Upgrade to Pro — share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …

MPLS Introduction

Avatar for Almog Ohayon Almog Ohayon
May 19, 2013
Technology
350
1

MPLS Introduction

Avatar for Almog Ohayon

Almog Ohayon

May 19, 2013

More Decks by Almog Ohayon

See All by Almog Ohayon
Software-Defined Security
Avatar for Almog Ohayon almog009
0
240
Cloud Computing
Avatar for Almog Ohayon almog009
1
120
Welcome to CCNA
Avatar for Almog Ohayon almog009
1
76
InfoNinja
Avatar for Almog Ohayon almog009
2
75
Ethical Hacking 2013
Avatar for Almog Ohayon almog009
2
1.1k

Other Decks in Technology

See All in Technology
時期が悪い！それでもRaspberry Piを買って遊んで活用するには / 20260627-osc26do-rpi-jikigawarui
Avatar for Akira Ouchi akkiesoft
0
100
現地で盛り上がった WWDC26 Keynote
Avatar for ZOZO Developers zozotech
PRO
1
270
“詰む”前に仕組みを作れ 〜技術の波に溺れないためのキャッチアップ術〜
Avatar for Sugiyama Takaaki takasyou
7
3.1k
新しいUbuntu/GNOMEが使いたいからXからWaylandへ移行頑張ってるの巻 2026-06-20
Avatar for Nobuto Murata nobutomurata
0
160
Flow 不死：AI 時代 DevOps 的不變本質
Avatar for Cheng-Wei Chen cheng_wei_chen
2
450
フィジカル版Github Onshapeの紹介
Avatar for shiba_8ro shiba_8ro
0
310
AI-DLCを “そのまま導入しなかった”話 ~組織に合わせてアジャストした 私たちの実践共有~
Avatar for hiroramos hiroramos4
PRO
1
370
サイバーエージェントにおけるAI推進戦略と変革への取り組み
Avatar for shotaTsuge shotatsuge
0
390
AIはどのように 組織のアジリティを変えるのか？
Avatar for J.K junki
4
1.1k
白金鉱業Meetup_Vol.24_「AIエージェントは分けるほど良い」は本当か？ / Is it true that “the more you divide AI agents, the better”?
Avatar for BrainPad brainpadpr
1
430
Comment regagner la souveraineté de vos données tout en étant payé grâce à Nostr !
Avatar for Renaud Lifchitz rlifchitz
0
140
ロボティクスの技術 / Robotics Technology
Avatar for Kenji Saito ks91
PRO
0
120

Featured

See All Featured
How to Ace a Technical Interview
Avatar for Jacob Kaplan-Moss jacobian
281
24k
The innovator’s Mindset - 
Leading Through an Era of Exponential Change - McGill University 2025
Avatar for Jean-Marc De Jonghe jdejongh
PRO
1
200
Claude Code どこまでも/ Claude Code Everywhere
Avatar for nwiizo nwiizo
65
56k
jQuery: Nuts, Bolts and Bling
Avatar for Doug Neiner dougneiner
66
8.5k
Noah Learner - AI + Me: how we built a GSC Bulk Export data pipeline
Avatar for Tech SEO Connect techseoconnect
PRO
0
200
Code Review Best Practice
Avatar for Trisha Gee trishagee
74
20k
A Soul's Torment
Avatar for Nat Ma seathinner
6
3k
The agentic SEO stack - context over prompts
Avatar for schlessera schlessera
0
820
So, you think you're a good person
Avatar for Per Axbom axbom
PRO
2
2.1k
Raft: Consensus for Rubyists
Avatar for Patrick Van Stee vanstee
141
7.5k
[RailsConf 2023 Opening Keynote] The Magic of Rails
Avatar for Eileen M. Uchitelle eileencodes
31
10k
What Being in a Rock Band Can Teach Us About Real World SEO
Avatar for Ade Holder 427marketing
0
260

