u,v)∈move(x,y)})
!50 move ((x, y)) (x, y)͔Β ̍खͰߦ͚Δશͯͷ߹ͷू߹ G((x,y))=mex ({
G(u,v); (u,v)∈move(x,y)})