or enjoyment in the task itself • Intrinsic motivation exists within the individual, rather than relying on external pressures or a desire for reward Extrinsic Intrinsic
to be driven by a need to grow and gain fulfilment •By satisfying three psychological allows us to optimally function and grow as people •Autonomy, Competency, Relatedness http://www.selfdeterminationtheory.org/theory/ Self-Determination Theory
time Intrinsically rewarding Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow theory and research. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 195-206). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow theory and research. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 195-206). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
about reality • Peril #2: What is true of one person’s experiences may not be true for others Schell, J. (2014). The Art of Game Design: A book of lenses. CRC Press.
underlying a problem • Developed by Sakichi Toyoda, it was used within the Toyota Motor Corporation during the evolution of its manufacturing methodologies 5 Whys Seiter, C. (2014) The 5 Whys Process We Use to Understand the Root of Any Problem.
is dead • Why? The alternator is not functioning. • Why? The alternator belt has broken. • Why? The alternator belt was well beyond its useful service life and not replaced. • Why? The vehicle was not maintained according to the recommended service schedule. Example Seiter, C. (2014) The 5 Whys Process We Use to Understand the Root of Any Problem.
of game qualities picked out from various definitions. • Games are entered wilfully • Games have goals • Games have conflict • Games have rules • Games can be won and lost • Games are interactive • Games have challenge • Games can create their own internal value • Games engage players • Games are closed, formal systems Schell, J. (2014). The Art of Game Design: A book of lenses. CRC Press.
to get more points than the other team •Find a way to get to the finish line before the other players •Find a way to get the golf ball into the hole •Find a way to destroy the other player before they destroy you Some examples from The Art of Game Design, Jesse Schell, 2008
Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow theory and research. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 195-206). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
what they’re trying to achieve? • Do they know what they can do to achieve it? Are the rules clear? • Is the purpose of the goal explained? • If it’s a large goal, is it broken down into smaller more achievable goals?
• Are they receiving accurate information that will help them understand if their actions are working or not to achieving the goal? • Are they receiving feedback when they perform really well?
• Can this core gameplay be made more challenging by changing the rules? • Are players feeling challenged? • As their skills increase does the challenge increase as well? • Is the challenge tailored to the different skills of different players?
of the big picture of the community that it exists in? • Can players work with others to achieve the goal? • Does the challenge allow players to form closer relationships with each other?
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