Transcript

  1. MPLS Introduction ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. MPLS concept ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Why MPLS ? ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Label Format LABEL EXP S TTL 0 19 22 23

    31 20 24 Label Header MAC Header Layer 3 Header ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. MPLS Labels • Bottom-of-stack • Time-to-live • Experimental bits ©2013,

    Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. MPLS Label Stack Frame header Label 1 IP header Payload

    Label 2 Label 3 PID=MPLS-IP ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. MPLS Label Stack • MPLS/VPNs • Traffic Engineering • MPLS/VPNs

    combined with Traffic Engineering ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Network Architecture ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. MPLS Architecture • Control plane • Data plane ©2013, Cisco

    Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. MPLS Architecture Data plane Control plane OSPF: 10.0.0.0/8 LDP: 10.0.0.0/8

    Label 17 OSPF LDP LFIB LDP: 10.0.0.0/8 Label 4 OSPF: 10.0.0.0/8 417 Labeled packet Label 4 Labeled packet Label 17 ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Frame Mode MPLS Frame header IP header Payload Layer 2

    Layer 3 Frame header Label IP header Payload Layer 2 Layer 2½ Layer 3 Routing lookup and label assignment ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. LSR and eLSR • Label Switch Router (LSR) • Edge

    LSR ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Architecture of LSRs LSR Control plane Data plane Routing protocol

    Label distribution protocol Label forwarding table IP routing table Exchange of routing information Exchange of labels Incoming labeled packets Outgoing labeled packets ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Architecture of Edge LSRs Edge LSR Control plane Data plane

    Routing protocol Label distribution protocol Label forwarding table IP routing table Exchange of routing information Exchange of labels Incoming labeled packets Outgoing labeled packets IP forwarding table Incoming IP packets Outgoing IP packets ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. MPLS Forwarding • Push • Swap • Pop ©2013, Cisco

    Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. MPLS Example 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.1 Routing lookup and label assignment 10.0.0.0/8

     L=5 Label swapping L=5  L=3 Label removal and routing lookup L=3 ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. TDP vs. LDP • MPLS Tag Switching 711. 646. ©2013,

    Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. MPLS Standardization • MPLS Tag Switching TDP LDP ©2013, Cisco

    Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. MPLS Implementation ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  21. MPLS Implementation ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  22. LDP Session Establishment • Hello messages ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc.

    All rights reserved.

  23. LDP Session Negotiation 1.0.0.1 MPLS_A 1.0.0.2 MPLS_B Initialization message Establish

    TCP session Initialization message Keepalive Keepalive ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  24. VPN ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  25. ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  26. ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  27. ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  28. Layer 3 VPN ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  29. Before MPLS VPN PE CE VPN-A VPN-B CE VPN-C CE

    Paris London Munich interface Serial0/1 description ** interface to VPN-A customer ip address 192.168.61.6 255.255.255.252 ip access-group VPN-A in ip access-group VPN-A out ! interface Serial0/2 description ** interface to VPN-B customer ip address 192.168.61.9 255.255.255.252 ip access-group VPN-B in ip access-group VPN-B out ! interface Serial0/3 description ** interface to VPN-C customer ip address 192.168.62.6 255.255.255.252 ip access-group VPN-C in ip access-group VPN-C out PE Routing Table VPN-A routes VPN-B routes VPN-C routes ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  30. Benefits of MPLS VPNs PE CE VPN-A VPN-A CE VPN-B

    Global Routing Table VRF for VPN-A VRF for VPN-B VPN Routing Table CE Multiple routing & forwarding instances (VRFs) provide the separation Paris London Munich IGP &/or BGP ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  31. But how to do it ? ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc.

    All rights reserved.

