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1. CHANGING THE GAME USING GAMIFICATION TO ENHANCE DIGITAL & LEARNING SERVICES Dr Zac Fitz-Walter | @zefcan | zac@gamificationgeek.com | www.gamificationgeek.com
2. 1. What is gamification? 2. Designing gamification 3. Examples in learning
4. Odenplan, Stockholm, Sweden http://www.thefuntheory.com/piano-staircase
7. The power of play
8. Gamification
9. Gamification
11. 1What is gamification?
12. Gamification is a special word.
13. trends.google.com 2009 2011 2013 2015 Web search interest in gamification
16. To do list Exercise tracker Social network
17. To do list Exercise tracker Social network
18. “The addition of game elements to non-game activities” (Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., & Nacke, L., 2011)
19. (Markets and Markets, 2016) “Gamification market to grow from $1.65 Billion in 2015 to $11.10 Billion by 2020” http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/gamification-market-991.html
20. But why would we want to do this?
21. Games are incredibly engaging
22. 68% of Australians play games (IGEA, 2016)
23. We spend on average 88 minutes a day playing games. (IGEA, 2016)
25. 50 billion hours of game time (WSJ, 2016) https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203458604577263273943183932
26. Why are games so engaging?
27. Intrinsically motivating
28. Intrinsic Motivation • Where motivation is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself • Intrinsic motivation exists within the individual, rather than relying on external pressures or a desire for reward Extrinsic Intrinsic
29. What makes games so intrinsically motivating?
30. Self-Determination Theory
31. •Is a theory of motivation which suggests that people tend to be driven by a need to grow and gain fulfilment •By satisfying three psychological allows us to optimally function and grow as people •Autonomy, Competency, Relatedness http://www.selfdeterminationtheory.org/theory/ Self-Determination Theory
32. Self-Determination Theory 1. Autonomy - sense of choice over one’s actions 2. Competence - ability to be optimally challenged 3. Relatedness - development and maintenance of close personal relationships
33. •Supporting these three needs is argued to foster the highest quality of motivation •Can you think of an activity which supports these three things well? Self-Determination Theory
35. Flow Theory
36. Allison Johnstonn CC BY 2.0
37. Concentration Action and awareness Self-consciousness Control or agency Distortion of time Intrinsically rewarding Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow theory and research. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 195-206). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
38. A clear goal Clear progress Clear feedback Challenge and skill Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow theory and research. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 195-206). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
39. Based off a graph proposed by Csíkszentmihályi
40. How can we use this thinking in non-game contexts?
41. 2 Designing gamification
43. Gamification Blueprint
44. •Points •Badges •Leaderboards •Levels
45. ♦ ♣ ♥ ♠ ACTING PLAYERS INTERACTING WORLD Bartle, R. (1996) Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Spades: Players Who suit MUDs. Killers Achievers Explorers Socialisers Bartle’s Taxonomy of Player Types
46. There’s more to games than points & badges.
47. “Games are good, points are good, but games ≠ points.” — Margaret Robertson
50. Gamification design framework
51. 1. Identify 2. Validate 3. Design 4. Create 5. Measure
52. 1. Identify 2. Validate 3. Design 4. Create 5. Measure
53. IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM
54. We don’t do nearly enough exercise!
55. Image CC BY 2.0 Brian Hillegas Health and safety training is boring…
56. Everyone is spending too much time on Facebook
57. Everyone’s time sheets are late again this week…
58. What’s your problem?
59. Problems with the problem
60. Perils • Peril #1: Introspection can lead to false conclusions about reality • Peril #2: What is true of one person’s experiences may not be true for others Schell, J. (2014). The Art of Game Design: A book of lenses. CRC Press.
61. 1. Identify 2. Validate 3. Design 4. Create 5. Measure
62. Validate the problem
63. Everyone is spending too much time on Facebook
64. We don’t do nearly enough exercise! You know we’re statues right?
65. Get to the root of the problem
66. Use the 5 whys to get to the root of the problem
67. • A useful technique for exploring the cause-and- effect relationships underlying a problem • Developed by Sakichi Toyoda, it was used within the Toyota Motor Corporation during the evolution of its manufacturing methodologies 5 Whys Seiter, C. (2014) The 5 Whys Process We Use to Understand the Root of Any Problem.
68. • Problem: The vehicle won’t start • Why? The battery is dead • Why? The alternator is not functioning. • Why? The alternator belt has broken. • Why? The alternator belt was well beyond its useful service life and not replaced. • Why? The vehicle was not maintained according to the recommended service schedule. Example Seiter, C. (2014) The 5 Whys Process We Use to Understand the Root of Any Problem.