  32. • PE routers maintain separate routing tables Global routing table

    contains all PE and P routes (perhaps BGP) populated by the VPN backbone IGP VRF (VPN routing & forwarding) routing & forwarding table associated with one or more directly connected sites (CE routers) VRF is associated with any type of interface, whether logical or physical (e.g. sub/virtual/tunnel) interfaces may share the same VRF if the connected sites share the same routing information VPN Routing & Forwarding Instance (VRF) ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  33. VRF Route Population locally PE CE C E Site-2 Site-1

    EBGP,OSPF, RIPv2,Static ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  34. VRF Route Distribution local imports PE PE CE Router CE

    Router P Router VPN Site VPN Site MP-BGP MPLS/VPN Backbone ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  35. Concept of RD ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  36. Concept of RD PE1 CE VPN-A VPN-B VPN-B CE MP-BGP

    PE2 BGP Table Routes from VPN-A Routes from VPN-B Munich MPLS/VPN Backbone CE router sends 32 bit IPv4 prefix PE router converts it into a 96 bit VPNv4 prefix ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  37. Processing of RD ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  38. Concept of RT ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  39. Concept of RT ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  40. MP-BGP Update ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  41. MP-BGP Update ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  42. MP-BGP Update ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  43. Routing Between PE-CE ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  44. MPLS/VPN Packet Forwarding • Label Stack is used for packet

    forwarding Top label indicates BGP Next-Hop (interior label) Second level label indicates outgoing interface or VRF (exterior VPN label) • MPLS nodes forward packets based on top label any subsequent labels are ignored • Penultimate Hop Popping procedures used one hop prior to egress PE router ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  45. Transit Autonomous System Traditional BGP Transit Autonomous System Design Requirements

    • All core routers Core1 Border1 Border2 Core2 ISP1 ISP2 EBGP EBGP IBGP IBGP IBGP RR RR ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  46. Transit Autonomous System Simplified BGP network design in MPLS-based networks

    • Only border routers Core1 Border1 Border2 Core2 ISP1 ISP2 EBGP EBGP IBGP ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  47. Benefits of MPLS-based Transit AS ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All

    rights reserved.

  48. Virtual Private Networks OSPF, EBGP, RIPv2 or static BGP. ©2013,

    Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  49. MPLS Configuration ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  50. MPLS Configuration VRF configuration Ip vrf GREEN rd 109:145 route-target

    export 109:145 route-target import 109:145 interface serial 1/0/1 ip forwarding vrf GREEN ip address 10.1.1.5 255.255.255.252 ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  51. MPLS Configuration ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  52. MPLS Configuration router bgp 110 neighbor 131.108.1.1 remote-as 110 neighbor

    131.108.1.1 update-source loopback 0 ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  53. MPLS Configuration address-family vpnv4 neighbor 131.108.1.1 activate neighbor 131.108.1.1 next-hop-self

    ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  54. MPLS Configuration ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  55. MPLS Configuration router bgp 110 ! address-family ipv4 vrf Green

    neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 115 neighbor 10.1.1.1 activate ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  56. MPLS Configuration ip route vrfYELLOW 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.1.5 serial 2/0

    ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  57. Layer 2 VPN ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  58. Layer 2 Services Layer 2 MPLS VPN • Virtual Private

    Wire Service (VPWS) – Point-To-Point – Martini – Kompella • Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) - Multipoint – Kompella – Lasserre & Vkompella ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  59. Martini draft was named after a former Cisco employee Luca

    Martini. Martini draft uses LDP as signaling to setup L2VPN over MPLS backbone. Kompella draft on the other hand uses BGP for both signaling and auto-discovery to establish fully-meshed pseudo wires (multipoint). Kompella-draft is named after author Keerti Kompella (Juniper Employee). Martini Vs. Kompella ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  60. Martini draft was named after a former Cisco employee Luca

    Martini. Martini draft uses LDP as signaling to setup L2VPN over MPLS backbone. Martini Vs. Kompella ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  61. Kompella draft on the other hand uses BGP for both

    signaling and auto-discovery to establish fully-meshed pseudo wires (multipoint). Kompella-draft is named after author Keerti Kompella (Juniper Employee). Martini Vs. Kompella ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.

  62. VPLS ©2013, Cisco Systems. Inc. All rights reserved.