69. Useful techniques
70. Observe
71. Interview
72. Run focus groups
73. Talk to experts
74. Distribute surveys
75. Run experiments
76. Collect data
77. Everyone’s time sheets are late again this week… …and we have data that shows exactly why this is an issue.
78. 1. Identify 2. Validate 3. Design 4. Create 5. Measure
79. Who are our players?
80. ♦ ♣ ♥ ♠ ACTING PLAYERS INTERACTING WORLD Bartle, R. (1996) Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Spades: Players Who suit MUDs. Killers Achievers Explorers Socialisers Bartle’s Taxonomy of Player Types
81. ACTING PEOPLE INTERACTING CONTENT Adapted from Jo Kim, A. (2013) Gamification ’13 The Player’s Journey. Compete Express Explore Collaborate How do these translate to the workplace? Build Win Challenge Showoff Taunt Compare Design Create Customise Choose Collect Rate View Curate Review Comment Contribute Greet Help Share
82. Title Text Hunicke, R., LeBlanc, M., & Zubek, R. (2004, July). MDA: A formal approach to game design and game research. In Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Challenges in Game AI (Vol. 4).
83. Changing the game
84. What is a game?
85. Defining the term ‘game’ • Jesse Schell creates a list of game qualities picked out from various definitions. • Games are entered wilfully • Games have goals • Games have conflict • Games have rules • Games can be won and lost • Games are interactive • Games have challenge • Games can create their own internal value • Games engage players • Games are closed, formal systems Schell, J. (2014). The Art of Game Design: A book of lenses. CRC Press.
86. "A game is a problem-solving activity, approached with a playful attitude.” Schell, J. (2014). The Art of Game Design: A book of lenses. CRC Press.
87. How is this different to work?
88. It’s not really…
89. “In ev'ry job that must be done. There is an element of fun. You find the fun and snap! The job's a game.” - Mary Poppins
90. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Eve_Online_-_market_browser_%28Trinity%29.jpg http://img.brothersoft.com/screenshots/softimage/e/egrid3_com_add-in_for_microsoft_excel-59184-1228807074.jpeg
91. Most games boil down to achieving a goal...
92. •Find a way to kill 3 boars •Find a way to get more points than the other team •Find a way to get to the finish line before the other players •Find a way to get the golf ball into the hole •Find a way to destroy the other player before they destroy you Some examples from The Art of Game Design, Jesse Schell, 2008
94. A clear goal Clear progress Clear feedback Challenge and skill Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow theory and research. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 195-206). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
95. Autonomy Competence Relatedness
96. Some of these things are missing in our work processes
97. Create a new system or improve the current system.
98. Brainstorm ideas
99. What’s missing?
100. Is there a clear goal? • Do the players know what they’re trying to achieve? • Do they know what they can do to achieve it? Are the rules clear? • Is the purpose of the goal explained? • If it’s a large goal, is it broken down into smaller more achievable goals?
101. Is there a clear feedback? • Are players actions quantified? • Are they receiving accurate information that will help them understand if their actions are working or not to achieving the goal? • Are they receiving feedback when they perform really well?
102. Is there a clear progress? • Do players know how close they are to achieving their goal? • Do they feel like they are progressing well towards the goal?
103. Is there a challenge? • What is the core gameplay? • Can this core gameplay be made more challenging by changing the rules? • Are players feeling challenged? • As their skills increase does the challenge increase as well? • Is the challenge tailored to the different skills of different players?
104. Is autonomy supported? • Do players feel like they’re in control of their actions? • Are they given a choice to progress in different ways to achieving their goal?
105. Is relatedness supported? • Is the goal presented in terms of the big picture of the community that it exists in? • Can players work with others to achieve the goal? • Does the challenge allow players to form closer relationships with each other?
106. 1. Identify 2. Validate 3. Design 4. Create 5. Measure
107. Low-cost gamification
109. www.engadget.com/2013/04/01/tank-tactics-the-prototype-that-almost-ruined-halfbrick/ Tank Turn Tactics
110. Real trophy
111. Existing tools
112. Badgeville
113. WPAchievements
114. Complex gamification
115. Augment existing systems
116. Create new digital systems
117. 1. Identify 2. Validate 3. Design 4. Create 5. Measure
118. Playtest
119. Is it fun? Is it working?
121. 1. Identify 2. Validate 3. Design 4. Create 5. Measure
122. 3 Examples in learning
123. Code School
124. Duolingo
125. Nitro for Salesforce
126. Headspace
127. The Manufacturing Game
128. Plant Doctor
129. GamiCad
131. Catastrophe
132. Global Corporate Challenge
134. Sign in Password Username Start!
135. Who is this? Zac Jimmy Tony Tyson I don’t know…
136. Correct! It’s Zac. Continue Eat More Pixels Co-founder. Gamification geek, speaker, app developer and Nintendo fanboy.
137. Wrap-up
138. 1. What is gamification? 2. Designing gamification 3. Examples in learning
139. Questions?
140. Slides and bonus resources: http://gamificationgeek.com/qsuper Gamification Geek Dr Zac Fitz-Walter | @zefcan | zac@gamificationgeek.com | www.gamificationgeek.com